STUDIES ON THE THERMODYNAMICS AND CONDUCTANCES OF MOLTEN SALTS AND THEIR MIXTURES: PART I. THE DENSITIES AND MOLAR VOLUMES OF LITHIUM CHLORATE AND OF LITHIUM CHLORATE – LITHIUM NITRATE MIXTURES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
M. K. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Molar Volume ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Molten Lithium

The densities at different temperatures of pure molten lithium chlorate and of mixtures of lithium chlorate with lithium nitrate have been determined by a method of high precision. The change of molar volume with temperature has been interpreted in the light of possible structural changes in the melt.

STUDIES ON THE THERMODYNAMICS AND CONDUCTANCES OF MOLTEN SALTS AND THEIR MIXTURES: PART II. THE VISCOSITIES, HEATS OF FUSION, AND HEAT CAPACITIES OF LITHIUM CHLORATE AND LITHIUM CHLORATE–LITHIUM NITRATE MIXTURES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1616-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
M. K. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Liquid Lithium ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Transition Formula ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Molten Lithium ◽  
The Difference

The viscosities at different temperatures of pure molten lithium chlorate and of mixtures of lithium chlorate with lithium nitrate have been determined with high precision. The heats of fusion, and the molar heat capacities of both solid and liquid lithium chlorate, and of mixtures of lithium chlorate and lithium nitrate have also been determined. The heat of the transition [Formula: see text] has been obtained as the difference between the heats of solution in water of the two forms. The enthalpy, free energy, and entropy of mixing have been derived.

STUDIES ON THE THERMODYNAMICS AND CONDUCTANCES OF MOLTEN SALTS AND THEIR MIXTURES: PART III. DENSITIES, MOLAR VOLUMES, VISCOSITIES, AND SURFACE TENSIONS OF MOLTEN LITHIUM CHLORATE, WITH SMALL ADDITIONS OF WATER, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1778-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
D. F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Molten Lithium

The density (2.088 g ce−1) at 131.8 °C and viscosity (0.35 P at 131.8 °C) and their temperature dependence, of molten lithium chlorate, have been determined. Similar results have been obtained for lithium chlorate melts containing small quantities of water. The surface tension and its temperature dependence have been determined for lithium chlorate and for several lithium chlorate – water and lithium chlorate – lithium nitrate mixtures. From these measurements the surface heat has been calculated.The results for pure lithium chlorate indicate that the melt is complex, this complexity probably caused by association of some kind. This is especially evident just above the melting point, since there the temperature change in properties is greatest.Addition of water to the lithium chlorate melt causes the melt properties, especially the viscosity, to alter considerably. These changes are in part caused by a breakdown of the structural entities in the melt.

STUDIES ON THE THERMODYNAMICS AND CONDUCTANCES OF MOLTEN SALTS AND THEIR MIXTURES: PART IV. THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCES OF MOLTEN LITHIUM CHLORATE AND OF ITS MIXTURES WITH PROPYL ALCOHOL, LITHIUM NITRATE, WATER, METHYL ALCOHOL, AND LITHIUM HYDROXIDE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1984-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
D. F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Lithium Hydroxide ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Propyl Alcohol ◽  
Electrical Conductances ◽  
Molten Lithium

The electrical conductance and its temperature dependence of molten lithium chlorate have been determined. Similar results have been obtained for lithium chlorate melts containing small quantities of methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide, and water.The results obtained, taken in conjunction with the results of previous work, all indicate that the melt is complex. There is probably considerable association and this is especially evident slightly above the melting point: at temperatures in this region the temperature change of the properties of the lithium chlorate melt is greatest.The activation energy of conductance is approximately the same as the activation energy of viscous flow, for pure lithium chlorate melt and for mixtures of lithium chlorate with lithium nitrate. From this it appears that the melt constituents are not principally the simple ions, but that some form of cohesion exists between the simple constituents of the melt.The addition of water to the lithium chlorate melt causes the melt properties to alter considerably, especially the transport properties, viscosity and conductance. It is suggested that these changes may in part be due to a breakup of the structural entities of the pure melt, though the increase in electrical conductance cannot be completely explained in this way. A cryoscopic investigation seems to indicate that water is •not present as such in the melt.

scholarly journals A study on Volumetric and Viscometric Properties for the Mixtures of DMF and Other Alcohols from Temperatures ranges 303.15K to 323.15K

