Effect of Electron Scavenger on the γ-Radiolysis of Gaseous Propane at High Densities

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (23) ◽  
pp. 3966-3969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Nishikawa ◽  
Yoh-ichi Yamaguchi ◽  
Kazuo Fujita ◽  
Kazunori Kon ◽  
Tetsuro Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Density ◽  
Hydrogen Formation ◽  
Electron Pairs ◽  
Electron Scavenger ◽  
Similar Decrease

Hydrogen formation from γ-radiolysis of gaseous propane at 120 ± 1 °C was studied as the function of density in the range from 0.1 to 0.5 g/ml. G(H2) gradually decreased with density from 8.0 at 0.12 g/ml towards the liquid-phase value of 6.4 at room temperature. G(H2) in the presence of SF6 showed similar decrease from 3.9 to 3.0. The decrease was discussed in comparison to the abrupt drop in G-values from the radiolysis of ammonia at high density (11). The separation distances of ion–electron pairs were estimated from the analysis of the electron scavenging reaction.

scholarly journals γ-Radiolysis of cyclohexane with electron scavengers. VII. Perfluorocyclohexane and perfluorobenzene as electron scavengers

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. 2655-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Sagert ◽  
J. A. Reid ◽  
R. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Electron Capture ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Large Change ◽  
Electron Scavenger ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
Neutralization Process ◽  
Temperature Liquid

The room temperature, liquid phase radiolysis of cyclohexane has been investigated using perfluorocyclohexane (C6F12) and perfluorobenzene (C6F6) as electron scavengers. Yields of the respective monohydrofluorocarbons were investigated over several orders of magnitude scavenger concentration. The C6F11H yield from the C6F12–cyclohexane system has previously been shown to result from electron capture by C6F12. The data over the extended concentration range were used to calculate a total ion yield of 4.3 ± 0.2 G units and a free ion yield of 0.14 ± 0.02 G units. With C6F6 as an electron scavenger, hydrogen, cyclohexene, and dicyclohexyl yields were all reduced. However, C6F5H yields were much lower than the C6F11H yields from C6F12. On changing the neutralization step by adding the proton scavenger ethanol, C6F5H yields were obtained equal to the C6F11H yields from C6F12. Thus C6F6 is as efficient an electron scavenger as C6F12. Since a change in the neutralization process produces a large change in yield, it is likely that C6F5H (or C6F5) is produced in the neutralization process.

γ-Radiolysis of cyclohexane with electron scavengers. IV. CO2 as an electron scavenger

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Sagert
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electron Scavenger ◽  
Rate Of Reaction ◽  
Temperature Liquid

The room temperature liquid phase radiolysis of cyclohexane has been examined in the presence of CO2 and of CO2 with N2O. CO2 decreases the yields of all major products by scavenging electrons. It is concluded that the CO2 anion does not dissociate and that no precursors of cyclohexyl radicals are formed when it is finally neutralized by a hydrocarbon cation. No evidence that CO2 acts as an efficient O− scavenger in liquid phase cyclohexane was found. Its rate of reaction with O− appears comparable to its rate of reaction with electrons.

γ-Radiolysis of hydrocarbons using perfluorocyclohexane as an electron scavenger: determination of the free ion yields

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 2429-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Sagert ◽  
J. A. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electron Scavenger ◽  
Free Ion ◽  
Temperature Liquid ◽  
Ion Yields ◽  
Good Agreement

The room temperature, liquid phase radiolysis of n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-pentane has been examined using perfluorocyclohexane as an electron scavenger. Yields of C6F11H and C6F11CH3 were determined for scavenger concentrations below 5 × 10−3 M, and from these results free ion yields of 0.08, 0.17, and 0.37 G units were deduced for n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, respectively. These results are in good agreement with those obtained by other methods.

The Reactivity of Different Active Forms of Sodium Carbonate with Respect to Sulfur Dioxide

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302-2308
Author(s):  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Active Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with sulfur dioxide depends on the microstructure of the solid, which in turn is affected by the way and conditions of its preparation. The active form, analogous to that obtained by thermal decomposition of NaHCO3, emerges from the dehydration of Na2CO3 . 10 H2O in a vacuum or its weathering in air at room temperature. The two active forms are porous and have approximately the same specific surface area. Partial hydration of the active Na2CO3 in air at room temperature followed by thermal dehydration does not bring about a significant decrease in reactivity. On the other hand, if the preparation of anhydrous Na2CO3 involves, partly or completely, the liquid phase, the reactivity of the product is substantially lower.

scholarly journals Preparation of Li3PS4–Li3PO4 Solid Electrolytes by Liquid-Phase Shaking for All-Solid-State Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Nguyen H. H. Phuc ◽  
Takaki Maeda ◽  
Tokoharu Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Muto ◽  
Atsunori Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Angle Spinning

A solid solution of a 100Li3PS4·xLi3PO4 solid electrolyte was easily prepared by liquid-phase synthesis. Instead of the conventional solid-state synthesis methods, ethyl propionate was used as the reaction medium. The initial stage of the reaction among Li2S, P2S5 and Li3PO4 was proved by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the solid solution was formed up to x = 6. At x = 20, XRD peaks of Li3PO4 were detected in the prepared sample after heat treatment at 170 °C. However, the samples obtained at room temperature showed no evidence of Li3PO4 remaining for x = 20. Solid phosphorus-31 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results proved the formation of a POS33− unit in the sample with x = 6. Improvements of ionic conductivity at room temperature and activation energy were obtained with the formation of the solid solution. The sample with x = 6 exhibited a better stability against Li metal than that with x = 0. The all-solid-state half-cell employing the sample with x = 6 at the positive electrode exhibited a better charge–discharge capacity than that employing the sample with x = 0.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the ECAP Processed Copper: Microstructural Evolution, Crystallographic Texture and Hardness Homogeneity

