Thermodynamics of the salting effect; free energies, enthalpies, entropies, heat capacities, and volumes of the ternary systems electrolyte–alcohol–water at 25 °C

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Perron ◽  
Daniel Joly ◽  
Jacques E. Desnoyers ◽  
Lévon Avédikian ◽  
Jean-Pierre Morel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Scaled Particle Theory ◽  
Enthalpies Of Solution ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Alcohol Water

The thermodynamic pair interaction parameters of the ternary systems electrolyte (alkali halides and tetraalkylammonium bromides)–nonelectrolyte (n-alcohols and tert-butylalcohol)–water were measured at 25 °C through enthalpies of solution, of mixing and of dilution, densities and heat capacities per unit volume. Some freezing point and electromotive force data were also combined with previously published data to obtain free energies. From these pair parameters the complete thermodynamics of the salting in and salting out of alcohols can be derived and were used to test various theoretical approaches. Most results are consistent with the cosphere overlap structural model, and the various trends can also be correlated through the scaled-particle theory.

Enthalpies, heat capacities, and volumes of transfer of the tetrabutylammonium ion from water to aqueous mixed solvents from the point of view of the scaled-particle theory

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (23) ◽  
pp. 3800-3808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Desrosiers ◽  
Jacques E. Desnoyers
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scaled Particle Theory ◽  
Particle Theory ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Ion ◽  
Tert Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Water

The enthalpies, heat capacities, and volumes of transfer of the tetrabutylammonium ion from water to urea–water, tert-butyl alcohol–water, and sodium chloride–water mixtures have been calculated at 25 °C using the scaled-particle theory. In general, the signs, magnitudes, and overall trends in the cosolvent concentration dependence of the properties are predicted from the cavity contributions only. These calculations are found to be very sensitive to the diameters chosen for the various species.For these calculations it was necessary to measure with a dilatometer the coefficients of thermal expansion of tert-butyl alcohol–water mixtures as a function of concentration and temperature.

scholarly journals Use of scaled-particle theory in the assessment of the Ph4As+/Ph4B− assumption for single ions

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Abraham ◽  
Asadollah Nasehzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Scaled Particle Theory ◽  
Cavity Formation ◽  
Energy Term ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Particle Theory ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Energy Of Interaction ◽  
Solvent Molecules

A novel method for the assessment of the Ph4As+/Ph4B− assumption for free energies of transfer of single ions has recently been suggested by Treiner, and used by him to deduce that the assumption is not valid for transfers between water, propylene carbonate, sulpholane, dimethylsulphoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and perhaps also dimethylformamide. The basis of the method is the estimation of the free energy of cavity formation by scaled-particle theory, together with the hypothesis that the free energy of interaction of Ph4As+ (or Ph4B−) with solvent molecules is the same in all solvents, ΔGt0(int) = 0. It is shown in the present paper that (a) whether or not the Ph4As+/Ph4B− assumption applies to transfer to a given solvent depends on which other solvent is taken as the reference solvent in Treiner's method, (b) the calculation of the cavity free energy term by scaled-particle theory and by the theory of Sinanoglu – Reisse – Moura Ramos (SRMR) yields values so different that the method cannot be considered reliable, (c) the calculation of cavity enthalpies and entropies for Ph4As+ or Ph4B− by scaled-particle theory yields results that are chemically not reasonable, (d) the hypothesis that ΔGt0(int) = 0 conflicts with SRMR theory, and (e) the conclusions reached by Treiner are not in accord with recent work that in general supports the Ph4As+/Ph4B− assumption for solvents that are rejected by Treiner.

scholarly journals The multivariate calculation of material balances of flowsheets for separating ternary mixtures of different physical-chemical nature

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Frolkova ◽  
M. A. Ablizin ◽  
M. A. Mayevskiy ◽  
A. K. Frolkova
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Alcohol Water

An approach to the determination of free variables required for calculating the material balance of the flowsheet of ternary mixtures separation is presented. Phase diagrams of the considered ternary systems are characterized by the presence of a two-phase splitting area and by the presence of different amounts of azeotropes (classes 3.1.0, 3.1.1, 3.2.1 and 3.3.1). For all the systems flowsheets containing three rectification columns and a florentine vessel for separation were suggested. The multivariance of the solution of the balance problem was shown. The approach was illustrated by the example of real ternary systems characterized by different phase diagrams (methanol - chloroform - water, butyl alcohol - water - toluene, nitromethane - hexane - water). The parameters of the rectification columns were presented.

scholarly journals Activity measurement of solid Cu-In alloys by EMF method with solid electrolyte

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Katayama ◽  
K. Miyakusu ◽  
T. Iida
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Thermodynamic Activity ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Emf Method ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Temperature Range

The thermodynamic activity of indium in the solid Cu-In alloys was obtained from the EMF measurement of cell: In,In2O3, ZrO2(+11mol%CaO), Cu-In,In2O3 for 16 alloys in the temperature range 773 to 900K. Activity changes with composition at 823K are very large in the and - phase regions. Activity and free energies of formation are derived and compared with the published data.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY OF BUSINESS ON THE BASIS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Pavlo Hrynko
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Digital Strategy ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Practical Recommendations

This paper is a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the provisions for the transformation of business in the digital economy and the development of practical recommendations for the formation of an organization’s digital strategy. The characteristic features of changes in consumer behavior that contribute to improving the business management model in the digital economy through the development and implementation of a digital strategy are highlighted. The relevance of theoretical and methodological recommendations and organizational provisions of compositional management and the creation of a fundamentally new enterprise management subsystem are substantiated. Theoretical approaches to improving the organizational structure of enterprises in the digital economy are investigated. The goal and main trends in the field of human resources management are identified, which must be taken into account when forming the organization's digital strategy. The research models of the roadmap of digital transformation of the business, as well as the structural model of the digital development of the business model of the enterprise are presented.

Heat capacities and volumes of some non-electrolytes in N,N-dimethylformamide at 298.15 K

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2810-2814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Piekarski
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Scaled Particle Theory ◽  
Partial Molal Volume ◽  
Cavity Formation ◽  
Particle Theory ◽  
Molal Volume ◽  
Analogous Data ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Apparent Molal Heat Capacities

Heat capacities and densities of dilute solutions of formamide, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol, and 2-ethoxyethanol in N,N-dimethylformamide were determined at 298.15 K. Apparent molal heat capacities and volumes for these solutes in DMF were calculated and compared with the analogous data for other substances in DMF solution as well as with the data concerning solutions in methanol and water. Heat capacities of cavity formation (ΔCcav) in DMF were calculated on the basis of the Scaled Particle Theory. ΔCcav appeared to be linearly correlated with the standard partial molal volume of corresponding solutes in DMF. Similar dependences were also found for aqueous and methanolic solutions of the non-electrolytes.

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