Studies on hydrogen–oxygen systems in the electrical discharge. II. The reactions of hydrogen atoms with liquid ozone

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 2649-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimiera Herman ◽  
Paul A. Giguère
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Electrodeless Discharge ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Extreme Care

We have reinvestigated in detail the infrared spectra between 4000 and 600 cm−1 of the solid products formed by reacting liquid ozone at −190 °C with a stream of hydrogen gas dissociated in an electrodeless discharge. Extreme care was exercised to get "clean" spectra, free from any contaminants. All the spectra thus obtained showed very clearly the characteristic absorption bands of H2O2 at 2840 and 1430 cm−1, and the much weaker one at 880 cm−1; with deuterium atoms the former bands were shifted to 2100 and 1080 cm−1 respectively. Thus previous contentions that hydrogen peroxide is not one of the primary products of that reaction are disproved. The other infrared bands of H2O2 were not conspicuous, due either to their diffuse nature in the vitreous spectra or to extensive overlapping by the strong absorption of H2O, the other major component. Warming the material up to −110 °C caused some devitrification, but no significant change in the spectra. No new bands which could be assigned unambiguously to the hypothetical molecule H2O4 were observed.

STUDIES ON HYDROGEN–OXYGEN SYSTEMS IN THE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE: I. THE REACTIONS OF HYDROGEN ATOMS WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norisuke H Ata ◽  
Paul A. Glguère
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Eutectic Melting ◽  
Electrodeless Discharge ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Trap ◽  
Unidentified Species

Hydrogen gas partly dissociated in an electrodeless discharge was mixed downstream with hydrogen peroxide vapor at low pressure (0.1 mm Hg) in a liquid nitrogen trap. The reaction products condensed readily on the wall as a clear, yellowish glass resembling that from dissociated water vapor and other related systems. A manometric study of the warming-up process has revealed four distinct steps. The first two, in which only traces of gas are given off, look like the recombination of trapped free radicals. The major evolution of oxygen upon crystallization of the glassy deposit at 160 °K is ascribed to the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide under the influence of some unidentified species generated in the electric discharge through hydrogen. Experimental evidence for this is presented. In any case the stoichiometry cannot be reconciled with the formation of a metastable intermediate, such as the hypothetical polyoxide H2O4.In the last step beginning around 215 °K more peroxide is decomposed during the eutectic melting of the solid. Qualitatively these phenomena are similar to those shown by the condensate from dissociated water vapor.

Preparation and 31P NMR characterization of N-bonded complexes of platinum(II) with a phosphadithiatriazine: X-ray structure of trans-PtCl2(Pet3)(η1-N-Ph2PS2N3)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2602-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram Chivers ◽  
Robert W. Hilts ◽  
Ian H. Krouse ◽  
A. Wallace Cordes ◽  
Randal Hallford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Free Ligand ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nmr Characterization

The reaction of Ph2PS2N3 with [Pt2(μ-Cl)2(PEt3)4][BF4]2 or [PtCl2(PEt3)]2, in dichloromethane at 23° C produces the 1:1 adducts cis-[PtCl(PEt3)2(Ph2PS2N3)][BF4], 3, and trans-[PtCl2(PEt3)(Ph2PS3N2)], 4, respectively, in good yields. The 31P NMR data for 3 and 4 indicate that (i) the platinum is attached to a nitrogen atom adjacent to phosphorus in both these adducts, (ii) the PEt3 ligands in 3 are in mutually cis positions, and (iii) the PEt3 ligand in 4 is trans to the heterocyclic nitrogen. These structural features were confirmed by an X-ray analysis of 4. Crystals of 4 are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 14.920(3) Å, b = 8.966(5) Å, c = 19.103(5) Å, β = 109.32(2)°, V = 2411.6(16) Å3, and Z = 4. The least-squares refinement with anisotropic thermal parameters for all non-hydrogen atoms converged at R = 0.050 and Rw = 0.053. The Pt—N bond length is 2.122(15) Å and the coordinated nitrogen atom is lifted ca. 0.63(2) Å out of the plane containing the other heterocyclic ring atoms. The attachment of a platinum(II) centre to the PN3S2 ring perturbs the S—N bond lengths significantly. The S—N distance involving the coordinated nitrogen is 1.672(16) Å, while the other S—N distances are 1.631(19), 1.555(19), and 1.562(19) Å, indicative of a localized sulfur diimide (-N=S=N-) structure. The UV–visible spectra of 3 and 4 in CH2Cl2 exhibit absorption bands at 514 and 528 nm, respectively, but dissociation of these adducts to give the free ligand Ph2PS2N3 occurs readily in dilute solution.

