Electrochemical Behavior of the Lead Electrode in HCl and NaCl Aqueous Electrolytes

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigio Germano Barradas ◽  
Keith Belinko ◽  
John Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Aqueous Chloride ◽  
Hcl Concentration

The electrochemical properties of lead electrodes in aqueous chloride solutions were experimentally investigated over a range of 0.1 to 6.0 M HCl with the aim of extending previous work carried out only at 1.0 M HCl concentration. Experimental results using the rotating disc electrode technique, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic and potentiostatic charging conditions were employed in conjunction with spectroscopic studies of the electrolyte and X-ray powder diffraction analyses of electrode surface products. Experiments were also carried out in simulated sea water (3% NaCl) at different pH and compared with results obtained using HCl at the same molar concentration. At all chloride concentrations the overall reaction led to the formation of PbCl2 on the electrode surface, with the exception that in NaCl solutions where pH ≥ 6.5, Pb(OH)Cl was found to be one of the products. For concentrations of less than 0.4 M HCl, our results indicated that the diffusion of chloride ions to the electrode surface was the limiting factor in the formation of a passivating PbCl2 layer. At concentrations of about 0.7 M HCl, the electrochemical behavior showed a pattern of results which were interpreted in terms of a "passivation–dissolution" competitive mechanism consistent with the solubility minimum of PbCl2 in aqueous chloride solutions.

CRONIFER 1713 LCN

Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Aqueous Chloride

Abstract CRONIFER 1713 LCN is a fully austenitic low-carbon chromium-nickel-molybdenum stainless steel. It contains a nitrogen addition (0.10-0.20%) which helps to stabilize the austenite. Its molybdenum content (4.0-5.0%) provides good resistance to pitting attack by media containing chloride ions. Thus it has good resistance to brackish water and seawater. Typical applications are bleaching plants and equipment for handling aqueous chloride solutions. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-425. Producer or source: Vereingte Deutsche Metallwerke AG.

scholarly journals Electrochemical behavior of AgCu50 in alkaline media in the presence of chlorides and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Grekulovic ◽  
M. Rajcic-Vujasinovic ◽  
A. Mitovski
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Pure Silver ◽  
Current Densities

Electrochemical behavior of an alloy AgCu50, pure copper, and pure silver, respectively, was investigated by measuring the open circuit potentials using anodic potentiodynamic polarization and potentiostatic method in 0.1 moldm-3 NaOH + 0.02 moldm-3 NaCl solution, without and with adding 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in various concentrations (0.00001 - 0.001 moldm-3). Anodic polarization curves for AgCu50 alloy, showed four current peaks. Potentiostatic curves showed that values of the stationary current densities drop down with the increase of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole concentration in the electrolyte. The electrode surface was analyzed by optical microscopy after the potentiostatic oxidation. Micrographs confirmed that 2-mercaptobenzothiazole has got the inhibitory effect by forming the film of CuMBT and AgMBT which protect the electrode surface from corrosion.

The accumulation of 137Cs by brackish water invertebrates and its relation to the regulation of potassium and sodium

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potamopyrgus Jenkinsi

The relationship between the ability of brackish water invertebrates to regulate Na and K and the extent to which the radioactive fission product 137Cs can be accumulated has been studied.The brackish water isopod Sphaeroma hookeri and the gastropod Potamopyrgus jenkinsi have been acclimatised to a wide range of sea-water dilutions. Unfed Sphaeroma can survive in sea-water concentrations of 100–2·5%, while Potamopyrgus can live fairly indefinitely in concentrations of 50–0·1%. Measurements of Na and K in the whole animals of both species and in the blood of Sphaeroma have been made. Salt movements are quite rapid and acclimatization to new media is achieved by both species in less than 10 h. Concentration factors for inactive K in particular increase to high values in the more dilute media.Uptake of the isotopes 42K and 137Cs from solution has been examined in both species over a range of sea-water concentrations. All of the body K is exchangeable with 42K and in Sphaeroma exchange of 42K between the blood and tissues is so rapid that the body surface appears to be the limiting factor in the uptake of the isotope. Both species exchange 42K more rapidly in the higher concentrations of sea water and one reason for this may be the existence of an exchange diffusion component of exchange which increases as the salinity of the medium is raised. Indirect evidence suggests that the excretion of 42K in urine is probably not an important factor in exchange.

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