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Md. Zaved Hossain Khan ◽  
Md Helal Uddin ◽  
Md Shahrul Islam ◽  
G.M Arifuzzaman Khan ◽  
Md. Abdullah Al Muhit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molar Volume ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Excess Molar Volume ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Excess Molar Volumes ◽  
Energy Of Activation ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Excess Viscosities ◽  
Different Temperatures

Densities, p, and viscosities, ?, of four binary systems: N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) + 1-propanol, DMF + 2-propanol, DMF + butanol and DMF + 1-pentanol have been measured at five different temperatures ranging form 303.15K to 323.15K at an interval of 5K. Excess molar volumes were found to be negative over the entire concentration ranges. The negative excess molar volume decreases with the increase of chain length of alcohol, the magnitude follows the order DMF+ 1-propanol >, + 2-propanol >, +butanol >, + 1-pentanol. The change of viscosity has been found to be sensitive to the chain length of alcohols. Excess viscosities and Grunberg- Nissan interaction parameters have been found to be positive for DMF + 1-propanol and DMF + 2-propanol systems, and negative for other two systems DMF + butanol and DMF + 1-pentanol. The thermodynamic energy of activation; such as, positive ?G#E each also compatible with the observation.

Heat Treatment Influence on the Corrosion Resistance of a Cu-Al-Fe-Mn Bronze

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ciurdas ◽  
Ioana Arina Gherghescu ◽  
Sorin Ciuca ◽  
Alina Daniela Necsulescu ◽  
Cosmin Cotrut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Galvanic Corrosion ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures

Aluminium bronzes are exhibiting good corrosion resistance in saline environments combined with high mechanical properties. Their corrosion resistance is obviously confered by the alloy chemical composition, but it can also be improved by heat treatment structural changes. In the present paper, five Cu-Al-Fe-Mn bronze samples were subjected to annealing heat treatments with furnace cooling, water quenching and water quenching followed by tempering at three different temperatures: 200, 400 and 550�C. The heating temperature on annealing and quenching was 900�C. The structure of the heat treated samples was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, the five samples were submitted to corrosion tests. The best resistance to galvanic corrosion was showed by the quenched sample, but it can be said that all samples are characterized by close values of open-circuit potentials and corrosion potentials. Concerning the susceptibility to other types of corrosion (selective leaching, pitting, crevice corrosion), the best corrosion resistant structure consists of a solid solution, g2 and k compounds, corresponding to the quenched and 550�C tempered sample.

Molecular Interactions Investigation of L-Histidine in Water and in Aqueous Citric Acid at Different Temperatures Using Volumetric and Acoustic Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Shashi Kant Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Apparent Molar Volume ◽  
Adiabatic Compressibility ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Intermolecular Free Length ◽  
Acoustic Methods ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractDensities,ρand ultrasonic speeds, u of L-histidine (0.02–0.12 mol·kg−1) in water and 0.1 mol·kg−1aqueous citric acid solutions were measured over the temperature range (298.15–313.15) K with interval of 5 K at atmospheric pressure. From these experimental data apparent molar volume ΦV, limiting apparent molar volume ΦVOand the slopeSV, partial molar expansibilities ΦEO, Hepler’s constant, adiabatic compressibilityβ, transfer volume ΦV, trO, intermolecular free length (Lf), specific acoustic impedance (Z) and molar compressibility (W) were calculated. The results are interpreted in terms of solute–solute and solute–solvent interactions in these systems. It has also been observed that L-histidine act as structure maker in water and aqueous citric acid.

Electrohydrodynamic ion emission from molten lithium nitrate

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Panitz ◽  
A. L. Pregenzer ◽  
R. A. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Molten Lithium ◽  
Ion Emission

Density estimates of binary aqueous solutions

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2327-2334
Author(s):  
Otakar Söhnel ◽  
Petr Novotný ◽  
Zdeněk Šolc
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Partial Molar Volume ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Experimental Values

Two methods are given for assessment of density of binary aqueous solutions of electrolytes; one is based on partial molar volume of the dissolved electrolyte at infinite dilution, and the other is based on additivity of apparent molar volumes at a given concentration. The density estimates of aqueous solutions by means of the two methods are compared with experimental values for some electrolytes of the type 1-1 to 4 and 2-2. In all cases the estimates agree with experimental densities up to concentrations of the saturated solutions.

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