Density and temperature effects on electron mobilities in gaseous butene isomers

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (20) ◽  
pp. 2716-2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Wada ◽  
Gordon R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Coexistence Curve ◽  
Inelastic Collisions ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Strength Formula ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
In Cis

The density normalized mobilities μn at low electric field strengths in the low density gases fall in the order trans-2- > cis-2- > 1- > isobutene. The respective values in the saturated vapors at 297 ± 1 K were 10.7, 4.4, 3.8, and 1.84 (1022 molecules/cm V s). The scattering cross section σv has a Ramsauer–Townsend-like minimum at an electron energy of 0.085 eV in trans-2-butene, 0.13 eV in cis-2-butene, 0.12 eV in 1-butene, and 0.16 eV in isobutene. The mobilities in the last three isomers increase with increasing temperature (300–500 K) and field strength [Formula: see text]. Temperature and field effects were smaller in trans-2-butene. The ratio of the field effect threshold drift velocity to the speed of sound in the low density gas is 14, 19, 20, and > 50 in iso-, 1-, cis-2-, and trans-2-butene, respectively, at 297 K. The electrons are de-energized mainly by inelastic collisions. Quasilocalization occurs to a similar extent in each of the isomers at densities [Formula: see text] and temperatures near the coexistence curve. Quasilocalization is characterized by large, negative values of ΔH and ΔS, and a small value of ΔG over a small temperature range.

Sensitized Fluorescence in Cadmium Induced in Collisions with Excited Hg Atoms

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (22) ◽  
pp. 2228-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Czajkowski ◽  
L. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Inelastic Collisions ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Resonance Fluorescence ◽  
Vapor Mixture ◽  
Sensitized Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
The Cross

The transfer of excitation energy induced in inelastic collisions between excited Hg atoms and ground-state Cd atoms was studied using methods of sensitized fluorescence. Hg atoms in a low-density Hg–Cd vapor mixture were excited with Hg 2537 Å resonance radiation to the 63P1 state and interacted with the Cd atoms which became collisionally excited to the 53P1 state and subsequently decayed emitting sensitized fluorescence. Measurements of relative intensities of Hg 2537 Å resonance fluorescence and Cd 3261 Å sensitized fluorescence yielded the cross section Q(63P1 → 53P1) = 4.6 × 10−2 Å2. The efficiency of the excitation transfer was enhanced by the addition of small quantities of N2 to the Hg–Cd system. The cross section for quenching of the Cd 53P1 state by collisions with N2 was found to be 1.7 Å2.

Sensitized fluorescence in zinc, induced in collisions with excited Hg atoms

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Czajkowski ◽  
L. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Inelastic Collisions ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Resonance Fluorescence ◽  
Vapor Mixture ◽  
Sensitized Fluorescence ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
The Cross

The transfer of excitation energy, induced in inelastic collisions between excited Hg atoms and ground state Zn atoms, was studied using methods of sensitized fluorescence. Hg atoms in a low density Hg–Zn mixture were excited with Hg 2537 Å resonance radiation to the 63P1 state, and interacted with the Zn atoms which became collisionally excited to the 43P1 state and then decayed emitting sensitized fluorescence. Measurements of relative intensities of Hg 2537 Å resonance fluorescence and Zn 3076 Å sensitized fluorescence yielded the cross section of 5.9 × 10−2 Å2 for Hg(63P1) → Zn(43P1) excitation transfer. The addition of small quantities of N2 to the Hg–Zn vapor mixture enhanced the efficiency of the transfer. The cross section for quenching of the Zn 43P1 state by collisions with N2 was found to be 0.19 Å2.

Author response for "TIM-3 and CEACAM1 do not interact in cis and in trans"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika De Sousa Linhares ◽  
Florian Kellner ◽  
Sabrina Jutz ◽  
Gerhard J. Zlabinger ◽  
Hans-Joachim Gabius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Author Response ◽  
In Trans ◽  
In Cis

scholarly journals A novel transvection phenomenon affecting the white gene of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
D Gubb ◽  
M Ashburner ◽  
J Roote ◽  
T Davis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Homologous Chromosome ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Hairpin Loop ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Inverted Order ◽  
In Trans ◽  
In Cis

Abstract The zeste mutation of Drosophila melanogaster suppresses the expression of white genes in the eye. This suppression is normally dependent on there being two copies of w+ located close to each other in the genome--they may either be in cis (as in a tandem duplication of w+) or in trans, i.e. on homologous chromosomes. Duplicated w+ genes carried by a giant transposing element, TE146(Z), are suppressed by z whether they are in direct (tandem) or inverted order. The tandem form of the TE is very sensitive to a rearrangement on the homologous chromosome--many rearrangements with breakpoints "opposite" the TE's insertion site prevent the interaction between the white genes on a z background. These aberrations act as dominant suppressors of zeste that are specific to the tandemly duplicated form of TE146(Z). The inverted form of the TE146(Z) presumably pairs as a hairpin loop; this is more stable than the tandem form by the criterion that its zeste phenotype is unaffected by any of the aberrations. This effect of rearrangements has been used as the basis for a screen, gamma-ray induced aberrations with at least one breakpoint opposite the TE site were recovered by their suppression of the zeste phenotype.

