A lattice of foam flow in porous media: a random walker approach

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Laidlaw ◽  
W. G. Wilson ◽  
Dennis A. Coombe
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Random Walker ◽  
Foam Flow ◽  
Random Walk Simulation

We introduce two simple foam blockage rules and examine their effect on sweep efficiency through a porous medium. Applying a random walk simulation method, it is found that an efficient sweep can be performed by a blockage mechanism where every invaded throat is blocked upon invasion. The blocking foam lamella must also have a large, but not necessarily infinite, decay time. This result is interpreted as a reduction in the interface speed. Keywords: porous media, viscous fingering, foam flow.

Studies on Foam Flow in the Porous Media in the Last Decade: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Lv ◽  
Shu Zhong Wang ◽  
Ze Feng Jing ◽  
Ming Luo
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Foam Flow ◽  
New Findings ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Flow Through

Foam has been used for several decades to decrease the mobility of drive gas or steam, thereby increasing the reservoir sweep efficiency and enhancing the oil recovery. The optimization of the operations requires a thorough understanding of the physical aspects involved in foam flow through porous media. The present paper aims mainly at reviewing experimental and modeling studies on foam flow in porous media particularly during the last decade, to stress the new achievements and highlight the areas that are less understood. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool to study in-situ foam behaviors in porous media and new findings were obtained through this technology. The population-balance model was improved in different forms by researchers.

scholarly journals Impact of pertinent parameters on foam behavior in the entrance region of porous media: mathematical modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1669-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Samimi ◽  
Zahra Sakhaei ◽  
Masoud Riazi
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Entrance Region ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Foam Flow

AbstractFoam injection is a promising solution for control of mobility in oil and gas field exploration and development, including enhanced oil recovery, matrix-acidization treatments, contaminated-aquifer remediation and gas leakage prevention. This study presents a numerical investigation of foam behavior in a porous medium. Fractional flow method is applied to describe steady-state foam displacement in the entrance region. In this model, foam flow for the cases of excluding and including capillary pressure and for two types of gas, nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are investigated. Effects of pertinent parameters are also verified. Results indicate that the foam texture strongly governs foam flow in porous media. Required entrance region may be quite different for foam texture to accede local equilibrium, depending on the case and physical properties that are used. According to the fact that the aim of foaming of injected gas is to reduce gas mobility, results show that CO2 is a more proper injecting gas than N2. There are also some ideas presented here on improvement in foam displacement process. This study will provide an insight into future laboratory research and development of full-field foam flow in a porous medium.

Conservation of Mass

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jon Furbish
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Conservation Of Mass ◽  
Special Case

The concept of conservation of mass holds a fundamental role in most problems in fluid physics. For a given problem this concept is cast in the form of an equation of continuity. Such an equation describes a condition—conservation of mass—that must be satisfied in any formal analysis of a problem. Thus an equation of continuity often is one of several complementary equations that are solved simultaneously to arrive at a solution to a flow problem, for example, the flow velocity as a function of coordinate position in a flow field. (Typically these complementary equations, as we will see in later chapters, involve conservation of momentum or energy, or both.) Although we did not explicitly use this idea in analyzing the one-dimensional flow problems at the end of Chapter 3, it turns out that continuity was implicitly satisfied in setting up each problem. We will return to these problems to illustrate this point. We will develop equations of continuity for three general cases: purely fluid flow, saturated single-phase flow in porous media, and unsaturated flow in porous media. The most general of the three equations is that for unsaturated flow, where pores are partially filled with the fluid phase of interest, such that the degree of saturation with respect to that phase is less than one. We will then show that this equation reduces, in the special case in which the degree of saturation equals one, to a simpler form appropriate for saturated single-phase flow. Then, this equation for saturated flow could be reduced further, in the special case in which the porosity equals one, to a form appropriate for purely fluid flow. For pedagogical reasons, however, we shall reverse this order and consider purely fluid flow first. In addition we will consider conservation of a solid or gas dissolved in a liquid, and take this opportunity to introduce Fick’s law for molecular diffusion. For simplicity we will consider only species that do not react chemically with the liquid, nor with the solid phases of a porous medium. Most of the derivations below are based on the idea of a small control volume of specified dimensions embedded within a fluid or porous medium.

