scholarly journals Thermochemical measurement of the ligand field splitting energies for hexaaquocopper(II) and hexaamminecopper(II)ions

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (15) ◽  
pp. 1926-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Badri ◽  
James W. S. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Ligand Field ◽  
Heat Of Solution ◽  
Ammine Complexes ◽  
Field Splitting ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Right

The vacuum dehydration of copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate has been shown to pass through the transitory trihydrate state before proceeding to the monohydrate composition. Based on this, the heat of solution data for the high-energy modification hydrates have been reinterpreted and the low-energy crystalline hydrates of various compositions have been prepared and their heats of solution measured. From the heat of solution data the maximum energy difference expressed in kcal/mol heptahydrate appears to be of the right order of magnitude to be regarded as the ligand field splitting energy for the hexaaquocopper(II) ion. Similar measurement for the ammine complexes of copper(II) sulphate has also been done and the maximum energy difference was found to agree well with the value of LFSE obtained by spectroscopic method.

Thermochemical measurement of the ligand field splitting energies for hexaammine complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), and Zn(II)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (20) ◽  
pp. 3530-3535
Author(s):  
M. Badri ◽  
J. W. S. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ligand Field ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Heat Of Solution ◽  
Field Splitting ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Splitting Energy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Order

Various lower ammines and high-energy modifications of lower ammines of the sulphates of Mn(II), Fe(II), and Zn(II) have been prepared and their heats of solution have been measured. For each of these ammine systems, the maximum difference in heat of solution, expressed in kcal/mol of heptaammine, has been found to be of the right order of magnitude to be regarded as the ligand field splitting energy for the hexaammine complex of the metal ion.

Ligand field splitting energies of the hexaamminecobalt(II) ion and the hexaamminenickel(II) ion measured by a calorimetric method

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 2177-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badri Muhammad ◽  
J. W. S. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Close Agreement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Calorimetric Method ◽  
Ligand Field ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Heat Of Solution ◽  
Field Splitting ◽  
Heats Of Solution ◽  
Splitting Energy

Various normal lower ammines and high-energy modifications of the lower ammines of cobalt(II) sulfate and nickel(II) sulfate have been prepared and the heats of solution in dilute ammonia have been measured for both types. For each of these ammine systems the maximum difference in heat of solution, expressed as kcal/mole of each heptaammine, between the high-energy and the normal salts has been found to be in close agreement with the ligand field splitting energy of the hexaamminemetal(II) ion.

HIGH ENERGY MODIFICATIONS OF THE HYDRATES OF ZINC SULFATE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 3129-3132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. S. Jamieson ◽  
R. A. Lamontagne ◽  
Barbara A. Pattern ◽  
G. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Ligand Field ◽  
Field Splitting ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Heats Of Solution ◽  
Splitting Energy ◽  
Heat Of Transition ◽  
Vacuum Dehydration

Much higher heats of solution than have previously been observed for hydrates of zinc sulfate have been measured for various new vacuum dehydration products. It is suggested that the maximum heat of transition to normal crystalline form of 82.8 cal/g, 23.8 kcal per mole of heptahydrate, or 8.3 × 103 cm−1 is a satisfactory measure of the ligand field splitting energy for the hexaaquozinc(II) ion.

POSSIBLE CALORIMETRIC METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF THE LIGAND FIELD SPLITTING ENERGIES FOR THE HEXAAQUO CATIONS OF SOME TRANSITION ELEMENTS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 2148-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. S. Jamieson ◽  
G. R. Brown ◽  
D. W. Gruener ◽  
R. V. Peiluck ◽  
R. A. LaMontagne
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ligand Field ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Field Splitting ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Heats Of Solution ◽  
Vacuum Dehydration ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

High energy modifications of the lower hydrates of the divalent sulfates of manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel have been prepared by vacuum dehydration. The heats of solution of these materials have been measured and compared with the heats of solution of the normal crystalline lower hydrates. The maximum heats of transition appear to be proportional to the ligand field splitting energies for the corresponding hexaaquo divalent cations, although theoretical justification for this correlation is not yet obvious.

