OCCURRENCE OF trans-9-trans-12-OCTADECADIENOIC ACID AS A SEED OIL COMPONENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1888-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Chisholm ◽  
C. Y. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Chilopsis Linearis

trans-9-trans-12-Octadecadienoic acid was found to be a component of the glyceride oil of the seeds of Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet. It was isolated by fractional crystallization of the acids at low temperatures and removal of conjugated acids as their adducts with maleic anhydride. Identification was made by absorption spectra and by preparation of derivatives and degradative products. The acid is estimated to constitute about 15% of the total fatty acids of the oil. Linoleic acid was also identified.

Study on Antioxidant Activities of Pinus armandi franch Seed Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1294-1301
Author(s):  
Jian Xia Guo ◽  
Chang Lu Wang ◽  
Zhi Jian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

Pinus armandi franch is a unique specialty plant in China and its seed oil contains high levels of essential fatty acids (EFA), particularly linoleic acid (LA), which has several pharmaceutical properties. Pinus armandi franch seed oil is a nice resource of linoleic acid with a content of 63% of the total fatty acids. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, whose absence in a normal diet is responsible for the development of various abnormal disorders. This work reported purified LA from Pinus armandi franch seed oil could lower MDA content of lipid peroxidation on rats with hyperlipidemia significantly. TAC activity of liver, heart and serum was enhanced significantly, as well as SOD activity was increased. It demonstrated purified LA from Pinus armandi franch seed oil could improve antioxidant levels of hyperlipidemia rats effectively, enhance the activity of antioxidant enzyme and reduce the content of lipid peroxide, thereby improving lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Conjugated Linoleic Acid Accumulation via 10-Hydroxy-12-Octadecaenoic Acid during Microaerobic Transformation of Linoleic Acid by Lactobacillus acidophilus

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1246-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ogawa ◽  
Kenji Matsumura ◽  
Shigenobu Kishino ◽  
Yoriko Omura ◽  
Sakayu Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Cla Isomers ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACT Specific isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid with potentially beneficial physiological and anticarcinogenic effects, were efficiently produced from linoleic acid by washed cells ofLactobacillus acidophilus AKU 1137 under microaerobic conditions, and the metabolic pathway of CLA production from linoleic acid is explained for the first time. The CLA isomers produced were identified as cis-9, trans-11- ortrans-9, cis-11-octadecadienoic acid andtrans-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid. Preceding the production of CLA, hydroxy fatty acids identified as 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecaenoic acid and 10-hydroxy-trans-12-octadecaenoic acid had accumulated. The isolated 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecaenoic acid was transformed into CLA during incubation with washed cells of L. acidophilus, suggesting that this hydroxy fatty acid is one of the intermediates of CLA production from linoleic acid. The washed cells of L. acidophilus producing high levels of CLA were obtained by cultivation in a medium containing linoleic acid, indicating that the enzyme system for CLA production is induced by linoleic acid. After 4 days of reaction with these washed cells, more than 95% of the added linoleic acid (5 mg/ml) was transformed into CLA, and the CLA content in total fatty acids recovered exceeded 80% (wt/wt). Almost all of the CLA produced was in the cells or was associated with the cells as free fatty acid.

FLAVOUR REVERSION IN HYDROGENATED LINSEED OIL: I. THE PRODUCTION OF AN ISOMER OF LINOLEIC ACID FROM LINOLENIC ACID

1944 ◽  
Vol 22f (6) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Spectral Method ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Isomeric Acid

Linseed oil that has been hydrogenated to a plastic consistency is subject to a type of deterioration termed "flavour reversion" when heated to temperatures used in baking or frying. Investigation of the course of hydrogenation of linseed oil by the spectral method of Mitchell, Kraybill, and Zscheile (11) has indicated that linolenic acid is converted to an isomeric linoleic acid; this acid differs from naturally occurring linoleic acid in that the double bonds are in such positions that diene conjugation is not produced by high-temperature saponification. In a typical hydrogenation, the concentration of the isomeric acid increased to a maximum, at about iodine number 120, of 18% of the total fatty acids, and at iodine number 80, at which point the plasticity was similar to that of a commercial shortening, the concentration of the isomer was 13%. Evidence is presented that the isomeric linoleic acid in partially hydrogenated linseed oil is responsible for the unpleasant flavour that develops when the oil is heated.

