Pressure–temperature–composition relations in the system anthracene–phenanthrene

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1125-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Xavier Brady ◽  
Norman O. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Phase Line ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Consolute Temperature

A melting point and cooling curve study of the solid–liquid equilibria in the system anthracene–phenanthrene indicated the existence of a complete series of solid solutions. Investigation of the system anthracene–phenanthrene–Cellosolve at 40 °C revealed that the series is incomplete at this temperature. X-ray studies showed an upper consolute temperature at about 80 °C. The sublimation pressures and vapor pressures of the pure components were measured at temperatures not heretofore studied. Sublimation pressure data for solid solutions at 95 °C gave activity coefficients and indicated positive deviations from Raoult's law. Liquid–vapor isobars were obtained at pressures of 25, 50, and 100 mm, and vapor pressures of dilute liquid solutions of anthracene in phenanthrene found at temperatures near 100 °C. The data point to the existence of an azeotrope of short range. The univariant three-phase line was determined in respect to the pressure, temperature, and composition of the coexisting phases.All the above results were synthesized to give a fairly complete picture of the pressure–temperature–composition phase model, excluding critical phenomena.

Dependence of the Contact Angle on Adsorption at the Solid-Liquid Interface

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Fluid Interfaces ◽  
Phase Line ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

A method for determining the surface tension of solid-fluid interfaces has been proposed. For a given temperature and fluid-solid combination, these surface tensions are expressed in terms of material properties that can be determined by measuring the amount of vapor adsorbed on the solid surface as a function of xV, the ratio of the vapor-phase pressure to the saturation-vapor pressure. The thermodynamic concept of pressure is shown to be in conflict with that of continuum mechanics, but is supported experimentally. This approach leads to the prediction that the contact angle, θ, can only exist in a narrow pressure range and that in this pressure range, the solid-vapor surface tension is constant and equal to the surface tension of the liquid-vapor interface, γLV. The surface tension of the solid-liquid interface, γSL, may be expressed in terms of measurable properties, γLV and θ: γSL = γLV(1 − cosθ). The value of θ is predicted to depend on both the pressure in the liquid at the three-phase, line x3L, and the three-phase line curvature, Ccl. We examine these predictions using sessile water droplets on a polished Cu surface, maintained in a closed, constant volume, isothermal container. The value of θ is found to depend on the adsorption at the solid-liquid interface, nSL = nSL(x3L,Ccl). The predicted value of θ is compared with that measured, and found to be in close agreement, but no effect of line tension is found.

scholarly journals 3D Numerical Analysis of the Asymmetric Three-Phase Line of Floating Zone for Silicon Crystal Growth

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Feng Han ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Satoshi Nakano ◽  
Hirofumi Harada ◽  
Yoshiji Miyamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Silicon Crystal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Floating Zone ◽  
Phase Line ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Em Field ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

A numerical simulation has been carried out to study the asymmetric heat transfer, fluid flow, and three-phase line to explain the phenomenon of the spillage of the melt in floating zone (FZ) silicon growth. A three-dimensional high-frequency electromagnetic (EM) field is coupled with the heat transfer in the melt and crystal calculation domains. The current density along the three-phase line is investigated to demonstrate the inhomogeneous heating along the three-phase line. The asymmetric heating is found to affect the flow pattern and temperature distribution of the melt. The three-dimensional solid–liquid interface results show that, below the current supplies, the interface is deflected due to strong heating below the current supplies. The calculated asymmetric three-phase line shows a similar trend as the experimentally observed results. The results indicate that the re-melting and spillage phenomenon could occur below the current supplies.