Foams as Blocking Agents in Porous Media

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Albrecht ◽  
Sullivan S. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Storage Reservoirs

Abstract Although foam usually will flow in porous media, under certain controllable conditions it can also be used to block the flow of gas, both in unconsolidated sand packs and in sandstones. After steady gas or foam flow has been established at a certain injection pressure pi, the pressure is decreased until flow pressure pi, the pressure is decreased until flow ceases at a certain blocking pressure pb. When flow is then reestablished at a second, higher pi, blocking can again occur at another pb that will usually be greater than the first pi. The relationship between pi and Pb depends on the type of porous medium and the foamer solution saturation in the porous medium. A process is suggested whereby porous medium. A process is suggested whereby this phenomenon might be used to impede or block leakage in natural gas storage projects. Introduction The practice of storing natural gas in underground porous rocks has developed rapidly, and it now is porous rocks has developed rapidly, and it now is the major way of meeting peak demands in urban areas of the U. S. Many of these storage projects have been plagued with gas leakage problems that have, in some cases, presented safety hazards and resulted in sizeable economic losses. Usually these leaks are due to such natural factors as faults and fractures, or to such engineering factors as poor cement jobs and wells that were improperly abandoned. For the latter, various remedies such as spot cementing have been tried but not always with great success. In recent years several research groups have been studying the flow properties of aqueous foams and their application to various petroleum engineering problems. Most of this work has been done under problems. Most of this work has been done under experimental conditions such that the foam would flow in either tubes or porous media. However, under some extreme or unusual experimental conditions, flow in porous media becomes very difficult or even impossible. This factor also has suggested m us as well as to others that foam can be used as a gas flow impeder or as a sealant for leaks in gas storage reservoirs. In such a process, the natural ability of porous media to process, the natural ability of porous media to generate foam would be utilized by injecting a slug of foamer solution and following this with gas to form the foam in situ. This paper presents preliminary results of a sandy on the blockage of gas flow by foam in porous media. It also describes how this approach might be applied to a field process for sealing leaks in natural gas storage reservoirs. Throughout this report, we use the term "foam" to describe any dispersed gas-liquid system in which the liquid is the continuous phase, and the gas is the discontinuous phase. APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE A schematic drawing of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. At least 50 PV of filtered, deaerated foamer solution were forced through the porous medium to achieve liquid saturation greater than 80 percent. Afterwards air at controlled pressures was passed into the porous medium in order to generate foam in situ. Table 1 shows the properties and dimensions of the several porous media that were used. The beach sands were washed, graded and packed into a vibrating lucite tube containing a constant liquid level to avoid Stoke's law segregation over most of the porous medium. JPT P. 51

Modeling Polymer Enhanced Foam Flow in Porous Media Using An Improved Population-Balance Foam Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishan Luo ◽  
Kun Ma ◽  
Khalid Mateen ◽  
Guangwei Ren ◽  
Gilles Bourdarot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Population Balance ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Foam Flow ◽  
Foam Model

Effect Of Gas Type On Foam Film Permeability And Its Implications For Foam Flow In Porous Media

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Farajzadeh ◽  
RM Muruganathan ◽  
Rumen Krastev ◽  
William Richard Rossen
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Foam Flow ◽  
Foam Film

Solidification With a Throughflow in a Porous Medium

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-680
Author(s):  
T. Banerjee ◽  
C. Chang ◽  
W. Wu ◽  
U. Narusawa
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Peclet Number ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Circular Pipe ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Péclet Number ◽  
Solid Interface

A steady throughflow in a porous medium is studied in the presence of a solidified layer due to cooling of the walls. Under the assumption of a moderately sloped melt-solid interface, analytical solutions are obtained for both a flow between parallel plates and a circular pipe. Differences and similarities are examined between the Darcian and the Brinkman porous media, as well as the effects of various parameters, such as the Peclet number, the ratio of diffusivities in the longitudinal and the lateral directions, and a parameter indicating the degree of wall cooling and flow heating, on thermofluid structure of a flow in porous media accompanied by solidification.