REACTIONS IN DISSOCIATED PEROXIDE VAPOR

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Batzold ◽  
C. Luner ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Gas Phase Reactions ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor

The products of the electrical discharge through hydrogen peroxide vapor were hydrogen peroxide, water, oxygen, and hydrogen, in amounts which depended upon the arrangement and temperature of the trap, reaction time, and surface to volume ratio of the reaction vessel. Water, hydrogen, and oxygen resulted from the gas phase reactions of the dissociated hydrogen peroxide, with hydrogen peroxide produced only in a trap cooled below −120 °C. Products trapped below −150 °C evolved oxygen on warming to room temperature. The decomposition products of the electrical discharge through hydrogen peroxide correspond closely with products obtainable both from a similar discharge through water vapor and from the interaction of hydrogen atoms with oxygen molecules in a cold trap. A mechanism which accounts for their correspondence is included. Water was the only product when molecular hydrogen peroxide was caused to react with hydrogen atoms, dissociated hydrogen peroxide vapor, or dissociated water vapor in the presence or absence of molecular hydrogen. A chain mechanism is postulated for these reactions.

Infrared Spectra of 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, Its Hydrates and Acid Perchlorate

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
ECM Grigg ◽  
JR Hall ◽  
RA Plowman
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Intense Absorption ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectra ◽  
Stretching Vibrations ◽  
Phase Out

Infrared absorption spectra of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp), dmp 0.5H2O, dmp 2H2O, and dmp HClO4 have been obtained over the range 4000-650 cm-1. Bands between 1610 and 1545 cm-1 are attributed to stretching vibrations within the phenanthroline ring system. The in-phase out-of-plane motion of the ring hydrogen atoms is associated with intense absorption at 845 cm-1. A strong band is observed at 728 cm-1 which cannot be accounted for in terms of an out-of-plane CH deformation. The perchlorate is characterized by shifts of the strongest absorption bands observed in the spectra of dmp and the hydrates.

Understanding the risks and rewards of using 50% vs. 10% strength peroxide in pulp bleach plants

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
Alan Rudie ◽  
Peter Hart
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Process Failure

The use of 50% concentration and 10% concentration hydrogen peroxide were evaluated for chemical and mechanical pulp bleach plants at storage and at point of use. Several dangerous occurrences have been documented when the supply of 50% peroxide going into the pulping process was not stopped during a process failure. Startup conditions and leaking block valves during maintenance outages have also contributed to explosions. Although hazardous events have occurred, 50% peroxide can be stored safely with proper precautions and engineering controls. For point of use in a chemical bleach plant, it is recommended to dilute the peroxide to 10% prior to application, because risk does not outweigh the benefit. For point of use in a mechanical bleach plant, it is recommended to use 50% peroxide going into a bleach liquor mixing system that includes the other chemicals used to maintain the brightening reaction rate. When 50% peroxide is used, it is critical that proper engineering controls are used to mitigate any risks.

Pengaruh Luka Iris Pada Tikus Dengan Paparan Hidrogen Peroxida 3% terhadap Epitelisasi dan Pembentukan Eksudat pada Permukaan Epitel Kulit.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
HARMAN AGUSAPUTRA ◽  
MARIA SUGENG ◽  
AYLY SOEKAMTO ◽  
ATIK WULANDARI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delayed Wound Healing ◽  
Peroxide Group ◽  
Hemostatic Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Wound Healing Effect ◽  
Epithelial Growth

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) as antiseptic has been used frequently to clean woundsin in hospitals and clinics. Hydrogen peroxide has the effectof strong oxidative that can kill pathogens. It can clean up debris and necrotic tissuesin wounds. Hydrogen peroxidealso has hemostatic effect that can help to stop bleeding. Besides antiseptic effects, hydrogen peroxide i s suspected of having negative effect in wound healing. Hydrogen peroxide presumably could cause delayed wound healing by exudate formation and delayed epithelial growth.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This study was conducted in the laboratory using 48 white mice that were divided into 2 groups. All the mice were purposely wounded. Afterwards in one group the wounds were clean up using hydrogen peroxide, while in the other group without hydrogen peroxide as control. The wounds of both groups were observed on day 1, day 3 and day 7. On day 1 and day 3, both groups did not show significant difference.</p><p><strong>R</strong><strong>esult</strong> : on day 7 showed that the wound healing in hydrogen peroxide group were delayed. Fifty percent of them had the formation of exudate and 62.5% of them showed delayed epithelial growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion </strong>: This study could show hydrogen peroxide as wound antiseptic has delayed wound healing effect.</p><p><strong>Keyword</strong>: hydrogen peroxide, wound healing</p>

Antimicrobial Effect of 940 nm Diode Laser based on Photolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2081-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Alexandru Odor ◽  
Edwin Sever Bechir ◽  
Deborah Violant ◽  
Victoria Badea
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Before And After

