AMINO ACIDS: IV. THE REACTION OF GLYCINE AND β-ALANINE WITH CARBON DISULPHIDE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Tarlton ◽  
A. F. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Condensation Product ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution

Glycine and β-alanine on condensation with carbon disulphide gave the corresponding l,3-di-(carboxyalkyl) thioureas. l,3-Di-(carboxymethyl) thiourea is rearranged to 2-thio-3-(carboxymethyl) hydantoin by warming with hydrochloric acid solution or heating above its melting point. Evidence is presented for the reversible condensation of 2 mole equivalents of the sodium salt of 2-thio-3-(carboxymethyl) hydantoin by the elimination of water. This condensation product is obtained as well-defined pink crystals. l,3-Di-(β-carboxyethyl) thiourea was oxidized with an alkaline solution of hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite solution to l,3-di-(β-carboxyethyl) urea. l,3-Di-(β-carboxyethyl) thiourea and l,3-di-(β-carboxyethyl) urea have been cyclized by heating with p-toluenesulphonic acid. The products were 2-thio-3-(β-carboxyethyI) hydrouracil and 3-(β-carboxyethyl) hydrouracil respectively.

Comparison of the Efficacy of a Hydrogen Peroxide Dry-Mist Disinfection System and Sodium Hypochlorite Solution for Eradication of Clostridium difficile Spores

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Barbut ◽  
D. Menuet ◽  
M. Verachten ◽  
E. Girou
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
In Situ Experiments

Objective.To compare a hydrogen peroxide dry-mist system and a 0.5% hypochlorite solution with respect to their ability to disinfect Clostridium difficile-contaminated surfaces in vitro and in situ.Design.Prospective, randomized, before-after trial.Setting.Two French hospitals affected by C. difficile.Intervention.In situ efficacy of disinfectants was assessed in rooms that had housed patients with C. difficile infection. A prospective study was performed at 2 hospitals that involved randomization of disinfection processes. When a patient with C. difficile infection was discharged, environmental contamination in the patient's room was evaluated before and after disinfection. Environmental surfaces were sampled for C. difficile by use of moistened swabs; swab samples were cultured on selective plates and in broth. Both disinfectants were tested in vitro with a spore-carrier test; in this test, 2 types of material, vinyl polychloride (representative of the room's floor) and laminate (representative of the room's furniture), were experimentally contaminated with spores from 3 C. difficile strains, including the epidemic clone ribotype 027-North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1.Results.There were 748 surface samples collected (360 from rooms treated with hydrogen peroxide and 388 from rooms treated with hypochlorite). Before disinfection, 46 (24%) of 194 samples obtained in the rooms randomized to hypochlorite treatment and 34 (19%) of 180 samples obtained in the rooms randomized to hydrogen peroxide treatment showed environmental contamination. After disinfection, 23 (12%) of 194 samples from hypochlorite-treated rooms and 4 (2%) of 180 samples from hydrogen peroxide treated rooms showed environmental contamination, a decrease in contamination of 50% after hypochlorite decontamination and 91% after hydrogen peroxide decontamination (P < .005). The in vitro activity of 0.5% hypochlorite was time dependent. The mean (±SD) reduction in initial log10 bacterial count was 4.32 ± 0.35 log10 colony-forming units after 10 minutes of exposure to hypochlorite and 4.18 ± 0.8 logl0 colony-forming units after 1 cycle of hydrogen peroxide decontamination.Conclusion.In situ experiments indicate that the hydrogen peroxide dry-mist disinfection system is significantly more effective than 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution at eradicating С difficile spores and might represent a new alternative for disinfecting the rooms of patients with C. difficile infection.

Effects of Washing and Sanitizing on the Bacterial Flora of Vacuum-Packaged Pork Loins

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. CACCIARELLI ◽  
W. C. STRINGER ◽  
M. E. ANDERSON ◽  
H. D. NAUMANN
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution

The bacteriology of boneless pork loins that were either spray-washed (SW) with water, spray-washed and sanitized with a 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution (SSCL) or spray-washed with water and sanitized with a 2% acetic acid solution (SSAA) before being vacuum packaged and stored for up to 28 d at 4.0°C was studied. Aerobic, anaerobic and lactobacilli bacterial counts immediately after treatment and at 14, 21 and 28 d were significantly lower on loins receiving the SSAA treatment than loins receiving the SW and SSCL treatment. SSCL loins had lower bacterial counts than untreated controls during 14 d of storage. SW loins had significantly lower bacterial counts than control loins only immediately after treatment. The SSAA treatment resulted in some discoloration. If this discoloration can be prevented, this treatment should be useful in extending the storage life of fresh pork.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 0.5% peracetic acid and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite on smear layer removal of root canal instrumented by three rotary systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Martins Gomes ◽  
Lais Dos Santos Lissi ◽  
Marcella Batista Pavanello Coelho ◽  
Eduardo Galera Da Silva ◽  
Frederico Canato Martinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants

<p class="western" lang="en-US"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Objective: </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 0.5% peracetic acid solution and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution on smear layer removal of root canal walls after rotary instrumentation. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Material and methods:</strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> Sixty single-rooted human teeth with standardized length had their canals instrumented by three rotary systems (Biorace, MTwo and Endowave), varying the irrigation solution, as follows (n=10): G1- Biorace System + 0.5% peracetic acid solution; G2- Biorace System + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; G3- MTwo System + 0.5% peracetic acid solution; G4- MTwo System + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution; G5- Endowave System + 0.5% peracetic acid solution; G6- Endowave System + 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. After instrumentation, the roots were cleaved and the dentin walls were evaluated by SEM at x500 and x2000 magnification for assessing the cleaning of the root canals at the cervical, middle and apical thirds. The analyzed area was quantified according to the total number of tubules present and the percentage of open tubules at each region. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey tests, at the significance level of 5%. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Results:</strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> There were no statistical significant differences among the experimental groups. In all groups the smear layer removal at cervical and medium thirds was higher than that of apical third. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>Conclusion: </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">It was concluded that the cleaning obtained at the apical third was lower in all groups studied</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US">and neither the instrumentation technique nor the irrigating solution was able to promote total smear layer removal from root canal walls.</span></span></span></p><p class="western" lang="en-US"> </p><p class="western" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"><strong>KEYWORDS: </strong></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="en-US"> Peracetic acid; Root canal irrigants; Scanning electron microscopy; Sodium hypochlorite.</span></span></span></p>

scholarly journals Safety assessment of an etidronate in a sodium hypochlorite solution: randomized double‐blind trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1274-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Ballal ◽  
P. Gandhi ◽  
P. A. Shenoy ◽  
V. Shenoy Belle ◽  
V. Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Blind Trial
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