A CT Scan Study of Immiscible Foam Flow in Porous Media for EOR

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Simjoo ◽  
Yufei Dong ◽  
Alexey Andrianov ◽  
Mohand Talanana ◽  
Pacelli L.J. Zitha
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Foam Flow

The Streaming Potential and the Rheology of Foam

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Raza ◽  
S.S. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Streaming Potential ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Foam Flow ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract An experimental study of the flow of fine-textured, aqueous foams through Pyrex tubes is described. The foams range in quality F (ratio of gas volume to total volume) from 0.70 to 0.96 and behave like pseudoplastic fluids. At lower flow rates they exhibit laminar flow and have apparent viscosities which increase with quality, and which cover a range of 15 cp to 255 poise for tubes of 0.25- to 1.50-mm radius ri. At higher flow rates a plug-like type of flow is developed, the extent of which increases with both and ri. When the same foams flow through either open or packed Pyrex tubes, remarkably high streaming potentials phi E are often generated. These can easily reach 50v if nonionic foaming agents are used, but are at least an order of magnitude less for ionic foaming agents. A linear relationship between phi E and the pressure differential phi p is observed; this usually extrapolates to positive values of phi p at phi E of zero. The slope of the line increases with both F and ri. An equation was derived to describe the streaming potential of non-Newtonian fluids in circular tubes and was used to correlate experimental results. The calculated potential is are of the right order of magnitude. Introduction Foams are both unusual and intriguing in their physical properties, and have been the subject of many scientific studies. However, present knowledge of foams is still fragmentary, specific and often contradictory. Apparent viscosity of foam is the physical property of greatest interest to both rheologists and engineers. Sibree reported that the apparent viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate in a manner similar to some non-Newtonian fluids. Penny and Blackman reported that fire-fighting foams had both a limiting shear stress and a tensile yield stress. There is little doubt that some foams at least behave like non-Newtonian fluids, and have apparent viscosities considerably higher than those of either constituent phase. The high apparent viscosity of foam with its concomitant effect on mobility ratio and sweep efficiency no doubt prompted several attempts by research groups to use foam as a displacing agent in porous media. Based on recent experience, most of these groups probably succeeded in completely blocking fluid flow in the porous media and then abandoned their efforts. Two groups apparently found the successful combination of experimental parameters at about the same time. Others have recently added to our knowledge-of foam flow in porous media and its use as a displacing agent. An experimental problem encountered by Fried was a transient blockage of foam flow in porous media when distilled water was used to prepare the foam-producing solution. Fried surmised that this was due to an electrokinetic effect and he eliminated it by using electrolytes in preparing foaming solutions. He also measured the streaming potential of a number of foams in capillary tubes which he found to be appreciably higher than those obtained when the constituent liquid flowed under comparable conditions. This paper presents results of a more comprehensive study of the streaming potential generated by aqueous foam flowing in both open and packed Pyrex tubes. It also adds to knowledge of the rheology of these foams as deduced from their flow behavior in open tubes. APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE A diagram of the apparatus used is shown in Fig. 1. Details of its construction, testing and use are described elsewhere. Careful selection of materials, extreme cleanliness and rather elaborate electrical insulation and shielding were necessary to obtain reproducible results (15 percent). Both streaming potential and streaming current were measured with an electrometer. The design of the foam generator developed for this work is novel (Fig. 2). SPEJ P. 359ˆ

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