Limiting equivalent conductances for selected substituted ammonium ions in water

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (22) ◽  
pp. 3850-3856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Teresa Lobo ◽  
Ross Elmore Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Adjacent Water ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
Limiting Equivalent Conductances

The temperature dependence of the limiting equivalent conductances of the ions 2-methoxyethylammonium, bis-2-methoxyethylammonium, 3-methoxypropylammonium, piperidinium, quinuclidinium, cyclohexylammonium, and diethylammonium have been determined over the range 5–45 °C. The probable effect of these ions on the adjacent water structure has been explored in terms of an approach used by Kay and co-workers and the behaviour in water has been compared with that of other alkylammonium ions.

Hydratation und hydrophobe Wechselwirkung der Ionen in Polyelektrolyten mit einer Folgerung bezüglich der biologischen Membranen

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zundel ◽  
A. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Alkali Ions ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium

The OH stretching vibration of the water molecules in membranes of salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid is investigated by IR spectroscopy. In the series of the alkali ions anomalous behaviour of the position of this band is to be seen. If one compares the position of this band with the corresponding one in pure liquid water this anomality is to be understood like follows: From Li⊕ to Cs⊕ in a progressing degree the molecules of water are not still attached between cation and neighboring anions, but they are present as network of „pure“ water structure cross-linked by hydrogen bonds in the neighbourhood of the ions. A similar situation but to an even greater extend is found in the presence of alkyl ammonium ions. These ions are interacting more strongly with the - SO3⊝ ions. The reasons for this are given. By these results it is understandable that in biological membranes the alkyl ammonium group of the lecithins and sphingomyelines - as postulated by FINEAN - are turned away the surface inwardly in the membran. In the end the different hydration behaviour of the Na⊕ and K⊕ ions is discussed.

scholarly journals Temperature dependence of water structure in carbon nanotubes

TANSO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (258) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Sei-ichi Taira ◽  
Shotaro Yamamoto ◽  
Natsuko Kojima ◽  
Hirofumi Kanoh ◽  
Tomonori Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Water Structure

Temperature perturbed water structure modification by d(−)-fructose at different concentrations

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (92) ◽  
pp. 50906-50913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanjina Afrin ◽  
Noushaba Nusrat Mafy ◽  
M. Muhibur Rahman ◽  
M. Yousuf A. Mollah ◽  
M. A. B. H. Susan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Structure Modification

Temperature dependence of water structure modification has been studied at different d(−)-fructose concentrations by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.

Temperature dependence of water structure in carbon nanotubes

Carbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Sei-ichi Taira ◽  
Shotaro Yamamoto ◽  
Natsuko Kojima ◽  
Hirofumi Kanoh ◽  
Tomonori Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Water Structure

Temperature Dependence of the Critical Electron Dose for Fatty Acid Monolayers

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strong Temperature Dependence ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Covalent Bonds

The structural damage of molecules irradiated by electrons is generally considered to occur in two steps. The direct result of inelastic scattering events is the disruption of covalent bonds. Following changes in bond structure, movement of the constituent atoms produces permanent distortions of the molecules. Since at least the second step should show a strong temperature dependence, it was to be expected that cooling a specimen should extend its lifetime in the electron beam. This result has been found in a large number of experiments, but the degree to which cooling the specimen enhances its resistance to radiation damage has been found to vary widely with specimen types.

Temperature Dependence of Magnetic Domains and Wall Structures

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Sonoko Tsukahara ◽  
Tadami Taoka ◽  
Hisao Nishizawa
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
Iron Film ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Lorentz Microscopy ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
Metallurgical Structure

The high voltage Lorentz microscopy was successfully used to observe changes with temperature; of domain structures and metallurgical structures in an iron film set on the hot stage combined with a goniometer. The microscope used was the JEM-1000 EM which was operated with the objective lens current cut off to eliminate the magnetic field in the specimen position. Single crystal films with an (001) plane were prepared by the epitaxial growth of evaporated iron on a cleaved (001) plane of a rocksalt substrate. They had a uniform thickness from 1000 to 7000 Å.The figure shows the temperature dependence of magnetic domain structure with its corresponding deflection pattern and metallurgical structure observed in a 4500 Å iron film. In general, with increase of temperature, the straight domain walls decrease in their width (at 400°C), curve in an iregular shape (600°C) and then vanish (790°C). The ripple structures with cross-tie walls are observed below the Curie temperature.

Landmine clearance-its probable effect on Angolan biodiversity

Oryx ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Christopher R. S. Barrio Frojan ◽  
Alfried P. Volger
Keyword(s):  
Probable Effect
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