Moderate and severe periodontitis represents a challenge in the non-surgical periodontal therapy. Due to the lack of evidence regarding the antimicrobial effectiveness of 940 nm diode laser in periodontal treatment, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photolysis performed with 940 nm diode laser in the treatment of moderate and severe periodontitis. Twenty-five patients with 100 teeth were selected for this pilot study. The test teeth were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups: Group 1: scaling and root planning (SRP) (control group); and the following experimental groups: Group 2: H2O2; Group 3: 940 nm diode laser therapy; Group 4: 940 nm diode laser therapy and H2O2. Clinical examinations, like probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed before and after the treatment. The microbiological evaluation, effectuated before and after the treatment, included nine periodontal bacteria species and investigated by means of real-time PCR assay. The clinical and bacterial differences in the tested groups, was assessed between control group and the other three experimental groups, as well as between the experimental groups. The total bacteria load was reduced for all four studied groups. Group 4 (diode laser + H2O2) showed significant bacterial reduction of the major periodontal bacteria like Pg., Tf., Td., Pi., Pm., Fn (p[0.001) than the other 3 groups (p]0.001). Also the periodontal clinical parameters, like PD, CAL and BOP showed a significant reduction after the photolysis of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser (p[0.001). Differences between tested groups showed a significant beneficial results in regard to Group 4.It is suggested that the photoactivation of H2O2 with the 940 nm diode laser can be used successfully in adjunctive to the non-surgical periodontal treatment as a bactericidal tool.

An ESR study of the peroxidase reaction catalyzed by human methaemoglobin and methaemoglobin-haptoglobin complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-932
Author(s):  
Jana Stejskalová ◽  
Pavel Stopka ◽  
Zdeněk Pavlíček
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delocalized Electron

The ESR spectra of peroxidase systems of methaemoglobin-ascorbic acid-hydrogen peroxide and methaemoglobin-haptoglobin complex-ascorbic acid-hydrogen peroxide have been measured in the acetate buffer of pH 4.5. For the system with methaemoglobin an asymmetrical signal with g ~ 2 has been observed which is interpreted as the perpendicular region of anisotropic spectrum of superoxide radical. On the other hand, for the system with methaemoglobin-haptoglobin complex the observed signal with g ~ 2 is symmetrical and is interpreted as a signal of delocalized electron. After realization of three repeatedly induced peroxidase processes the ESR signal of the perpendicular part of anisotropic spectrum of superoxide radical is distinctly diminished, whereas the signal of delocalized electron remains practically unchanged. An amino acid analysis of methaemoglobin along with results of the ESR measurements make it possible to derive a hypothesis about the role of haptoglobin in increasing of the peroxidase activity of methaemoglobin.

The effect of cation concentration on the nitrogen splitting constant of nitroxide free radicals

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2377-2380
Author(s):  
Hamza A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Esr Spectroscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Splitting Constant ◽  
The One ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Two Equilibria

Nitroxide free radicals prepared from diethylamine, piperidine and pyrrolidine by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide were studied by ESR spectroscopy. The changes in the 14N splitting constant (aN) caused by the addition of KBr or tetraethylammonium bromide were measured in dependence on the concentration of the ions. For diethylamine nitroxide and piperidine nitroxide, the results are discussed in terms of two equilibria: the one, involving the anion, is associated with a gain or loss of hydrogen bonds to the nitroxide oxygen atom, the other is associated with the formation of solvent shared units involving the cation, which results in changes in the hydrogen bonding strenght. The large increase in the aN value in the case of pyrrolidine nitroxide is explained in terms of an interaction from one side of the positively charged N atom; the increase in aN in the case of diethylamine and piperidine nitroxides is explained in terms of interactions with both sides of the positively charged N atom.

CO-ORDINATION COMPLEXES OF TITANIUM (IV) HALIDES: II. PREPARATION AND INFRARED SPECTRA OF THE COMPLEXES OF TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE WITH DIESTERS OF α,ω-DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND COMPARISON WITH ANALOGOUS COMPLEXES OF ZIRCONIUM TETRACHLORIDE AND TIN TETRACHLORIDE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2343-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Rivet ◽  
Real Aubin ◽  
Roland Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Complex Molecule ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zirconium Tetrachloride ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Zirconium Complexes ◽  
Tin Tetrachloride

Co-ordination complexes between diesters of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids and titanium tetrachloride, tin tetrachloride, and zirconium tetrachloride have been prepared. The analytical results, the infrared spectra, the melting points, and the molecular-weight determinations indicate that for the titanium and zirconium complexes, two types of complexes are obtained, one having a general formula MX4•1 diester in which chelate rings from five to nine atoms are formed and the other one, 2MX4•1 diester in which there are two 4-membered rings per complex molecule. With tin tetrachloride only one type of complex is formed, which has two tin tetrachlorides and two diesters per complex molecule.

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