scholarly journals THE RELATIVE ACID STRENGTHS OF SUBSTITUTED PICRIC ACIDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1106-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Elder ◽  
Raymond P. Mariella
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Aqueous Method ◽  
Aqueous Conditions ◽  
Acidity Scale ◽  
Relative Acidity

The relative acidity of substituted picric acids has been determined using special non-aqueous titration techniques. Other organic and inorganic acids, whose acidities in water are well known, were also determined using this non-aqueous method. A correlation of the relative acidities of known acids in water with the relative acidities of these same acids, as measured under the non-aqueous conditions used, was excellent. Using this technique a single relative acidity scale was determined ranging from acids as strong as perchloric to acids as weak as acetic acid.

scholarly journals Fighting Covid-19 with the Help of Alkaline Diet

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-247
Author(s):  
Jaya Khandar ◽  
Achita Sawarkar ◽  
Madhuri Shambharkar ◽  
Sonali Kolhekar ◽  
Khushbu Meshram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Relative Acidity

The relative acidity or alkalinity of all substances in nature can be categorised. The term acid is derived from the Latin word "acidus," that is to state "to eat."" which meaning "sour or tangy." Several of them the typical substances that are acidic we come into  touch with have these characteristics, such as salad dressing vinegar, Beverages, which contain phosphoric acid and carbon dioxide, and black tea, which contains tannic acid, all contain acetic acid. Grapefruits, oranges, lemons, and limes contain citric acid, while grapes have tartaric acid. The acid-alkaline diet, or alkaline ash diet, is another name for the alkaline diet. Food is divided into three groups in the alkaline diet: acidic, neutral, and alkaline. Red meat, poultry, fish, chocolate, wheat, and alcohol are all acidic foods. Natural fats such as butter, most oils, milk, and cream are all included in neutral meals. Foods that are alkaline make up the majority of fruits and vegetables.

Quaternized Chitosan Nanoparticles in Vaccine Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (30) ◽  
pp. 4932-4944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Yu ◽  
Shengnan Hao ◽  
Beini Sun ◽  
Dongying Zhao ◽  
Xingye Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Quaternized Chitosan ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Biomedical Field

Different natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers have been used in vaccine formulations as adjuvant and delivery system but have faced various limitations. Chitosan is a new delivery system with the potential to improve development of nano vaccines and drugs. However, chitosan is only soluble in acidic solutions of low concentration inorganic acids such as dilute acetic acid and dilute hydrochloric acid and in pure organic solvents, which greatly limits its application. Chemical modification of chitosan is an important way to improve its weak solubility. Quaternized chitosan not only retains the excellent properties of chitosan, but also improves its water solubility for a wider application. Recently, quaternized chitosan nanoparticles have been widely used in biomedical field. This review focuses on some quaternized chitosan nanoparticles, and points out the advantages and research direction of quaternized chitosan nanoparticles. As shown by the applications of quaternized chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvant and delivery carrier in vaccines, quaternized chitosan nanoparticles have promising potential in application for the development of nano vaccines in the future.

Semi-empirical calculations on the structure of the oxonium ion in various crystal sites and relative acidity scale

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Fournier ◽  
Marcel Allavena ◽  
Antoine Potier
Keyword(s):  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Acidity Scale ◽  
Relative Acidity

Relative acidity scale of bile acids through ESI-MS measurements

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 3674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Bortolini ◽  
Giancarlo Fantin ◽  
Valeria Ferretti ◽  
Marco Fogagnolo ◽  
Pier Paolo Giovannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Acidity Scale ◽  
Relative Acidity

scholarly journals Crystal structure of 1H-imidazol-3-ium 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)acetate

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. o979-o980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaaban K. Mohamed ◽  
Mehmet Akkurt ◽  
Herman Potgieter ◽  
Muizz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Stacking Interactions ◽  
Π Interactions ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Aqueous Conditions

The title salt, C3H5N2+·C10H6NO4−, was obtained during a study of the co-crystallization ofN′-[bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methylene]isonicotinohydrazide with (1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)acetic acid under aqueous conditions. The 1,3-dioxoisoindolinyl ring system of the anion is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.023 (2) Å]. In the crystal, cations and anions are linkedviaclassical N—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. Weak C—H...π interactions and π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.4728 (13) and 3.7339 (13) Å] also occur in the crystal.

scholarly journals Coulometric-potentiometric determination of autoprotolysis constant and relative acidity scale of water

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1575-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Dzudovic ◽  
Ljiljana Jaksic
Keyword(s):  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Electrolytic Cell ◽  
Electrode Pair ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Palladium Electrode ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrogen ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Acidity Scale ◽  
Relative Acidity

The autoprotolysis constant and relative acidity scale of water were determined by applying the coulometric-potentiometric method and a hydrogen/palladium (H2/Pd) generator anode. In the described procedure for the evaluation of autoprotolysis constant, a strong base generated coulometrically at the platinum cathode in situ in the electrolytic cell, in presence of sodium perchlorate as the supporting electrolyte, is titrated with hydrogen ions obtained by the anodic oxidation of hydrogen dissolved in palladium electrode. The titration was carried out with a glass-SCE electrode pair at 25.0?0.1?C. The value obtained pKw = 13.91 ? 0.06 is in agreement with literature data. The range of acidity scale of water is determined from the difference between the halfneutralization potentials of electrogenerated perchloric acid and that of sodium hydroxide in a sodium perchlorate medium. The halfneutralization potentials were measured using both a glass-SCE and a (H2/Pd)ind-SCE electrode pairs. A wider range of relative acidity scale of water was obtained with the glass-SCE electrode pair.

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