scholarly journals FORMATION OF 7Be IN NUCLEAR REACTIONS INDUCED BY 85-MeV PROTONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (22) ◽  
pp. 2749-2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Lafleur ◽  
N. T. Porile ◽  
L. Yaffe
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Mev Protons ◽  
Good Agreement

Cross sections were measured for the formation of 7Be in targets bombarded with 85-MeV protons. The variation of these cross sections with the mass and neutron-to-proton ratio of the target was investigated.Cross-section calculations were performed on the assumption that 7Be is emitted from the irradiated target as an evaporated particle. Calculated and measured cross sections were in good agreement for medium and heavy targets (A > 55). The calculation underestimated the production of' 7Be in light targets (27 < A < 55).

A new empirical formula for cross-sections of (n,nα) reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (08) ◽  
pp. 2050062
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yiğit
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Measured Cross Section ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Present Formalism ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Neutron Cross Sections ◽  
Good Agreement

Studies on the cross-sections of (n,n[Formula: see text]) reactions which are energetically possible, about 14 MeV neutrons are quite scarce. In this paper, the cross-sections of (n,n[Formula: see text] nuclear reactions at [Formula: see text]14–15 MeV are analyzed by using a new empirical formula based on the statistical theory. We show that neutron cross-sections are closely related to the [Formula: see text]-value of nuclear reaction, in particular for (n,n[Formula: see text]) channels. Results obtained with this empirical formula show good agreement with the available measured cross-section values. We hope that the estimations on the cross-sections using the present formalism may be helpful in future studies in this field.

scholarly journals Cross Sections for the \(^{nat}\)Zr\((p,xn)^{89,90}\)Nb Reactions Induced by 27.7 MeV Protons

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Duc Khue ◽  
Nguyen Van Do ◽  
Le Tuan Anh
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Mev Protons

The cross-sections for the formation of \(^{89}\)Nb and  \(^{90}\)Nb radionuclides in proton induced nuclear reactions on zirconium  were measured by using the well known activation method. The natural  zirconium (\(^{nat}\)Zr) target and copper (\(^{nat}\)Cu) monitor foils were  irradiated by 27.7 MeV proton beam at the MC50 Cyclotron of the Korea  Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (KIRAMS), Korea. The induced  gamma activities of the reaction products were measured by a coaxial high  purity germanium (HPGe) detector coupled to a PC-based multichannel  analyzer. The obtained cross sections for each nuclide are compared with  those existing in literature and with the theoretical cross sections  calculated by the TALYS - 1.4 code.

scholarly journals Proton-induced reactions on Fe, Cu, and Ti from threshold to 55 MeV

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Voyles ◽  
Amanda M. Lewis ◽  
Jonathan T. Morrell ◽  
M. Shamsuzzoha Basunia ◽  
Lee A. Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
Reaction Channels ◽  
Proton Induced Reactions ◽  
Titanium Foils ◽  
Mev Protons

AbstractTheoretical models often differ significantly from measured data in their predictions of the magnitude of nuclear reactions that produce radionuclides for medical, research, and national security applications. In this paper, we compare a priori predictions from several state-of-the-art reaction modeling packages (CoH, EMPIRE, TALYS, and ALICE) to cross sections measured using the stacked-target activation method. The experiment was performed using the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 88-Inch Cyclotron with beams of 25 and 55 MeV protons on a stack of iron, copper, and titanium foils. Thirty-four excitation functions were measured from 4–55 MeV, including the first measurement of the independent cross sections for $$^{\mathrm{nat}}\hbox {Fe}$$ nat Fe (p,x)$$^{49,51}\hbox {Cr}$$ 49 , 51 Cr , $$^{51,{\mathrm{52m}},{\mathrm{52g}},56}\hbox {Mn}$$ 51 , 52 m , 52 g , 56 Mn , and $$^{{\mathrm{58m,58g}}}\hbox {Co}$$ 58 m , 58 g Co . All of the models, using default input parameters to assess their predictive capabilities, failed to reproduce the isomer-to-ground state ratio for reaction channels at compound and pre-compound energies, suggesting issues in modeling the deposition or distribution of angular momentum in these residual nuclei.

