scholarly journals The preparation of some fused isothiazole derivatives

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. McKinnon ◽  
K. Ann Duncan ◽  
Aileen M. McKinnon ◽  
Perry A. Spevack
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Methylation Product

The treatment of di(2-amino-5-methylphenyl)methane with N-sulfinylmethanesulfonamide gives two materials, 3-(2-amino-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-2,1-benzisothiazole and what appears to be its tautomer, a 2,1-benzisothiazolo[2,3-b]-2,1-benzisothiazole derivative. Reaction of the former with methyl iodide gives mono-, di-, and trimethyl derivatives. The second of these also possesses the symmetrical 2,1-benzisothiazolo[2,3-b]-2,1-benztsothiazole structure. The structure of the other methylation product and of the acetylation products are discussed. Some 1,2-dithiol-3-ylidene-2-pyridylmethanes were made by condensation of 3-alkylthio-1,2-dithiolium salts with methyl 2-pyridylacetate. These demonstrate little sulphur–nitrogen interaction. 3-Methylthio-4-phenyl-1,2-dithiolium iodide reacts anomalously with methyl 2-pyridylacetate to form a quinolizinethione. 1,2-Benzisothiazolo[2,3-a]pyridintum triiodide was made by iodine oxidation of 2-(2-mercaptophenylpyridine).

METHYLATION OF SUGAR DITHIOACETALS: V. D-MANNOSE DIETHYL DITHIOACETAL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2500-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. S. Dutton ◽  
Y. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Silver Oxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Methylation

Partial methylation of D-mannose diethyl dithioacetal in tetrahydrofuran with methyl iodide and silver oxide yielded 2-, 3-, and 6-O-methyl-D-mannose in the ratio of 12:1:1, respectively. The major component, 2-O-methyl-D-mannose, was characterized as the phenyl-hydrazone and the other isomers identified by electrophoresis. The Mg values of these mono-O-methyl ethers were recorded.

Thiazoloisoquinolines. III. Structure and methylation of 2-hydroxythiazolo[4,5-c]- and -[5,4-c]isoquinolines

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Hall ◽  
Alfred Taurins
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thiazole Ring ◽  
Spectral Evidence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Methylating Agents ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

2-Hydroxythiazolo[4,5-c]isoquinoline (1) and 2-hydroxythiazolo[5,4-c]isoquinoline (2) were both found to exist predominantly in the lactam form (1b and 2b respectively) from infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and ultraviolet spectral evidence. Various methylating agents methylated compound 1 exclusively on the N-3 atom in the thiazole ring. Compound 2 on the other hand, gave a mixture of O-and N-3 methylated products with diazomethane and a mixture of N-1 and N-4 methylated products with either methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate.

Rates of N-methylation of azoles with methyl iodide and dimethyl sulphate

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Deady
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphate ◽  
Inductive Effect ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
The Other

The rates of quaternization of various azoles and their benzo derivatives with dimethyl sulphate, and with methyl iodide in dimethyl sulphoxide, are reported. Reaction rates are controlled mainly by the inductive effect of the other hetero atom and there is a good correlation between rate of quaternization and basicity of the azole.

scholarly journals The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 11427-11471 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tegtmeier ◽  
K. Krüger ◽  
B. Quack ◽  
E. Atlas ◽  
D. R. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Convective Systems ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Tropical Tropopause ◽  
Cold Point

Abstract. We investigate the contribution of oceanic methyl iodide (CH3I) to the stratospheric iodine budget. Based on CH3I measurements during three tropical ship campaigns and the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART we provide a detailed analysis of CH3I transport from the ocean surface to the cold point in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL). While average oceanic emissions differ by less than 50% from campaign to campaign, the measurements show much stronger variations within each campaign. A positive correlation between the oceanic CH3I emissions and the efficiency of CH3I troposphere–stratosphere transport has been identified for some cruise sections. The mechanism of strong horizontal surface winds triggering large emissions on the one hand and being associated with tropical convective systems, such as developing typhoons, on the other hand, could explain the identified correlations. As a result of the simultaneous occurrence of large CH3I emissions and strong vertical uplift, localized maximum mixing ratios of 0.6 ppt CH3I at the cold point have been determined for observed peak emissions during the SHIVA-Sonne campaign in the coastal West Pacific. The other two campaigns give considerable smaller maxima of 0.1 ppt CH3I for the TransBrom campaign in the open West Pacific and 0.03 ppt for emissions from the coastal East Atlantic during the DRIVE campaign. In order to assess the representativeness of the large local mixing ratios we use climatological emission scenarios to derive global upper air estimates of CH3I abundances. The model results are compared to available upper air measurements including data from the recent ATTREX and HIPPO2 aircraft campaigns. In the East Pacific region, the location of the available measurement campaigns in the upper TTL, the comparisons give a good agreement indicating that around 0.01 to 0.02 ppt of CH3I enter the stratosphere. However, other tropical regions, which are subject to stronger convective activity show larger CH3I entrainment, e.g., 0.08 ppt in the West Pacific. The strong variations in the geographical distribution of CH3I entrainment suggest that currently available upper air measurements are not representative of global estimates and further campaigns will be necessary in order to better understand the CH3I contribution to stratospheric iodine.

scholarly journals Effects of Selected Marigold Varieties on Root-knot Nematodes and Tomato and Melon Yields

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon T. Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Ca 50

