2,2-Bis(ethylthio)ethanenitrile: preparation and use as a one or two carbon nucleophile

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2006-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Bates ◽  
S. Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Conjugate Addition ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
High Yields

2,2-Bis(ethylthio)ethanenitrile 1 was prepared in high yield from 2,2-bis(ethylthio)ethanal 2. Alkylation of the potassium salt of 1 with various alkylating agents and conjugate addition to cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones provided high yields of the alkylation products of 1. The potential one and two carbon chain extension capability of this new reagent has been demonstrated.

Enamines of 2,2-bis(ethylthio)ethanal: a convenient route to γ-keto crotonate derivatives

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2466-2475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Bates ◽  
S. Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Convenient Route ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Potential Precursor ◽  
Chiral Potential

A new α-oxoaldehyde reagent, 2,2-bis(ethylthio)ethanal 1, has been prepared in high yield from ethanedial. Alkylation of the potassium salt of the enamines of 1 with various alkylating agents followed by insitu hydrolysis of the intermediate imine afforded high yields of the alkylation products of 1. This new reagent was used in the synthesis of a chiral potential precursor of the macrocyclic fragment of cytochalasins A, B, and F, as well as in the syntheses of the physiologically active diolides pyrenophorin and norpyrenophorin.

Novel Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids Based on Benzimidazolium Cation: Synthesis and Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Indoles with α,β-unsaturated Ketones

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 977-984
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Chen Jiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Michael Addition ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Conjugate Addition ◽  
Michael Addition Reaction ◽  
Unsaturated Ketones ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Michael Addition

Brønsted acidic ionic liquids based on benzimidazolium cation was synthesized and employed as an efficient catalysts for the Michael addition reaction of indoles to α,β-unsaturated ketones under mild conditions to afford the corresponding conjugate addition products in high yields (90%-98%). The catalyst 1-butyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)benzimidazolium p-toluenesulfonate ([PSbbim][p-CH3PhSO3]) could be reused at least three times without a noticeably decrease in its activity.

Evaluation of germ plasm for resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Wuye Ria Andayanie
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yields

Soybean superior varieties with high yields and are resistant to abiotic stress have been largely released, although some varieties grown in the field are not resistant to SMV. In addition, the opportunity to obtain lines of hope as prospective varieties with high yield and resistance to SMV is very small. The method for evaluating soybean germplasm is based on serological observations of 98 accessions of leaf samples from SMV inoculation with T isolate. The evaluation results of 98 accessions based on visual observations showed 31 genotypes reacting very resistant or healthy to mild resistant category to SMV T isolate  with a percentage of symptom severity of 0 −30 %. Among 31 genotypes there are 2 genotypes (PI 200485; M8Grb 44; Mlg 3288) with the category of visually very resistant and resistant, respectively and  Mlg 3288  with the category of mild resistant.  They have a good agronomic appearance with a weight of 100 seeds (˃10 g) and react negatively with polyclonal antibodies to SMV, except Mlg 3288 reaction is not consistent, despite the weight of 100 seeds (˃ 10 g). Leaf samples from 98 accessions revealed various symptoms of SMV infection in the field. This diversity of symptoms is caused by susceptibility to accession, when infection occurs, and environmental factors. Keywords—: soybean; genotipe; Soybean mosaic virus (SMV); disease severity; polyclonal  antibody

Copper-catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition of para-quinone methides with diborylmethane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Guoliang Gao ◽  
Songtao He ◽  
Qiuling Song
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic System ◽  
Conjugate Addition ◽  
Quinone Methides ◽  
High Yields

Presented herein is the first 1,6-conjugate addition of diborylmethane, which is promoted by a simple and inexpensive copper catalytic system. This method features high yields, good selectivities and broad functional...

scholarly journals Performance of Strawberry Varieties Developed for Perennial Matted-Row Production in Annual Plasticulture in a Cold Climate Region

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
High Yields

Annual plasticulture production of strawberries promises superior weed control, fruit quality and yields. However, strawberry varieties adapted for perennial, matted-row production and local markets in cold climate regions have not been widely tested for adaptation to an annual production cycle. Productivity of seven short-day varieties developed for matted-row and/or annual production was examined in an annual plasticulture system in two consecutive trials in central NY (lat. 42.87° N, long. 76.99° W) harvested in 2013 and 2014. ‘Flavorfest’ demonstrated good performance in Trial 1 with high yield (390 g/plant) and large fruit size (13.9 g mean berry weight). ‘Jewel’ was shown to be well adapted to the annual plasticulture system with consistently high yields (330 and 390 g/plant) that equaled or surpassed other varieties and had moderate fruit size. ‘Chandler’ performed similarly to previous trials conducted in warmer regions with yield (340 g/plant) and fruit size (9.8 g mean berry weight) similar to ‘Jewel’. ‘Clancy’ yielded less but was consistent from year to year. The late season varieties Seneca and Ovation showed marked variability between years, possibly due to drastically different temperatures during flowering and fruit development in Trial 1 compared to Trial 2. High temperatures in Trial 1 likely caused higher early fruit yield, a compressed season and a precipitous decline in fruit size in the later season, thus reducing yield in the late season. Survival after a second dormant period was poor resulting in a small second harvest and reduced fruit size. Overall, the system demonstrated many of the expected benefits but may be more sensitive to weather conditions in the region. While many varieties developed for matted-row production may work well in an annual plasticulture system, not all varieties are equally adapted. Performance of each variety should be determined independently before large scale adoption by growers.

ChemInform Abstract: ONE CARBON-CHAIN EXTENSION FROM PRIMARY AMINES TO NITRILES VIA FORMAMIDES

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. E. RODRIGUEZ ◽  
M. PORTENART ◽  
B. DELMON ◽  
H. G. VIEHE
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Primary Amines

The Pyrolytic Rearrangement of 1-Alkynoyl-3-methylpyrazoles: Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-ols and Related Compounds

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
RFC Brown ◽  
FW Eastwood ◽  
GD Fallon ◽  
SC Lee ◽  
RP Mcgeary
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Fused Ring ◽  
Related Compounds

Flash vacuum pyrolysis of 1-(alkyn-2′-oyl)-3-methylpyrazoles at 650°/0.03 mm forms pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-ols, often in high yield, which may bear substituents at C2, C3 or C7. In the absence of a 3-methyl group in the precursor, N-ethynylpyrazoles are formed in low yield. The formation of both types of product is interpreted as involving 3-(N-pyrazolyl)propadienones formed by N1 → N2 migration of the N-alkynoyl group with inversion of the three-carbon chain. The fused-ring structure of 2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-ol (25) was established by X-ray crystallography of the O-benzoyl derivative (27).

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