Condensation in a Variable Acceleration Field and the Condensing Thermosyphon

1965 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Chato
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Constant Cross Section ◽  
Linear Variation ◽  
Temperature Differential ◽  
Acceleration Field ◽  
Nusselt Numbers ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Limiting Values

The general problem of condensation in a variable acceleration field was investigated analytically. The case of the linear variation, which occurs in a constant cross section, rotating thermosyphon, was treated in detail. The results show that the condensate thickness and Nusselt numbers approach limiting values as the radial distance increases. The effects of the temperature differential and the Prandtl number are similar to those in other condensation problems; i.e., the heat transfer increases slightly with increasing temperature differential if Pr > 1, but it decreases with increasing temperature differential if Pr ≪ 1.

scholarly journals Determinants of Chromosome Architecture: Insulator Pairing in cis and in trans

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e1005889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Fujioka ◽  
Hemlata Mistry ◽  
Paul Schedl ◽  
James B. Jaynes
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Architecture ◽  
In Trans ◽  
In Cis

Contrasting Reactivity of 2-Mesityl-1,8-Naphthyridine (Mes-NP) with Singly-Bonded [RhII–RhII] and [RuI–RuI] Compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Saha ◽  
S. M. Wahidur Rahaman ◽  
Arup Sinha ◽  
Jitendra K. Bera
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Oxidation ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Steric Strain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Trans ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Olefination Reactions

Reaction of cis-[Rh2(CH3COO)2(CH3CN)6](BF4)2 with two equivalents of 2-mesityl-1,8-naphthyridine (Mes-NP) affords trans-[Rh2(CH3COO)2(Mes-NP)2](BF4)2 (1). X-ray structure reveals weak Rh–C(ipso) interaction, and a short Rh–Rh distance. The same ligand, in contrast, oxidatively cleaves the Ru–Ru bond in cis-[Ru2(CO)4(CH3CN)6](BF4)2 and results in trans-[Ru(Mes-NP)2(CH3CN)2](BF4)2 (2). Both compounds adopt trans geometry to relieve the steric strain. Compound 2 exhibits moderate activity for the alcohol oxidation and aldehyde olefination reactions.

scholarly journals Means of self-preservation: how an intrinsically disordered ubiquitin-protein ligase averts self-destruction

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. Fredrickson ◽  
Sarah V. Clowes Candadai ◽  
Cheuk Ho Tam ◽  
Richard G. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Binding ◽  
Proteasomal Degradation ◽  
Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Key Residues ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Disordered Regions

Ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that ubiquitinate substrates for proteasomal degradation are often in the position of ubiquitinating themselves due to interactions with a charged ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2). This can mediate the E3’s proteasomal degradation. Many E3s have evolved means to avoid autoubiquitination, including protection by partner or substrate binding, preventative modifications, and deubiquitinating enzyme reversal of ubiquitination. Here we describe another adaptation for E3 self-protection discovered while exploring San1, which ubiquitinates misfolded nuclear proteins in yeast for proteasomal degradation. San1 is highly disordered in its substrate-binding regions N- and C-terminal to its RING domain. In cis autoubiquitination could occur if these flexible regions come in proximity to the E2. San1 prevents this by containing no lysines in its disordered regions; thus the canonical residue used for ubiquitin attachment has been selectively eliminated. San1’s target substrates have lost their native structures and expose hydrophobicity. To avoid in trans autoubiquitination, San1 possesses little concentrated hydrophobicity in its disordered regions, and thus the that feature San1 recognizes in misfolded substrates has also been selectively eliminated. Overall the presence of key residues in San1 have been evolutionarily minimized to avoid self-destruction either in cis or in trans. Our work expands the ways in which E3s protect themselves from autoubiquitination.

The Effect of Heterologous Insertions on Gene Conversion in Mitotically Dividing Cells in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Angela M Coveny ◽  
Tammy Dray ◽  
Gregory B Gloor
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Double Strand Break ◽  
P Element ◽  
Double Strand Break Repair ◽  
Break Site ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Break Repair ◽  
In Cis

Abstract We examined the influence that heterologous sequences of different sizes have on the frequency of double-strand-break repair by gene conversion in Drosophila melanogaster. We induced a double-strand break on one X chromosome in female flies by P-element excision. These flies contained heterologous insertions of various sizes located 238 bp from the break site in cis or in trans to the break, or both. We observed a significant decrease in double-strand-break repair with large heterologous insertions located either in cis or in trans to the break. Reestablishing the homology by including the same heterologous sequence in cis and in trans to the double-strand break restored the frequency of gene conversion to wild-type levels. In one instance, an allelic nonhomologous insertion completely abolished repair by homologous recombination. The results show that the repair of a double-strand break by gene conversion requires chromosome pairing in the local region of the double-strand break.

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