Field experiments were conducted at two sites in California to evaluate the effects of marigold genotypes Tagetes patula var. Single Gold and Tagetes hybrid var. Polynema on Meloidogyne incognita infestation, root-galling, and yields of tomato grown immediately after marigold. Marigold cultivars were compared with a fallow control and with methyl iodide fumigation of soil prior to cultivation of M. incognita-susceptible and M. incognita-resistant tomato. Tomato yields after marigold were ca. 50% higher than after fallow. Marigold Single Gold consistently reduced nematode infestation and galling of tomato roots. Results were not significantly different between methyl iodide fumigation or marigold Single Gold at one site, but methyl iodide outperformed both marigold varieties at the other site. At one site, where melon var. Durango was grown during spring and summer of the year following cultivation of marigolds Single Gold and Polynema, melon yield increases of 95 and 45%, respectively, were still obtained.

scholarly journals The contribution of oceanic methyl iodide to stratospheric iodine

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 11869-11886 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tegtmeier ◽  
K. Krüger ◽  
B. Quack ◽  
E. Atlas ◽  
D. R. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Tropical Tropopause ◽  
Cold Point

Abstract. We investigate the contribution of oceanic methyl iodide (CH3I) to the stratospheric iodine budget. Based on CH3I measurements from three tropical ship campaigns and the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART, we provide a detailed analysis of CH3I transport from the ocean surface to the cold point in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL). While average oceanic emissions differ by less than 50% from campaign to campaign, the measurements show much stronger variations within each campaign. A positive correlation between the oceanic CH3I emissions and the efficiency of CH3I troposphere–stratosphere transport has been identified for some cruise sections. The mechanism of strong horizontal surface winds triggering large emissions on the one hand and being associated with tropical convective systems, such as developing typhoons, on the other hand, could explain the identified correlations. As a result of the simultaneous occurrence of large CH3I emissions and strong vertical uplift, localized maximum mixing ratios of 0.6 ppt CH3I at the cold point have been determined for observed peak emissions during the SHIVA (Stratospheric Ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere)-Sonne research vessel campaign in the coastal western Pacific. The other two campaigns give considerably smaller maxima of 0.1 ppt CH3I in the open western Pacific and 0.03 ppt in the coastal eastern Atlantic. In order to assess the representativeness of the large local mixing ratios, we use climatological emission scenarios to derive global upper air estimates of CH3I abundances. The model results are compared with available upper air measurements, including data from the recent ATTREX and HIPPO2 aircraft campaigns. In the eastern Pacific region, the location of the available measurement campaigns in the upper TTL, the comparisons give a good agreement, indicating that around 0.01 to 0.02 ppt of CH3I enter the stratosphere. However, other tropical regions that are subject to stronger convective activity show larger CH3I entrainment, e.g., 0.08 ppt in the western Pacific. Overall our model results give a tropical contribution of 0.04 ppt CH3I to the stratospheric iodine budget. The strong variations in the geographical distribution of CH3I entrainment suggest that currently available upper air measurements are not representative of global estimates and further campaigns will be necessary in order to better understand the CH3I contribution to stratospheric iodine.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

D. The Line Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 207-244
Author(s):  
R. P. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Empirical Information ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
Almost Continuous ◽  
Informal Approach

(Ed. note:Encouraged by the success of the more informal approach in Christy's presentation, we tried an even more extreme experiment in this session, I-D. In essence, Kraft held the floor continuously all morning, and for the hour and a half afternoon session, serving as a combined Summary-Introductory speaker and a marathon-moderator of a running discussion on the line spectrum of cepheids. There was almost continuous interruption of his presentation; and most points raised from the floor were followed through in detail, no matter how digressive to the main presentation. This approach turned out to be much too extreme. It is wearing on the speaker, and the other members of the symposium feel more like an audience and less like participants in a dissective discussion. Because Kraft presented a compendious collection of empirical information, and, based on it, an exceedingly novel series of suggestions on the cepheid problem, these defects were probably aggravated by the first and alleviated by the second. I am much indebted to Kraft for working with me on a preliminary editing, to try to delete the side-excursions and to retain coherence about the main points. As usual, however, all responsibility for defects in final editing is wholly my own.)

C. The Continuous Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
J. B. Oke ◽  
C. A. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Interpretation ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
The Continuum

Pecker:The topic to be considered today is the continuous spectrum of certain stars, whose variability we attribute to a pulsation of some part of their structure. Obviously, this continuous spectrum provides a test of the pulsation theory to the extent that the continuum is completely and accurately observed and that we can analyse it to infer the structure of the star producing it. The continuum is one of the two possible spectral observations; the other is the line spectrum. It is obvious that from studies of the continuum alone, we obtain no direct information on the velocity fields in the star. We obtain information only on the thermodynamic structure of the photospheric layers of these stars–the photospheric layers being defined as those from which the observed continuum directly arises. So the problems arising in a study of the continuum are of two general kinds: completeness of observation, and adequacy of diagnostic interpretation. I will make a few comments on these, then turn the meeting over to Oke and Whitney.

Observing programme for the 24-inch/36-inch Schmidt telescope

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Schmidt Telescope ◽  
Flint Glass

A new 24-inch/36-inch//3 Schmidt telescope, made by C. Zeiss, Jena, has been installed since 30 August 1962, at the N. Copernicus University Observatory in Toruń. It is equipped with two objective prisms, used separately, one of crown the other of flint glass, each of 5° refracting angle, giving dispersions of 560Å/mm and 250Å/ mm respectively.

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