scholarly journals New Cross-Sections for natMo(α,x) Reactions and Medical 97Ru Production Estimations with Radionuclide Yield Calculator

Instruments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Sitarz ◽  
Etienne Nigron ◽  
Arnaud Guertin ◽  
Férid Haddad ◽  
Tomasz Matulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Single Photon Emission Computed ◽  
Photon Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Good Agreement

The production of 97Ru, a potential Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) radioisotope, was studied at ARRONAX. The cross-section of natMo(α,x)97Ru reaction was investigated in the range of 40–67 MeV irradiating the natMo and Al stacked-foils. The activities of 97Ru and other radioactive contaminants were measured via gamma spectroscopy technique. A global good agreement is observed between obtained cross-section results, previously reported values and TENDL-2017 predictions. Additionally, Radionuclide Yield Calculator, a software that we made available for free, dedicated to quickly calculate yields and plan the irradiation for any radioisotope production, was introduced. The yield of investigated nuclear reactions indicated the feasibility of 97Ru production for medical applications with the use of α beam and Mo targets opening the way to a theranostic approach with 97Ru and 103Ru.

Multipole Deformations in 19F and in the Neon Isotopes and Electric Multipole Strength in 19F from Inelastic Scattering of 30 MeV Protons

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (23) ◽  
pp. 2422-2435 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De Swiniarski ◽  
A. Genoux-Lubain ◽  
G. Bagieu ◽  
J. F. Cavaignac
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Coulomb Excitation ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Transition Strength ◽  
Coupled Channels ◽  
Inelastic Proton Scattering ◽  
Major Discrepancy ◽  
Mev Protons ◽  
Good Agreement

Cross sections were measured for inelastic scattering of 30 MeV protons from 19F, 20Ne, 21Ne, and22Ne. The cross sections of the ground state rotational band in these nuclei were analyzed in the coupled channels formalism and yield further evidence for a large hexadecapole deformation in 19F (β4 = 0.14 ± 0.04) and in 20Ne (β4 = 0.28 ± 0.05) in good agreement with several recent proton inelastic scattering experiments. These calculations show also that the Y4 moment is small or close to zero in 21Ne and 22Ne (β4 ≤ 0.05). The analysis of the available 19F cross section in the DWBA formalism shows evidence for a large and significant octupole transition strength for the 1.35 MeV (5/2−) (3.6 W.u.), the 5.43 MeV (7/2−) state (6.70 W.u.), and the 5.63 MeV (5/2−) state (3.60 W.u.). The measured transition strengths are generally in disagreement with recent low energy (α, α′) or (d, d′) results but also with the earlier Coulomb excitation measurements. Thus, we confirm that a major discrepancy still exists between inelastic scattering and Coulomb excitation of the octupole transition strength to several states in 19F but mainly to the 1.35 MeV (5/2−) state as was already pointed out some time ago from a low energy inelastic proton scattering experiment. On a mesuré les sections efficaces pour la diffusion inélastique de protons de 30 MeV excitant les noyaux 19F, 20Ne, 21Ne et 22Ne.

The scattering of 9.5 MeV protons by He, C, N, O, F, Ne, A, Kr and Xe nuclei

1957 ◽  
Vol 243 (1233) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Optical Model ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Differential Cross Sections ◽  
Emulsion Method ◽  
The University ◽  
Marked Dependence ◽  
Mev Protons