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
A. I. Alateyah ◽  
Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed ◽  
Yasser Zedan ◽  
H. Abd El-Hafez ◽  
Majed O. Alawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ecap Processing ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Average Grain Size

The current study presents a detailed investigation for the equal channel angular pressing of pure copper through two regimes. The first was equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) processing at room temperature and the second was ECAP processing at 200 °C for up to 4-passes of route Bc. The grain structure and texture was investigated using electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) across the whole sample cross-section and also the hardness and the tensile properties. The microstructure obtained after 1-pass at room temperature revealed finer equiaxed grains of about 3.89 µm down to submicrons with a high density of twin compared to the starting material. Additionally, a notable increase in the low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) density was observed. This microstructure was found to be homogenous through the sample cross section. Further straining up to 2-passes showed a significant reduction of the average grain size to 2.97 µm with observable heterogeneous distribution of grains size. On the other hand, increasing the strain up to 4-passes enhanced the homogeneity of grain size distribution. The texture after 4-passes resembled the simple shear texture with about 7 times random. Conducting the ECAP processing at 200 °C resulted in a severely deformed microstructure with the highest fraction of submicron grains and high density of substructures was also observed. ECAP processing through 4-passes at room temperature experienced a significant increase in both hardness and tensile strength up to 180% and 124%, respectively.

scholarly journals Solvent-free hydrogenation of cyclohexene over Rh-TUD-1 at ambient conditions

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (60) ◽  
pp. 34370-34373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhamed Benaissa ◽  
Abdullah M. Alhanash ◽  
Ahmed T. Mubarak ◽  
Morad Eissa ◽  
Taher Sahlabji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Total Conversion ◽  
Free System ◽  
Liquid Phase Hydrogenation ◽  
System P ◽  
Solvent Free System

Total conversion of cyclohexene to cyclohexane was achieved in a liquid phase hydrogenation reaction at room temperature, 1 atm H2 pressure and solvent-free system.

Liquid-phase-epitaxy-grown InAsxSb1−x∕GaAs for room-temperature 8–12μm infrared detectors

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (24) ◽  
pp. 242108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changtao Peng ◽  
NuoFu Chen ◽  
Fubao Gao ◽  
Xingwang Zhang ◽  
Chenlong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Liquid Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Infrared Detectors ◽  
Room Temperature

Reactions of Thiyl Radicals. XI. Further Investigations of Thiol–Disulfide Photolyses in the Liquid Phase

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1410-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna D. Carlson ◽  
Arthur R. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Photochemical Process ◽  
High Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Thiyl Radicals ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
A Chain

The photolysis of C2H5SH liquid at 2537 Å has been shown to give H2 and C2H5SSC2H5 at equal rates with a quantum yield of 0.25. The photolysis of ethanethiol – methyl disulfide liquid mixtures leads, via a chain reaction involving propagation by attack of thiyl radicals on the disulfide S—S bond, to the formation with high quantum efficiency of CH3SH, C2H5SSC2H5 and, as an intermediate that is consumed after long exposures, CH3SSC2H5. The net result of the sequence of exchange processes is the essentially irreversible conversion of the methyl disulfide into methanethiol. The same overall reaction occurs thermally at room temperature, but the rate is appreciably less than that of the photochemical process. The quantum yields of formation of the unsymmetrical disulfides arising from the photochemically initiated exchange reaction in equimolar mixtures of CH3SSCH3 + n-C3H7SSC3H7 and C2H5SSC2H5 + n-C3H7SSC3H7 have been shown to be 6.9 and 4.4, compared to 355 for CH3-SSCH3 + C2H5SSC2H5 mixtures. In all three types of system examined in this investigation all thiyl radicals can be accounted for stoichiometrically on the basis of exchange and combination reactions alone, indicating negligible disproportionation of these species in condensed phase.

Development of Toughened, Fine Grained, Recrystallized W-1.1%TiC

2021 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Shunsuke Makimura ◽  
Hiroaki Kurishita ◽  
Koichi Niikura ◽  
Hun Chea Jung ◽  
Hiroyuki Ishizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Target Material ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Melting ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
Irradiation Embrittlement ◽  
Fine Grained

Tungsten (W) is a principal candidate as target material because of its high density and extremely high melting point. W inherently has a critical disadvantage of its brittleness at around room temperature (low temperature brittleness), recrystallization embrittlement, and irradiation embrittlement. TFGR (Toughened, Fine Grained, Recrystallized) W-1.1%TiC has been considered as a realized solution to the embrittlement problems. We started to fabricate TFGR W-1.1%TiC in 2016 under collaboration between KEK and Metal Technology Co. LTD (MTC). The TFGR W-1.1%TiC samples were successfully fabricated in June, 2018. As a result, the specimen showed slight bend ductility and 2.6 GPa of fracture strength.

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