REACTION OF ANHYDROSEPEDONIN WITH ALKALI SYNTHESIS OF A DEGRADATION PRODUCT AND SOME RELATED DIMETHYLHYDROXYBENZOIC ACIDS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Divekar ◽  
L. C. Vining
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Degradation Product ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acids

Two products have been isolated from the reaction of anhydrosepedonin with alkali and identified as 3-hydroxy-5-methyl benzoic acid and 3,4-dimethyl-5-hydroxybenzoic acid. The structure of the latter compound was established by unambiguous synthesis. In the course of this work the remaining o- and m-hydroxybenzoic acids derived from o-xylene were also prepared.

Formation of Benzoic Acid and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in the Blue Green Alga Anacystis nidulans: A Thylakoid-Bound Enzyme Complex Analogous to the Chloroplast System

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Löffelhardt ◽  
H. Kindl
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Anacystis Nidulans ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Enzyme Complexes

Abstract Membrane-Bound Enzyme Complexes, Anacystis nidulans, Thylakoids, Benzoate Synthase The photosynthetic procaryote Anacystis nidulans converts L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine into benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. Results obtained with thylakoid fractions support the hypothesis that the reaction sequence is catalyzed by thylakoid-bound enzyme complexes consisting of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and benzoate synthase or tyrosine ammonia-lyase and p-hydroxybenzoate synthase, respectively. Both complexes do not accept phenylacetic acids as substrates, and cinnamic acids only at a small extent. These properties suggest a striking similarity to a benzoic acid-synthesizing enzyme system from higher plants which is situated at the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. The respective complexes of Dunaliella marina and Porphyridium sp. were included in this comparison.

scholarly journals CO2 Improved Synthesis of Benzimidazole with the Catalysis of a New Calcium 4-Amino-3-hydroxybenzoate

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Ruo-Xuan Gao ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Gao ◽  
Ning Zhu ◽  
Li-Min Han
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Calcium Salt ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Catalyst Screening

In this paper, we explored the synthesis of benzimidazole by the reaction of DMF and o-phenylenediamine. In the process of catalyst screening, we found that 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid could catalyze the reaction. Moreover, the calcium 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate and CO2 could more effectively catalyze the reaction, the synergistic effect of CO2 and 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid calcium salt can increase the yield of benzimidazole from 28% to 94%.

Synergistic staphylocidal interaction of benzoic acid derivatives (benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and β-resorcylic acid) and capric acid: mechanism and verification study using artificial skin

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
H W Kim ◽  
Y S Seok ◽  
M S Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Capric Acid ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Artificial Skin ◽  
Membrane Disruption ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Ion Imbalance

Abstract Objectives The present study was designed to investigate a synergistic staphylocidal interaction of antimicrobials. Methods The widely used preservative benzoic acid (BzA) and its derivatives [4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HA) and β-resorcylic acid (β-RA)] combined with capric acid (CPA) were investigated. Results β-RA was identified as the most effective antimicrobial exhibiting synergistic action with CPA against both Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA. For example, a complete reduction of bacteria (>7.3 log reduction) was obtained within 5 min after treatment with 5.0 mM β-RA (0.079%) plus 0.20 mM CPA (0.004%), while treatment with each material individually showed low bactericidal effects (<1.5 log reduction). Flow cytometry analysis identified membrane disruption related to the synergistic mechanisms, including the following: (i) membrane disruption by CPA (69.2% of cells were damaged by 0.20 mM CPA treatment); (ii) antimicrobial entry through the damaged membrane; and (iii) cytoplasmic ion imbalance resulting in cell death. We verified that the synergistic combination was also effective against MRSA on artificial skin (99.989% elimination after 5 min). Conclusions We used only consumer-preferred natural-borne antimicrobials and a very small amount of material was needed based on the synergistic effects. Therefore, these antimicrobials can be widely used as alternative anti-MRSA compounds in healthcare products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, foods and for environmental hygiene.

Biosynthese von p-Hydroxybenzoesäure und anderer Benzoesäuren in höheren Pflanzen

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Zenk ◽  
G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Catalpa Ovata

Feeding experiments with glucose- (2-14C), phenylalanine- (3-14C), tyrosine- (3-14C) and p-coumaric acid- (3-14C) showed that the latter three substances are incorporated in good yields into p-hydroxybenzoic acid in leaves of Catalpa ovata. Kinetic experiments showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid is formed from phenylalanine via p-coumaric acid and the subsequent β-oxidation of the side chain. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid can also be synthetised by hydroxylation of benzoic acid, but this does not seem to be the biosynthetic route in Catalpa.Phenylalanine- (3-14C) is also incorporated into benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, and vanillic acid by different plants; the radioactivity of the β-C atom of the amino acid was found in each case to be located in the carboxyl group of the C6 — C1 acid. This suggests that in higher plants the benzoic acids are formed from the corresponding cinnamic acids via β-oxidation.

Destruction of EDTA by Bimetallic Al-Fe/O2 Process under Aqueous Room Temperature and Pressure Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jin Hong Fan ◽  
Lu Ming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Oxidative degradation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in aqueous solution at room temperature and pressure by the bimetallic Al-Fe/O2 process, which was verified by the addition of benzoic acid as ·OH scavenger and the detection of para-hydroxybenzoic acid, was investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of EDTA, TOC and TN could be about 98%, 77.5% and 43% respectively after 3h reaction when the initial pH was 5. The effects of initial pH, concentration of EDTA, mass ratio of Al0 and Fe0 and Al-Fe loading were also investigated. Significantly, the bimetallic Al-Fe process exhibited higher reactivity than monometallic Fe0/Al0 process for the degradation of EDTA when the mass ratio of Al0 and Fe0 ranged from 0.11 to 2.97.

scholarly journals Autotoxicity in Some Ornamentals with the Means to Overcome It

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1346-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Asao ◽  
Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽  
Kazuyori Ushio ◽  
Yukio Sueda ◽  
Takuya Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Prairie Gentian ◽  
Pot Marigold ◽  
Sweet Pea

Autotoxicity in some ornamentals was investigated. The plants were grown by hydroponics with or without the addition of activated charcoal (AC) to the nutrient solution. The AC was used to trap the exuded organics from roots. Among the 37 plants under study, growth of lily, prairie gentian, corn poppy, farewell-to-spring, rocket larkspur, and carnation was drastically reduced in the absence of AC compared with those in the presence of AC in the nutrient solution. Root exudates of some plants were analyzed and several organic compounds were detected. The strong growth inhibitors such as lactic acid in pot marigold, benzoic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in lily, o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in rocket larkspur, benzoic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in sweet pea, and maleic and benzoic acid in prairie gentian were detected in the root exudates. The reduced growth of prairie gentian after prolonged cultivation in a field might be avoided by amending the soil with AC at a rate of 60 kg·10a−1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document