NMR relaxation of tin-119 in pentacoordinate and hexacoordinate environments

Carbon-13 and 119Sn nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation times at 8.48 T and at 4.70 T have been measured at several temperatures for a number of 2,2-di-n-butyl-1,3,2-dioxastannolane derivatives, most of which were prepared from monosaccharide derived diols. The tin nuclei in these compounds, which are at either pentacoordinate or hexacoordinate sites, have 119Sn T1values that are relatively short, between 13 ms and 300 ms. At 8.48 T, chemical shift anisotropy is the only important mechanism for relaxation of the 119Sn nuclei in these compounds. However, at 4.70 T, the 1H,119Sn dipole–dipole mechanism also contributes slightly. The principal components of the 119Sn chemical shift tensor for the pentacoordinate site in the dimeric structure of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dibutylstannylene-α-D-glucopyranoside (1) were determined directly from the static 119Sn spectrum of a powdered sample and indirectly from slow spinning CP/MAS spectra using both the Herzfeld–Berger procedure and computer simulation. The tin shift tensor for 1 in the solid state is non-axially symmetric with η = 0.49 ± 0.03. The chemical shift anisotropy determined from the solid state experiments, 748 ± 20 ppm, was in good agreement with the value obtained from the solution T1data, 720 ± 50 ppm. For compounds containing both pentacoordinate and hexacoordinate tin atoms, the 119Sn relaxation data indicate that the tin chemical shift anisotropies for the hexacoordinate sites are approximately 1.6 times those of the pentacoordinate sites. Keywords: 119Sn NMR, NMR relaxation, stannylene acetals, 1,3,2-dioxastannolanes.