THE INFRARED SPECTRA OF TRIMETHYL ALUMINUM, DIMETHYL ALUMINUM CHLORIDE, METHYL ALUMINUM DICHLORIDE, METHYL TITANIUM TRICHLORIDE, DIMETHYL TITANIUM DICHLORIDE, AND SOME DEUTERIUM DERIVATIVES

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Trans Configuration ◽  
Titanium Dichloride ◽  
Titanium Trichloride ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Titanium Compounds ◽  
Trimethyl Aluminum ◽  
Chloride Methyl

The vapor phase infrared spectra to 300 cm−1 are discussed and assignments made for the compounds (CH3)6Al2, (CD3)6Al2, (CH3)4Al2Cl2, (CD3)4Al2Cl2, (CH3)2Al2Cl4, CH3TiCl3, CD3TiCl3, and (CH3)2TiCl2. The assignments differ significantly from those previously published, but are consistent throughout the series of aluminum compounds and with related spectra. The data are in agreement with a bridged structure for trimethyl aluminum of D2h or C2h symmetry and with a bridged structure of dimethyl aluminum chloride with chlorine bridging. The dimer (CH3)2Al2Cl4 is shown to exist in the trans configuration. Evidence is presented indicating that an impurity is commonly found in spectra of dimethyl aluminum chloride which is identified as the mixed dimer (CH3)3Al2Cl3, aluminum sesquichloride. A number of anomalies observed in the spectra of the methyl titanium compounds are pointed out and discussed.

scholarly journals COORDINATION POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINS: CATALYST STUDIES. PART I. THE INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION OF THE SYSTEMS (CH3)3Al–TiCl4 AND (CH3)2Zn–TiCl4

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1502-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Gray ◽  
A. B. Callear ◽  
F. H. C. Edgecombe
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigation ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Active Catalyst ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Coordination Polymerization ◽  
Titanium Dichloride ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic ◽  
Titanium Trichloride ◽  
Trimethyl Aluminum

An infrared spectroscopic investigation of the reaction between titanium tetrachloride and trimethyl aluminum in the vapor phase was carried out at six different reactant ratios. The study defined the course of the initial reactions; demonstrated the importance of equilibria among the products in this system as contrasted with dimethyl zinc – titanium tetrachloride; indicated the relative alkylating power of trimethyl, dimethylchloro, and methyldichloro aluminum toward titanium tetrachloride and methyl titanium trichloride; and supported the view that the active catalyst site in such systems is the titanium–carbon bond in reduced titanium alkyls. A new mode of decomposition of methyl titanium trichloride leading to active catalyst was found which can account for reported variable catalyst activities at Al/Ti ratios less than 1. Individual infrared spectra in the range 1500 to 300 cm−1 for trimethyl aluminum, dimethyl aluminum dichloride, methyl aluminum dichloride, methyl titanium trichloride, and dimethyl titanium dichloride as well as those of the initial reaction mixtures are presented.

Correlation of vapor phase infrared spectra and regioisomeric structure in synthetic cannabinoids

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis W. Smith ◽  
Amber Thaxton-Weissenfluh ◽  
Younis Abiedalla ◽  
Jack DeRuiter ◽  
Forrest Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Regioisomeric Structure

scholarly journals Sources and doses of aluminum in experiments with rice in nutrient solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
Lucas B. de Freitas ◽  
Dirceu M. Fernandes ◽  
Suelen C. M. Maia ◽  
Arianne Moniz ◽  
Beatriz G. Mazziero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aluminum Activity ◽  
Aluminum Compounds

ABSTRACT The aluminum source to produce toxicity in upland rice in nutrient solution experiments is not yet well established, althought the aluminum potassium sulfate has been utilized source to produce aluminum toxicity. However, in recent studies have used aluminum chloride. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of aluminum sources and doses to produce toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution. The experiment was arranged in a block randomized design, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme and four repetitions. The treatments were two aluminum sources (aluminum potassium sulfate - AlK(SO4)2.12H2O and aluminum chloride - AlCl3.6H2O) and five aluminum doses in nutrient solution (0, 370, 740, 1100 and 1480 μmol L-1). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Botucatu city, São Paulo state, Brazil, starting in April 2012, and was carried out for 56 days from transplanting of the seedlings. Using aluminum chloride, the rice plants show lower production of root and total dry weight, area and root volume, medium and thick root length, potassium and sulfur contents and accumulations. Using aluminum potassium sulfate, there are lower aluminum activity and availability, besides the formation of large amount of aluminum compounds non-toxic to the plants (aluminum sulfate) in the nutrient solution. The aluminum doses between 1100 to 1480 µmol L-1, corresponding to aluminum activity of 336.8 to 429.0 µmol L-1 of aluminum chloride as source, are more effective to produce aluminum toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution.

Evaluation of Infrared Vapor-Phase Libraries for Matrix Isolation Spectral Searching

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Rogers ◽  
Robert L. White
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Matrix Isolation ◽  
Band Broadening ◽  
Library Search ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Spectral Searching ◽  
Phase Spectra

By broadening matrix isolation absorbance bands to match vapor-phase bandwidths, it is possible to employ vapor-phase libraries to provide structural information from matrix isolation infrared spectra. However, matrix effects cause frequency shifting and peak multiplicity in matrix isolation spectra which decrease correlation between matrix isolation and vapor-phase spectra. The effect of matrix effects on library search results is investigated. Of 40 matrix isolation spectra tested, 28 were identified by library search with the use of a band-broadening factor of 1.8.

scholarly journals Carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene with alkyl aluminum chloride / methyl acrylate as the initiating system

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Yixian ◽  
Wu Guanying ◽  
Sun Yufeng ◽  
Wang Yong ◽  
Wang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Acrylate ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Carbocationic Polymerization ◽  
Chloride Methyl
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