Electrical conductance of a mixture of sodium and potassium nitrates in aqueous medium

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2115-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratan Lal Gupta ◽  
Kochi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Size Parameter ◽  
Mixed Alkali ◽  
Mixed Alkali Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ion Size ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Electrical conductance and density measurements of [xNaNO3 + (1 − x)KNO3] + RH2O system were taken as functions of x, R, and temperature. The mixed alkali effect on molar conductance (Λ) was found to be negligible upto R = 25 and becomes significant in the region where R < 25. It has been shown that for mixed electrolytic system in aqueous medium the concentration range at which the mixed alkali effect on Λ starts becoming significant can be predetermined by plotting the difference in Λ of the two pure electrolytic solutions versus R. The concentration dependence of Λ has been described satisfactorily by the expression Λ = ΛFLK exp (Bc + Cc2) where ΛFLK is the Falkenhagen–Leist–Kelbg equation for Λ, B and C are empirical constants, and c is the molar concentration. The observed values of the ion-size parameter have indicated more ionic association in KNO3 solution than in NaNO3 solution. Keywords: electrical conductance, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, mixed alkali effect.

scholarly journals Mixed alkali effect in sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate melt

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakira S. Islam ◽  
Kochi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Sodium Thiosulfate ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Polarization Model ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Mixed Alkali ◽  
Mixed Alkali Effect ◽  
Arrhenius Temperature Dependence ◽  
Arrhenius Temperature

Density and electrical conductance measurements of 0.35[XNaNO3 + (1 − X)KNO3] + 0.65Na2S2O3•5H2O melt were made as functions of temperature and X. Molar volume, V, is found to be additive. The percent deviation of Vext (extrapolated V of the pure solute from the plot of V vs. total added alkali ion fraction) from Vcal (calculated V of the pure solute from its high temperature density data) increases monotonically as the amount of NaNO3 in the hydrate melt increases, thereby manifesting a "structure-forming" tendency of NaNO3. The non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of molar conductance, Λ is analyzed in terms of the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. Mixed alkali effect (MAE) has been observed on Λ and T0 (ideal glass transition temperature). A competitive polarization model has been used to explain the MAE on Λ.

Electrical Conductivity, Viscosity and Molar Volume of Potassium Nitrate - Sodium Nitrate in Cadmium Nitrate Tetrahydrate Melt

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Kalita ◽  
Nashiour Rohman ◽  
Sekh Mahiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Present System ◽  
Cadmium Nitrate ◽  
Intrinsic Volume ◽  
Polarization Model ◽  
Mixed Alkali ◽  
Free Volume Model ◽  
Mixed Alkali Effect

The electrical conductivities, viscosities and molar volumes of the 0·3[xKNO3+(1 – x)NaNO3]+ 0·7Cd(NO3)2.4·4H2O systems were measured as functions of temperature (293·15 ≤ T/K ≤ 363·15) and composition (x = 0·0 to 1·0 mole fraction). The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and viscosity was non-Arrhenius in nature and has been analysed by using the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. Both conductivity and viscosity vary non-linearly with the molar volume and have been explained by using VTF-type equations based on the free volume model. In the present system the molar volume and the intrinsic volume are additive. A significant mixed alkali effect has been observed in the normalized electrical conductivity and viscosity and in the electrical conductivity at the isofluidity condition. The variation of the electrical conductivity is governed by the mobility of the potassium ions. The onset of the mixed alkali effect has been explained by the anion polarization model.

scholarly journals Influence of glass network ionicity on the mixed‐alkali effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-414
Author(s):  
Courtney Calahoo ◽  
Yang Xia ◽  
Ru Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Glass Network ◽  
Mixed Alkali ◽  
Mixed Alkali Effect

scholarly journals Influence of Erythrocytes on Direct Potentiometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bijster ◽  
H L Vader ◽  
C L J Vink
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Direct Potentiometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

We have shown that the sodium concentration in whole blood measured by direct potentiometry is higher than in plasma. The ‘erythrocyte-effect’, already described by Siggaard Andersen, is most pronounced for instruments equipped with a reference electrode with an open static liquid junction and is thus a general phenomenon. Instruments with a modified liquid junction show less interference. The same phenomenon appears for the determination of the potassium concentration, although the difference between whole blood and plasma, when measured with instruments equipped with a modified liquid junction, can be neglected in practice.

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