Further studies of the specificity of carboxypeptidase A towards hippuric acid esters

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 2188-2193
Author(s):  
John W. Bunting ◽  
Samuel S.-T. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Hippuric Acid ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
Hydrophobic Pocket ◽  
Substrate Activation ◽  
Kinetics Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Acid Esters

The kinetics of hydrolysis of a series of 10 new hippurate esters (C6H5CONHCH2CO2CRR1CO2H (I)) by bovine pancreatic carboxypeptidase A have been investigated at pH 7.5, 25 °C, and ionic strength 0.5. Pronounced substrate inhibition was displayed by I: R = H, R1 = C6H5(CH2)2, 3-indolylmethyl, 4-HOC6H4CH2, and 4-FC6H4 whereas pronounced substrate activation was observed for I: R = H, R1 = 4-CH3C6H4, 4-C2H5C6H4, 4-C6H5C6H4, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, and R = R1 = C2H5. In all cases substrate activation and substrate inhibition were shown to be consistent with ES2 complex formation similar to that previously observed for other hippurate esters. Kinetic parameters were evaluated for each ester and it is noted that ail 13 hippurate esters now known to display substrate inhibition have kcat/Km > 106 M−1 min−1, whereas kcat/km < 106 M−1 min−1 for all 9 hippurate esters known to display substrate activation. The enzymic specificity for the R1 unit of I suggests binding of R1 in a 'bent' hydrophobic pocket having a restricted entrance.

scholarly journals Substrate Inhibition in the Hydrolysis of Hippuric Acid Esters by Carboxypeptidase A

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Murphy ◽  
John W. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Hippuric Acid ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
Substrate Activation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
Acid Esters

The dependence of initial velocity upon substrate concentration has been examined in the carboxypeptidase A catalyzed hydrolysis of the following hippuric acid esters (at pH 7.5, 25°, ionic strength O.5): C6H5CONHCH2CO2CHRCO2H: R=CH3; CH2CH3;(CH2)2CH3; (CH2)3CH3; (CH2)5CH3; CH(CH3)2; CH2CH(CH3)2; C6H5; CH2C6H5. All of these esters display marked substrate inhibition of their enzymic hydrolyses. With the exception of R=CH3, the velocity-substrate concentration profiles for each of these esters can be rationalized by the formation of an E.S2 complex which, independent of the alcohol moiety of the ester, reacts approximately 25 times more slowly than the E.S complex. For most of these esters, the formation of E.S2 approximates ordered binding of the substrate molecules at the catalytic and inhibitory sites. While binding at the catalytic site is markedly dependent on the nature of the R group, binding of a second substrate molecule to E.S is not significantly affected by the nature of the R side chain. For R=C6H5, the D ester is neither a substrate nor a competitive inhibitor of the hydrolysis of the L-ester but can replace the L-ester at the binding site which is responsible for substrate inhibition. The kinetic analysis suggests that this behavior of D and L -enantiomers is also typical of the other esters examined (except possibly R=CH3). For R=CH3 only, substrate activation also seems to occur prior to the onset of substrate inhibition at higher substrate concentrations.

The Hydrolysis of Esters Related to O-Hippuryl-2-hydroxybutanoic Acid by Carboxypeptidase A

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (14) ◽  
pp. 2640-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Bunting ◽  
Joe Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Hydroxybutanoic Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Acid Esters

The hydrolysis of each of the following esters by bovine carboxypeptidase A has been studied at pH 7.5, 25°, ionic strength 0.5: O-hippuryl-, O-phenaceturyl-, O-aceturyl-, O-(N-methylhippuryl)-, and O-(N-hippurylglycyl)-2-hydroxybutanoic acids, and 2-(3-benzoylpropanoxy)-, 2-benzoxyacetoxy-, and 2-(4-phenylbutanoxy)butanoic acids. Substrate inhibition occurs with only the hippuric and phenaceturic acid esters and in the six other cases simple Michaelis–Menten kinetics are observed. The relatively minor variations in the structures of the acid moieties of these esters lead to quite large variations in Km, although kcat seems to be relatively independent of the nature of the acid moiety. Binding modes of substrate molecules at both the catalytic and inhibitory sites are discussed in the light of these observations.

Kinetics of hydrolysis of peroxodisulphate ions in acidic medium to peroxomonosulphuric acid

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Balej ◽  
Milada Thumová
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Starting Solution ◽  
Kinetics Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The rate of hydrolysis of S2O82- ions in acidic medium to peroxomonosulphuric acid was measured at 20 and 30 °C. The composition of the starting solution corresponded to the anolyte flowing out from an electrolyser for production of this acid or its ammonium salt at various degrees of conversion and starting molar ratios of sulphuric acid to ammonium sulphate. The measured data served to calculate the rate constants at both temperatures on the basis of the earlier proposed mechanism of the hydrolysis, and their dependence on the ionic strength was studied.

Mechanistic Information from the Effect of Pressure on the Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Iodopentaaquochromium(III) Ion

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 3697-3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Cornelius Weekes ◽  
Thomas Wilson Swaddle
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Aqueous Hclo ◽  
Conjugate Base

The rate of hydrolysis of iodopentaaquochromium(III) ion has been measured as a function of pressure (0.1 to 250 MPa) and hydrogen ion concentration (0.1 to 1.0 mol kg−1) at 298.2 K and ionic strength 1.0 mol kg−1 (aqueous HClO4–LiClO4). The volumes of activation for the acid independent and inversely acid dependent hydrolysis pathways are −5.4 ± 0.5 and −1.6 ± 0.3 cm3 mol−1 respectively, and are not detectably pressure-dependent. Consideration of these values, together with the molar volume change of −3.3 ± 0.3 cm3 mol−1 determined dilatometrically for the completed hydrolysis reaction, indicates that the mechanisms of the two pathways are associative interchange (Ia) and dissociative conjugate base (Dcb) respectively.

Substrate Activation in the Carboxypeptidase A Catalysis of Ester Hydrolysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (23) ◽  
pp. 3829-3836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Murphy ◽  
John W. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Mandelic Acid ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
Substrate Activation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
Acid Unit ◽  
Reaction Schemes

The hydrolyses of the O-hippuryl derivatives of glycolic acid (1a), 2-methyllactic acid (1b), and p-chloromandelic acid (1c) by bovine carboxypeptidase A display substrate activation. The hydrolyses of the latter two esters also display substrate inhibition at high substrate concentrations (>0.03 and >0.05 M respectively). Partial kinetic analyses are presented, and these phenomena are discussed in terms of reaction schemes which involve substrate binding at both activating and inhibiting regulatory sites.The hydrolysis of 1b by this enzyme is the first indication that the presence of a hydrogen atom on the α-carbon atom of the alcohol moiety is not obligatory for ester substrates of carboxypeptidase A. The binding of 1c at the catalytic site is approximately 1000 times weaker than for O-hippurylmandelic acid and indicates a dramatic influence for the p-chloro substituent on the binding of the phenyl ring of the mandelic acid unit.

The pH dependence of the hydrolysis of hippuric acid esters by carboxypeptidase A

Biochemistry ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 3237-3244 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Bunting ◽  
Samuel S. T. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Hippuric Acid ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Carboxypeptidase A ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Acid Esters
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