A nuclear emulsion method for studying scattering and nuclear reactions of particles from the Nuffield cyclotron of the University of Birmingham, in gaseous targets, is presented. This method has been developed from that described by Burrows, Powell & Rotblat (1951). The differential cross-sections for elastic scattering of 9∙5 MeV protons by He, C, N, O, F, Ne, A, Kr and Xe have been measured, and the results for all except Kr and Xe are discussed in terms of the optical model. Results for carbon obtained at four energies between 9∙37 MeV and 9∙58 MeV show marked dependence on energy. Differential cross-sections for inelastic scattering of 9∙5 MeV protons from C, N, Ne, A and F are also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Calculated Radioactivity Yields of Gallium-67 using Matlab Codes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Imam Kambali
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Proton Bombardment ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Nuclear Data Library ◽  
Gallium 67 ◽  
Data Library ◽  
Mev Protons ◽  
Evaluated Nuclear Data

In nuclear medicine, gallium-67 (67Ga) is potentially applied for imaging a certain type of tissue. In this investigation, 67Ga is theoretically studied in terms of its potential radioactivity yields at the end of various energetic proton bombardments.  Nuclear cross-sections derived from the Talys Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (TENDL) 2017 were used as the input files, while a Matlab code was developed to perform the yield calculations of 67Zn(p,n)67Ga and 68Zn(p,2n)67Ga nuclear reactions to produce 67Ga. Two different targets – enriched 67Zn and natZn targets – were simulated in the calculations. The calculated yields suggested that a maximum of 27.37 MBq/µAh could be achieved when enriched 67Zn target was irradiated with 15-MeV protons, whereas 46.99 MBq/µAh could be generated following a 30 MeV proton bombardment of enriched 68Zn target. Various radioactive gallium impurities, i.e. 63,64,65,66,68,70Ga and stable 69Ga isotope were also expected to be generated mostly via (p,n) and (p,2n) reactions when natZn target was used in the 67Ga production. In contrast, radioactive 66Ga and 68Ga impurities were mainly produced following bombardment of enriched 67Zn and 68Zn targets. This study can be used as a reference for future 67Ga radionuclide production.

scholarly journals Numerical Study of Fusion Cross Sections for 12C+12C and 16O+16O Reactions by Using Wong Formula

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Yacobus Yulianto ◽  
Zaki Zu'ud
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fusion Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Light Nuclei ◽  
Saxon Potential ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Good Agreement

The height of the barrier between the interacting nuclei is one of the interesting topics in nuclear reaction, especially in charged-particle nuclear reactions. Wong formula is one method that can be used to perform such study, especially about fusion cross section. Therefore, a study about fusion cross sections of some light nuclei with Wong formula becomes very interesting to be performed. In this study, the fusion cross sections of 12C+12C and 16O+16O reactions have been calculated by using Wong formula at 12<=E<=32 MeV of energies. The potential of the interacting nuclei was approached by using Woods-Saxon potential. The calculations performed numerically by using both finite different and Nelder-Mead methods. The obtained results of this study have achieved a good agreement with the experimental results and the calculation results of the other researchers. Those results were indicated that Wong formula has good capability in explaining the experimental results concerning fusion cross section of light nuclei.

The cross sections for different channels in heavy ion nuclear reactions

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galin ◽  
D. Guerreau ◽  
M. Lefort ◽  
X. Tarrago
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
The Cross

SPALLATION YIELDS FROM HIGH ENERGY PROTON BOMBARDMENT OF HEAVY ELEMENTS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Comparison With Experiment ◽  
Energy Proton ◽  
Stringent Test ◽  
Neutron Evaporation ◽  
Nuclear Processes ◽  
Mev Protons

The Monte Carlo calculations of McManus and Sharp (unpublished) for the prompt nuclear processes occurring upon bombardment of heavy elements by 400 Mev. protons are combined with a description of the subsequent neutron evaporation to determine spallation cross sections for comparison with experiment. The model employed is a schematic one which suppresses the detailed characteristics of individual nuclei, but gives the over-all behavior to be expected. Many-particle and collective effects such as alpha particle emission and fission are ignored. The computed cross sections are presented in a variety of different graphical forms which illustrate quantitatively the qualitative picture of high energy reactions first given by Serber (1947). The calculations are in general agreement with existing data when fission is not an important effect, but the agreement does not imply a very stringent test of the various features of the model.

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