scholarly journals Aloe ferox Seed: A Potential Source of Oil for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Dangarembizi ◽  
Eliton Chivandi ◽  
Kennedy Erlwanger
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Aloe Ferox ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Aloe ferox is an important medicinal plant in Southern Africa whose seeds could be useful as a source of oil. The fatty acid composition of A. ferox seed oil was determined using gas chromatography. The physicochemical properties of the oil were analysed using standard methods. The seeds yielded 19.4% of a light textured oil using the Blight and Dyer's method and 12.3% using the Soxhlet extraction method. The saponification value of the seed oil was 241.9 mg KOH/g and the peroxide value was 8.9 meq/kg. The acid value of the seed oil was 51.5 mg KOH/g (25.9% free fatty acids). The major fatty acids found in the seed oil were linoleic acid (71.8%), oleic acid (12.0%), palmitic acid (11.2%) and stearic acid (2.9%). The results obtained suggest that as A. ferox seed oil is high in linoleic acid, it could be potentially exploited in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

THE FATTY ACIDS OF HARE'S-EAR MUSTARD SEED OIL

1946 ◽  
Vol 24b (5) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Fractionation Method

The fatty oil of hare's-ear mustard seed (Conringia orientalis L.) was examined. Constants of the oil were determined and a partial separation of the fatty acids was carried out by the methyl ester fractionation method. Palmitic, oleic, linoleic, eicosenoic, erucic, and lignoceric acids were identified. Erucic acid was found to be present in largest amount. The oil resembles rapeseed and other Cruciferae seed oils in this respect. The content of eicosenoic acid is estimated to be not more than 12% of the total fatty acids.

scholarly journals Impact of methods used to express levels of circulating fatty acids on the degree and direction of associations with blood lipids in humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sergeant ◽  
Ingo Ruczinski ◽  
Priscilla Ivester ◽  
Tammy C. Lee ◽  
Timothy M. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractNumerous studies have examined relationships between disease biomarkers (such as blood lipids) and levels of circulating or cellular fatty acids. In such association studies, fatty acids have typically been expressed as the percentage of a particular fatty acid relative to the total fatty acids in a sample. Using two human cohorts, this study examined relationships between blood lipids (TAG, and LDL, HDL or total cholesterol) and circulating fatty acids expressed either as a percentage of total or as concentration in serum. The direction of the correlation between stearic acid, linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and DHA and circulating TAG reversed when fatty acids were expressed as concentrationsv. a percentage of total. Similar reversals were observed for these fatty acids when examining their associations with the ratio of total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol. This reversal pattern was replicated in serum samples from both human cohorts. The correlations between blood lipids and fatty acids expressed as a percentage of total could be mathematically modelled from the concentration data. These data reveal that the different methods of expressing fatty acids lead to dissimilar correlations between blood lipids and certain fatty acids. This study raises important questions about how such reversals in association patterns impact the interpretation of numerous association studies evaluating fatty acids and their relationships with disease biomarkers or risk.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding buckwheat and chicory silages on fatty acid profile and cheese-making properties of milk from dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasja Kälber ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Florian Leiber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Fresh buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) had been shown to have the potential to improve certain milk quality traits when fed as forages to dairy cows. However, the process of ensiling might alter these properties. In the present study, two silages, prepared from mixtures of buckwheat or chicory and ryegrass, were compared with pure ryegrass silage (Lolium multiflorum) by feeding to 3 × 6 late-lactating cows. The dietary dry matter proportions realised for buckwheat and chicory were 0·46 and 0·34 accounting also for 2 kg/d of concentrate. Data and samples were collected from days 10 to 15 of treatment feeding. Buckwheat silage was richest in condensed tannins. Proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and α-linoleic acid in total fatty acids (FA) were highest in the ryegrass silage. Feed intake, milk yield and milk gross composition did not differ among the groups. Feeding buckwheat resulted in the highest milk fat concentrations (g/kg) of linoleic acid (15·7) and total PUFA (40·5; bothP < 0·05 compared with ryegrass). The concentration of α-linolenic acid in milk fat was similar across treatments, but its apparent recovery in milk relative to the amounts ingested was highest with buckwheat. The same was true for the occurrence of FA biohydrogenation products in milk relative to α-linolenic acid intake. Recovery of dietary linoleic acid in milk remained unaffected. Feeding buckwheat silage shortened rennet coagulation time by 26% and tended (P < 0·1) to increase curd firmness by 29%. In conclusion, particularly buckwheat silage seems to have a certain potential to modify the transfer of FA from feed to milk and to contribute to improved cheese-making properties.

scholarly journals The vitamin E nutritional status of rats fed on diets high in fish oil, linseed oil or sunflower seed oil

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Farwer ◽  
Bernardus C. J. Der Boer ◽  
Edward Haddeman ◽  
Gerardus A. A. Kivits ◽  
Antoon Wiersma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Sunflower Seed Oil