scholarly journals Energy Difference Of High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves Amplitude In Detecting Buried Objects At Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Thuan Van Nguyen ◽  
Cuong Van Anh Le
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Buried Objects ◽  
Erroneous Result ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Ground penetrating radar method (GPR) is common place in imaging buried objects, such as: supply water and drainage systems, electric and telecom cables. For shallow geology, GPR method has provided high-resolution sections containing subsurface information. In processing data, the velocity of GPR wave is the most important parameter. It helps to exactly specify the structure of a geology sections. Defining a wrong velocity may lead to an erroneous result. In this research, we are going to present two processing steps to define the electromagnetic wave velocity and the position of object from GPR data that was acquired by using a shield antenna machine prototype. The first step is application of Kirchhoff migration and energy difference graphs to calculate the electromagnetic wave velocity. In the second step, the result of migrated sections consisting of hyperbole diffraction was evaluated. If migrated using the right velocity, the diffracted hyperbola will focus on its peak and have the maximum energy. Finally, we used the workflow to define the velocity, the position and the size of the object from real GPR data collected at Go Vap district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

scholarly journals Penetration of MeV electrons into the mesosphere accompanying pulsating aurorae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miyoshi ◽  
K. Hosokawa ◽  
S. Kurita ◽  
S.-I. Oyama ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Whistler Mode ◽  
Chorus Waves ◽  
Mesospheric Ozone ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Eiscat Radar

AbstractPulsating aurorae (PsA) are caused by the intermittent precipitations of magnetospheric electrons (energies of a few keV to a few tens of keV) through wave-particle interactions, thereby depositing most of their energy at altitudes ~ 100 km. However, the maximum energy of precipitated electrons and its impacts on the atmosphere are unknown. Herein, we report unique observations by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar showing electron precipitations ranging from a few hundred keV to a few MeV during a PsA associated with a weak geomagnetic storm. Simultaneously, the Arase spacecraft has observed intense whistler-mode chorus waves at the conjugate location along magnetic field lines. A computer simulation based on the EISCAT observations shows immediate catalytic ozone depletion at the mesospheric altitudes. Since PsA occurs frequently, often in daily basis, and extends its impact over large MLT areas, we anticipate that the PsA possesses a significant forcing to the mesospheric ozone chemistry in high latitudes through high energy electron precipitations. Therefore, the generation of PsA results in the depletion of mesospheric ozone through high-energy electron precipitations caused by whistler-mode chorus waves, which are similar to the well-known effect due to solar energetic protons triggered by solar flares.

scholarly journals PROMPT BETA SPECTROSCOPY AS A DIAGNOSTIC FOR MIX IN IGNITED NIF CAPSULES

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1029-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. HAYES ◽  
GERARD JUNGMAN ◽  
J. C. SOLEM ◽  
P. A. BRADLEY ◽  
R. S. RUNDBERG
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Shell Material ◽  
National Ignition Facility ◽  
Confinement Fusion ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Beta Spectroscopy ◽  
Fundamental Physical ◽  
Beta Emission

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) technology is designed to drive deuterium–tritium (DT) internal confinement fusion (ICF) targets to ignition using indirect radiation from laser beam energy captured in a hohlraum. Hydrodynamical instabilities at interfaces in the ICF capsule leading to mix between the DT fuel and the ablator shell material are of fundamental physical interest and can affect the performance characteristics of the capsule. Here we describe new radiochemical diagnostics for mix processes in ICF capsules with plastic or Be (0.9% Cu ) ablator shells. Reactions of high-energy tritons with shell material produce high-energy β-emitters. We show that mix between the DT fuel and the shell material enhances high-energy prompt beta emission from these reactions by more than an order of magnitude over that expected in the absence of mix. We further show how a mix signal could be detectable in an ignition failure regime corresponding to yields greater than about 2 kJ.

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