Diffusion of some Hydrocarbons in Air: a Regularity in the Diffusion Coefficients of a Homologous Series

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Elliott ◽  
Harry Watts
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Prediction Equations

Diffusion coefficients in air at 298.2 °K and 1 atm pressure are reported for ethane, ethene, ethyne, cyclopropane, propene, propadiene, propyne, butane, 1-butene, 2-methylpropene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, 1,3-butadiene, 1-butyne, 2-methylbutane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, cyclopentane, and 1-pentene.A linear relationship, valid for alkanes and alkenes, has been found between the diffusion coefficient and the reduced molecular weight of the members of a homologous series and air.Diffusion coefficients calculated by ten prediction equations were generally lower than those observed.

Bestimmung des Molekulargewichtes der 20-β-Hydroxy-steroid-dehydrogenase

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matatiahu Gehatia
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Partial Specific Volume ◽  
Hydroxy Steroid ◽  
Steroid Dehydrogenase

The enzyme 20-β-Hydroxy-steroid-dehydrogenase obtained from the culture of Streptomyces hydrogenans and dissolved in 0.05 M Tris puffer, pH 7.3, has been investigated by means of a ultracentrifuge at 20 °C. The sedimentation- as well as the diffusion-coefficients obtained from various solutions at different concentrations were extrapolated to the concentration c = 0. The resulting zero-value for the sedimentation coefficient is s0 = 6.64 s and for the diffusion coefficient is D0 = 5.51 × 10-7 cm2/sec. Supposing the partial specific volume of the enzyme under consideration analogously to other similar proteins is V+=0.749 ml/g, the molecular weight has been estimated as M = 118 400.

Temperature dependence of tracer diffusion coefficients in polystyrene

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Green ◽  
Edward J. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Tracer Diffusion ◽  
Tracer Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Critical Molecular Weight ◽  
Tracer Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Monomeric Friction Coefficient

The temperature dependence of the tracer diffusion coefficient D* of long deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) chains of molecular weight M>Mc, where Mc is the critical molecular weight for entanglement, diffusing into highly entangled PS matrices, each of molecular weight P = 2×107, is studied using forward recoil spectrometry. It is found that the temperature dependence of D*/T, reflected primarily in the monomeric friction coefficient, is accurately described by a Vogel equation. The constants that are used to fit these results are independent of M and are the same as those used to fit the temperature dependence of the zero shear rate viscosity of polystyrene.

Diffusion of Curatives. I

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1482-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Lederer ◽  
K. E. Kear ◽  
G. H. Kuhls
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperatures ◽  
Rubber Article ◽  
Diffusion Profiles

Abstract Curatives will readily migrate across a rubber-to-rubber interface following the classical laws of diffusion. The rate of diffusion increases with increasing temperature. The absolute change in curative concentration diminishes with increasing distance from the interface and increases with time. A test procedure using conventional analytical methods can be used to accurately determine the diffusion coefficients of curatives at various storage temperatures in standard rubber formulations. Diffusion profiles and coefficients are dependent on the curative type. There appears to be a general correlation with molecular weight, with the rate of diffusion decreasing with increasing molecular weight. There is a small, rationalizable effect of concentration on the diffusion coefficient. The diffusion of curatives can cause a significant change in the cure system at or near the interface of a plied rubber article. Diffusion profiles for a particular rubber formulation can be predicted from experimental data using relatively simple analytical and mathematical techniques.

A simple and exact method for calculating diffusion coefficients from the data of polarization interferometer. Extension to the case of polymers with narrow distribution of molecular weight

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 3018-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bedřich Porsch ◽  
Lars-Olof Sundelöf
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Polarization Interferometer ◽  
Time Correction ◽  
Broad Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Zero Time

The simple equation derived previously for calculating the diffusion coefficient and the zero-time correction from the data of the polarization interferometer is shown to be valid not only in the case of binary systems but also for the diffusion of polymer solutes with moderately broad molecular weight distribution and results in a diffusion coefficient, which is an average value of a well-defined type. In addition, it is shown experimentally that the equation is applicable with sufficient accuracy also to the evaluation of diffusion coefficients of polymers having a polydispersity index as high as Mw/Mn = 2.

The Temperature Dependence of the Diffusion Coefficients of Ar, CO2, CH4, CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CHCl2F in Water

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dow M. Maharajh ◽  
John Walkley
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Hard Sphere ◽  
Solute Molecule ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Good Agreement

Diffusion coefficient values are reported over a 0 to 35 °C temperature range for Ar, CO2, CH4, CH3Br, CH3Cl, and CHCl2F in water. Various empirical theories relating these diffusion coefficient values to the viscosity of water (η) and the size of the diffusing solute molecule are examined. None are found valid though a linear relationship is found to hold between log D and log η for all systems. McLaughlin's hard sphere theory is examined and found in surprisingly good agreement with experiment. It is seen, however, that this theory cannot adequately predict the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient of the solute.

scholarly journals Effect of Modification on the Fluid Diffusion Coefficient in Silica Nanochannels

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4030
Author(s):  
Gengbiao Chen ◽  
Zhiwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Average Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Average Diffusion ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Fluid Diffusion ◽  
Self Diffusion Coefficient

The diffusion behavior of fluid water in nanochannels with hydroxylation of silica gel and silanization of different modified chain lengths was simulated by the equilibrium molecular dynamics method. The diffusion coefficient of fluid water was calculated by the Einstein method and the Green–Kubo method, so as to analyze the change rule between the modification degree of nanochannels and the diffusion coefficient of fluid water. The results showed that the diffusion coefficient of fluid water increased with the length of the modified chain. The average diffusion coefficient of fluid water in the hydroxylated nanochannels was 8.01% of the bulk water diffusion coefficient, and the diffusion coefficients of fluid water in the –(CH2)3CH3, –(CH2)7CH3, and –(CH2)11CH3 nanochannels were 44.10%, 49.72%, and 53.80% of the diffusion coefficients of bulk water, respectively. In the above four wall characteristic models, the diffusion coefficients in the z direction were smaller than those in the other directions. However, with an increase in the silylation degree, the increased self-diffusion coefficient due to the surface effect could basically offset the decreased self-diffusion coefficient owing to the scale effect. In the four nanochannels, when the local diffusion coefficient of fluid water was in the range of 8 Å close to the wall, Dz was greater than Dxy, and beyond the range of 8 Å of the wall, the Dz was smaller than Dxy.

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Diffusion Coefficients for Chaotic Advection due to Fluctuations of Convective Rolls

Fluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuma Yamanaka ◽  
Takayuki Narumi ◽  
Megumi Hashiguchi ◽  
Hirotaka Okabe ◽  
Kazuhiro Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Chaotic Advection ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Local Order ◽  
Weak Turbulence ◽  
Normal Diffusion ◽  
Convective Rolls

The properties of chaotic advection arising from defect turbulence, that is, weak turbulence in the electroconvection of nematic liquid crystals, were experimentally investigated. Defect turbulence is a phenomenon in which fluctuations of convective rolls arise and are globally disturbed while maintaining convective rolls locally. The time-dependent diffusion coefficient, as measured from the motion of a tagged particle driven by the turbulence, was used to clarify the dependence of the type of diffusion on coarse-graining time. The results showed that, as coarse-graining time increases, the type of diffusion changes from superdiffusion → subdiffusion → normal diffusion. The change in diffusive properties over the observed timescale reflects the coexistence of local order and global disorder in the defect turbulence.

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