Twelve groups of eight rats and two control groups of sixteen rats were given semisynthetic diets with 40% energy as fat for a period of 76 d. All diets contained a minimum of 3% energy as linoleic acid and comparable basal levels of D-α- and D-γ-tocopherol. The diets varied in fat composition and in the content of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate. The diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were either rich in fish oil (FO; groups 1–4; 10% energy as fish oil PUFA), linseed oil (LN; groups 1–4; 10% energy as α-linolenic acid) or sunflower seed oil (SF; groups 1–4; 10 + 3% energy as linoleic acid). The control groups were given a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA; CO 1; 10 + 13% energy as oleic acid) or a diet with an ‘average’ linoleic acid content (CO 2; 8.5% energy as linoleic acid). Of each high PUFA diet three groups were supplemented with graded levels of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate. Steatitis, a sensitive histopathological indicator of vitamin E deficiency in animals fed on diets rich in fatty acids with three or more double bonds, was observed only in the adipose tissue of the FO groups, even in the group with the highest DL-α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation. Liver and serum α- tocopherol levels were found to be positively correlated and liver and serum γ-tocopherol levels negatively correlated with dietary DL-α-tocopheryl acetate. The groups on the FO diets had significantly reduced liver and serum tocopherol levels in comparison with the groups on the other high-PUFA diets. With the supplementation scheme used for the FO groups the liver α-tocopherol levels of both control groups were reached but the serum control levels were not.

Some reactions of sterculic and malvalic acids. A new source of malvalic acid

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 759-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Roomi ◽  
C. Y. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sterculic Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Malvalic Acid ◽  
Alkaline Permanganate ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Oxidation of sterculic acid by aqueous alkaline permanganate gave 9,11-dioxononadecanoic acid. Oxidation of sterculic acid by peracetic acid gave a mixture of 9-oxononadec-10-enoic and 11-oxononadec-9-enoic acids. Acetolysis of malvalic acid gave a mixture of 8-hydroxy-9-methylene-heptadecanoic and 9-hydroxy-8-methylene-heptadecanoic acids. Seed oil of Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. (family Sterculiaceae) contained malvalic acid as its major cyclopropenoid component. It comprised about 16% of the total fatty acids.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes Associated with Fatty Acid Content of Watermelon Seed

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Meru ◽  
Cecilia McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Watermelon Seed

Seed oil percentage (SOP) and fatty acid composition of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds are important traits in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia where the seeds provide a significant source of nutrition and income. Oil yield from watermelon seed exceeds 50% (w/w) and is high in unsaturated fatty acids, a profile comparable to that of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and soybean (Glycine max) oil. As a result of novel non-food uses of plant-derived oils, there is an increasing need for more sources of vegetable oil. To improve the nutritive value of watermelon seed and position watermelon as a potential oil crop, it is critical to understand the genetic factors associated with SOP and fatty acid composition. Although the fatty acid composition of watermelon seed is well documented, the underlying genetic basis has not yet been studied. Therefore, the current study aimed to elucidate the quality of watermelon seed oil and identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition. Seed from an F2 population developed from a cross between an egusi type (PI 560023), known for its high SOP, and Strain II (PI 279261) was phenotyped for palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), and linoleic acid (18:2). Significant (P < 0.05) correlations were found between palmitic and oleic acid (0.24), palmitic and linoleic acid (–0.37), stearic and linoleic acid (–0.21), and oleic and linoleic acid (–0.92). A total of eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with fatty acid composition with a QTL for oleic and linoleic acid colocalizing on chromosome (Chr) 6. Eighty genes involved in fatty biosynthesis including those modulating the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were identified from the functionally annotated genes on the watermelon draft genome. Several fatty acid biosynthesis genes were found within and in close proximity to the QTL identified in this study. A gene (Cla013264) homolog to fatty acid elongase (FAE) was found within the 1.5-likelihood-odds (LOD) interval of the QTL for palmitic acid (R2 = 7.6%) on Chr 2, whereas Cla008157, a homolog to omega-3-fatty acid desaturase and Cla008263, a homolog to FAE, were identified within the 1.5-LOD interval of the QTL for palmitic acid (R2 = 24.7%) on Chr 3. In addition, the QTL for palmitic acid on Chr 3 was located ≈0.60 Mbp from Cla002633, a gene homolog to fatty acyl- [acyl carrier protein (ACP)] thioesterase B. A gene (Cla009335) homolog to ACP was found within the flanking markers of the QTL for oleic acid (R2 = 17.9%) and linoleic acid (R2 = 21.5%) on Chr 6, whereas Cla010780, a gene homolog to acyl-ACP desaturase was located within the QTL for stearic acid (R2 = 10.2%) on Chr 7. On Chr 8, another gene (Cla013862) homolog to acyl-ACP desaturase was found within the 1.5-LOD interval of the QTL for oleic acid (R2 = 13.5%). The genes identified in this study are possible candidates for the development of functional markers for application in marker-assisted selection for fatty acid composition in watermelon seed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that aimed to elucidate genetic control of the fatty acid composition of watermelon seed.

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