Subsolidus phase relations in the system ZnWO4-ZnMoO4-MnWO4-MnMoO4

1968 ◽  
Vol 36 (283) ◽  
pp. 992-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke L. Y. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Phase Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Subsolidus Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
End Members

SummarySubsolidus phase relations in the systems ZnWO4-MnWO4, ZnWO4-ZnMoO4, MnMoO4-ZnMoO4, and MnWO4-MnMoO4, were investigated by using the quenching technique. A complete series of solid solutions forms in the system ZnWO4-MnWO4 above 840° C, whereas limited solid solubilities were found in the other three. The various limits of solubility are, at 620° C, 4·0 mole % ZnMoO4 in ZnWO4 and 4·0 mole % ZnWO4 in ZnMoO4, 13·0 mole % ZnMoO4 in MnMoO4 and 12·0 mole % MnMoO4 in ZnMoO4, 9·0 mole % MnMoO4 in MnWO4 and 6·0 mole % in MnWO4 in MnMoO4; and at 1000° C, 15·0 mole % ZnMoO4 in ZnWO4 and 15·0 mole % ZnWO4 in ZnMoO4, 36·0 mole % ZnMoO4 in MnMoO4 and 29·0 mole % MnMoO4 in ZnMoO4, 15·0 mole % MnMoO4 in MnWO4 and 27·0 mole % MnWO4 in MnMoO4.Subsolidus phase relations in the system ZnWO4-ZnMoO4-MnWO4-MnMoO4 were studied at 900° C. The solubility of molybdenum in the (Zn,Mn)WO4 series increases from both end members to a maximum of 27·0 mole % at the composition Mn35Zn65. Both molybdates also have limited ranges of solid solutions, and a three-phase region occupies the central portion of the system defined by three points with compositions of 41 mole % ZnMoO4, 26 mole % MnMoO4, 33 mole % MnWO4; 57 mole % ZnMoO4, 10 mole % MnMoO4, 35 mole % MnWO4; and 27 mole % ZnMoO4, 34 mole % MnWO4, 39 mole % ZnWO4.

Melting and Crystallization of Poly(oxyethylene) Mixtures

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1855-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Lapeš ◽  
Josef Baldrian ◽  
Ján Biroš ◽  
Julius Pouchlý ◽  
Hanes Mio
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Eutectic Phase ◽  
Eutectic Melting ◽  
Pure Polymer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

Solid-liquid eutectic phase diagrams of mixtures of poly(oxyethylene) (M.w. 2 000) with hydroxy and methoxy endgroups, crystallizing in extended-chain macroconformation only, with glutaric acid, benzoic acid or 1,2-diphenylethane are given. The composition dependence of the melting temperature can be fitted by the Flory-Huggins equation. Interaction parameters X and interaction energy densities B evaluated from the diluent branch of the phase diagram are consistent with those obtained from the polymer branch provided the calorimetric value of enthalpy of polymer fusion is used in the latter computation. Measurements of small- and wide-angle X-ray scatterings showed a stacked lamellar structure of POE. Below the eutectic melting point, the long period of the polymer is almost independent of the diluent concentration. On raising temperature gradually from this melting point to the melting point of pure polymer, the increasing long period indicates the penetration of the diluent between the lamellae. As follows from SAXS measurements, the crystallinity of poly(oxyethylene) in the mixtures remains unchanged compared to that of the pure polymer.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Martin Gaberšek ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Ivona Nuić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Ce1−xPdxO2−δ Solid Solution in Molten Nitrate

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Hideaki Sasaki ◽  
Keisuke Sakamoto ◽  
Masami Mori ◽  
Tatsuaki Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Ionic States

CeO2-based solid solutions in which Pd partially substitutes for Ce attract considerable attention, owing to their high catalytic performances. In this study, the solid solution (Ce1−xPdxO2−δ) with a high Pd content (x ~ 0.2) was synthesized through co-precipitation under oxidative conditions using molten nitrate, and its structure and thermal decomposition were examined. The characteristics of the solid solution, such as the change in a lattice constant, inhibition of sintering, and ionic states, were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM−EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)−EDS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesis method proposed in this study appears suitable for the easy preparation of CeO2 solid solutions with a high Pd content.

X-ray and neutron scattering study of the Nb-O solid solutions

1998 ◽  
Vol 266 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Danilkin ◽  
H. Fuess ◽  
E. Jadrowski ◽  
T. Wieder ◽  
H. Wipf
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Neutron Scattering Study
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