Sur quelques réactions acide–base dans les solvants fortement basiques anhydres. I. Éthylènediamine

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (24) ◽  
pp. 3129-3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Heumann ◽  
A. Bouchard ◽  
G. Tremblay

The neutralization of 20 monobasic acids of various strength in anhydrous ethylenediamine was studied potentiometrically using a platinum indicating electrode. The base used was the solvent anion's lithium salt LiHNC2H4NH2. Potential jumps ranging from 1 300 mV for hydrochloric acid to 150 mV for diphenylmethane were obtained. The latter compound was the least acidic ( [Formula: see text]) to react with the base. By plotting the half-neutralization potentials against the [Formula: see text] values of the literature and extrapolating towards the potential obtained with the pure solvent, the [Formula: see text] of ethylenediamine was estimated as 38. The potentials of the pure acid solutions varied little from one acid to another, which corroborates the opinion that even strong electrolytes are little dissociated in ethylenediamine. The potentials at half-neutralization, however, were much more different. These facts suggest that in this solvent acid strength is not as directly related to the degree of dissociation as in aqueous solutions. The neutralization of several dibasic acids was also attempted. Some were found to be too insoluble, the others gave unusual curves, which are difficult to explain.La neutralisation de 20 acides monobasiques de différentes forces dans l'éthylènediamine anhydre a été étudiée par potentiométrie avec une électrode indicatrice de platine. La base utilisée était le sel de lithium de l'anion du solvant LiHNC2H4NH2. Les sauts de potentiel variaient entre 1 300 mV pour l'acide chlorhydrique et 150 mV pour le diphénylméthane, qui était le composé le moins acide ( [Formula: see text]) à réagir avec la base. Si on porte les potentiels mesurés à la demi-neutralisation en fonction des [Formula: see text] de la littérature et si on extrapole jusqu'au potentiel obtenu avec le solvant pur, on trouve une valeur de 38 pour le [Formula: see text] de l'éthylènediamine. Les potentiels obtenus avec les solutions des différents acides purs variaient peu entre eux, ce qui confirme l'opinion que même les électrolytes forts sont peu dissociés dans l'éthylènediamine. Cependant, les potentiels à la demi-neutralisation variaient beaucoup plus d'un acide à l'autre. Ces faits semblent indiquer que dans ce solvant la force des acides ne varie pas aussi directement avec le degré de dissociation que dans les solutions aqueuses. La neutralisation de plusieurs acides polybasiques a été essayée également. Plusieurs de ces acides n'étaient pas assez solubles et les autres donnaient des courbes particulières, qui ne sont pas faciles à interpréter.

1897 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
W. G. Aitchison Robertson

The following experiments were performed with normal human gastric secretion. After thoroughly washing out the stomach of a healthy man, several ounces of a dilute solution of Caffyn's liquor carnis were introduced into it. After the lapse of an hour the contents of the stomach were drawn off, filtered, and used instead of the pure acid solutions in former experiments. The acidity of the gastric fluid was due to inorganic acid and amounted to 0·15 per cent. hydrochloric acid.This experiment shows that, in the stomach, with an acidity of the contents less than that even normally present in the gastric secretion, the action of ptyalin is wholly restrained.Was the ferment merely inhibited from action by the acid, or was it destroyed ?To determine this, I took equal volumes of this gastric fluid, 1 per cent, starch solution, and saliva, and having mixed them, carefully neutralised the mixture with a solution of caustic potash, using very delicate test-papers to show the neutral point.On examining the mixture shortly after neutralisation, the whole of the starch was found to have undergone conversion. It reduced Fehling's solution strongly, and contained 0·22 per cent. of reducing substance. This demonstrates that, with an acidity equal to 0·05 per ′cent, hydrochloric acid, the action of ptyalin is restrained.I performed similar experiments with the gastric fluid from a case of chronic gastric catarrh, the acidity of which was equal to 0·067 per cent. hydrochloric acid.


1934 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Chloupek ◽  
Vl. Z. Daneš ◽  
B. A. Danešová

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