THE SYSTEM LITHIUM NITRATE–ETHANOL–WATER AND ITS COMPONENT BINARY SYSTEMS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
R. A. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Equilibrium Diagram ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Peritectic Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudobinary Systems

The system lithium nitrate–water has been investigated by thermal analysis and by X-ray powder diffraction studies. No trace of the hemihydrate reported by Donnan and Burt was found. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of LiNO3.3H2O has been obtained.The equilibrium diagram of the system ethanol–water shows an inflection at –30 °C, corresponding to 40 weight per cent ethanol. This is almost certainly a true peritectic point. The formula of the hydrate formed (if there is one) is uncertain but it may be C2H5OH.5H2O.The system lithium nitrate–ethanol could only be studied in dilute solution (of lithium nitrate) and at temperatures near room temperature, because of high viscosity and extreme supercooling. No evidence for the existence of a solid alcoholate has been obtained.The system lithium nitrate–ethanol–water has been investigated in the form of a series of pseudobinary systems containing water and alcohol in fixed ratios. No solid alcoholate of lithium nitrate has been found in solutions containing less than 50 weight per cent ethanol. The investigation could not be pushed beyond this alcohol content because of high viscosity and supercooling.

THE BINARY (ANHYDROUS) SYSTEMS NaNO3–LiNO3, LiClO3–NaClO3, LiClO3–LiNO3, NaNO3–NaClO3 AND THE QUATERNARY SYSTEM NaNO3–LiNO3–LiClO3–NaClO3

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1258-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
M. K. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Quaternary System ◽  
Sodium Chlorate ◽  
Eutectic Type ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Allotropic Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Invariant Points

The equilibrium diagrams of the systems NaNO3–LiNO3, LiClO3–NaClO3, LiClO3–LiNO3, NaNO3–NaClO3, and NaNO3–LiNO3–LiClO3–NaClO3 have been investigated by thermal analysis and, to some extent, by X-ray powder photography. All the binary systems are of the simple eutectic type, accompanied, in one instance, by considerable solid solubility. The allotropic transformation of sodium nitrate complicates the equilibria involving sodium nitrate somewhat, especially when there is solid solution.The quaternary diagram shows that in the (fused) reaction[Formula: see text]lithium nitrate and sodium chlorate constitute the stable solid pair. The two invariant points of this system are both congruent.

scholarly journals An X-ray study of the iron-nickel-aluminium ternary equilibrium diagram

1938 ◽  
Vol 166 (926) ◽  
pp. 353-375 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Equilibrium Diagram ◽  
Ternary Diagram ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Nickel

Stimulated by the special interest of iron-nickel-aluminium alloys for the permanent magnet industry, we have made an X-ray investigation of this system. The information obtained has led to a new view of the nature of the permanent magnets of iron, nickel and aluminium, which has been briefly described elsewhere (Bradley and Taylor 1937 a, b, c ). In the present paper we confine ourselves to a description of the X-ray results, which have enabled us to draw a complete ternary diagram representing the phases formed by these metals. The iron-nickel-aluminium alloys are closely related to the systems FeAl, NiAl, CoAl. Every phase which occurs in the ternary system has an analogy in one or another of these binary systems. This makes it possible to interpret the present results in the light of our previous knowledge of those systems.

Fractionation of polymethylene chains: An electron crystallographic investigation

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 794-795
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Dorset
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Pure Component ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Crystallographic Investigation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecular Sizes ◽  
The Stability

A variety of linear chain materials exist as polydisperse systems which are difficultly purified. The stability of continuous binary solid solutions assume that the Gibbs free energy of the solution is lower than that of either crystal component, a condition which includes such factors as relative molecular sizes and shapes and perhaps the symmetry of the pure component crystal structures.Although extensive studies of n-alkane miscibility have been carried out via powder X-ray diffraction of bulk samples we have begun to examine binary systems as single crystals, taking advantage of the well-known enhanced scattering cross section of matter for electrons and also the favorable projection of a paraffin crystal structure posited by epitaxial crystallization of such samples on organic substrates such as benzoic acid.

New horizons for the structural characterization of stainless steel slags by X-ray powder diffraction

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (suppl_26) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Peplinski ◽  
B. Adamczyk ◽  
G. Kley ◽  
K. Adam ◽  
F. Emmerling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Horizons

X-ray Structure Refinement and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Ca8Gd2 (PO4)6 O2

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 719-726
Author(s):  
R. Ayadi ◽  
Mohamed Boujelbene ◽  
T. Mhiri
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
General Formula ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
X Ray

The present paper is interested in the study of compounds from the apatite family with the general formula Ca10 (PO4)6A2. It particularly brings to light the exploitation of the distinctive stereochemistries of two Ca positions in apatite. In fact, Gd-Bearing oxyapatiteCa8 Gd2 (PO4)6O2 has been synthesized by solid state reaction and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction. The site occupancies of substituents is0.3333 in Gd and 0.3333 for Ca in the Ca(1) position and 0. 5 for Gd in the Ca (2) position.  Besides, the observed frequencies in the Raman and infrared spectra were explained and discussed on the basis of unit-cell group analyses.

Monitoring Polymer-Assisted Mechanochemical Cocrystallisation Through in Situ X-Ray Powder Diffraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzia S. Germann ◽  
Sebastian T. Emmerling ◽  
Manuel Wilke ◽  
Robert E. Dinnebier ◽  
Mariarosa Moneghini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Polymer Additives ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray

Time-resolved mechanochemical cocrystallisation studies have so-far focused solely on neat and liquid-assisted grinding. Here, we report the monitoring of polymer-assisted grinding reactions using <i>in situ</i> X-ray powder diffraction, revealing that reaction rate is almost double compared to neat grinding and independent of the molecular weight and amount of used polymer additives.<br>

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