Erratum: Radiation chemical data in water using nitrous oxide

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-343
Author(s):  
D. A. Head ◽  
D. C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Radiation Chemical

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Radiation chemical data in water using nitrous oxide

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (18) ◽  
pp. 2051-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Head ◽  
D. C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Chemical ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Small Doses

By using small doses and very low dose rates, it is shown that in the γ-irradiation of water ~ 8 × 10−5M nitrous oxide completely scavenges eaq− in the absence of other additives and gives a yield G(eaq−) = 2.45 ± 0.1. When used at concentrations of ~ 15 mM, N2O scavenges a second species having a yield G = 0.65 ± 0.1, which can probably be attributed to a hydrated hydrogen atom species resulting from the reaction of eaq– with H3O+ within the spur. Previous studies on the competition between N2O and Haq+ for eaq− have been conducted at concentrations of N2O much too high for simple competition to be valid, which probably accounts for the erratic results obtained. This paper reports on the competition studied at ~ 10−4 M. The results cannot be interpreted either in terms of a simple competition or by one, or both, of the immediate products reacting with either of the additives. The data can only be rationalized by assuming that in acid solution N2O is converted to a species, tentatively suggested to be H2N2O2, which reacts with eaq− 5 times more slowly than does N2Oaq at pH 7.

The photochemistry of aqueous solutions of Fe (II) - I. Photoelectron detachment from ferrous and ferrocyanide ions

1966 ◽  
Vol 291 (1426) ◽  
pp. 340-352 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
Radiation Chemical ◽  
Theoretical Evidence ◽  
Limiting Value

Nitrous oxide has been used as a specific scavenger of aquated electrons produced by photo-detachment from Fe 2+ aq. ( hv →Fe 3+ aq. + e¯ aq. ) and Fe(CN) 4– 6 ( hv → Fe(CN) 3– 6 + e¯ aq. ) by light of wavelength 2537 Å. In each case Ф (N 2 ) increases to a limiting value as [N 2 O] is increased; it is 0·07 for the former process and 0·66 for the latter. Use of isopropanol instead of N 2 O in the latter case indicated that no H atoms are formed in the primary act. Competition experiments indicate that k (e¯ aq. + H + ) / k (e¯ aq. + N 2 O) =1·86 ± 0·12 when Fe 2+ aq. is used as the electron source and 1·55 ± 0·1 when lanthanum ferrocyanide is used. For the K 4 Fe(CN) 6 solutions, 2 Ф (N 2 )= Ф (Fe(CN) 3– 6 ) unless KCN is present when OH+CN¯→OH¯+CN and Fe(CN) 3– 6 + CN → C 2 N 2 + Fe(CN) 5 H 2 O 3¯ (+CN¯→ Fe(CN) 4¯ 6 + H 2 O) occur. The slopes of the Brønsted-Bjerrum plot for log 10 k (e¯ aq. + NO¯ 2 ) is much larger (2 to 2·7) than expected or is obtained from radiation chemical experiments and is explained by a model in which e¯ aq. reacts with NO¯ 2 while still within the relaxed ion atmosphere of the ferrocyanide ion. Other experimental and theoretical evidence is added in support of this hypothesis.

Freeze-dried dispersions for automated SEM analysis of individual submicron airborne particulates

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Karen A. Katrinak ◽  
David W. Brekke ◽  
John P. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Individual Particle ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Bulk Analysis ◽  
Airborne Particulates ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Individual Particle Analysis

Individual-particle analysis is well established as an alternative to bulk analysis of airborne particulates. It yields size and chemical data on a particle-by-particle basis, information that is critical in predicting the behavior of air pollutants. Individual-particle analysis is especially important for particles with diameter < 1 μm, because particles in this size range have a disproportionately large effect on atmospheric visibility and health.

Role of the exosporial membrane in attachment and germination of C. sporogenes

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
B.J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
G.T. Tortora ◽  
J.B. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Radiation Chemical ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Extended Contact ◽  
Cold Pressure

Some bacteria are capable of forming highly resistant spores when environmental conditions are not adequate for growth. Depending on the genus and species of the bacterium, these endospores are resistant in varying degrees to heat, cold, pressure, enzymatic degradation, ionizing radiation, chemical sterilants,physical trauma and organic solvents. The genus Clostridium, responsible for botulism poisoning, tetanus, gas gangrene and diarrhea in man, produces endospores which are highly resistant. Although some sporocides can kill Clostridial spores, the spores require extended contact with a sporocidal agent to achieve spore death. In most clinical situations, this extended period of treatment is not possible nor practical. This investigation examines Clostridium sporogenes endospores by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy under various dormant and growth conditions, cataloging each stage in the germination and outgrowth process, and analyzing the role played by the exosporial membrane in the attachment and germination of the spore.

Severe gastrointestinal distension during nitrous oxide and oxygen anesthesia

JAMA ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 194 (10) ◽  
pp. 1146-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Foldes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide
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