ADDITION OF n-BUTYL MERCAPTAN TO 1-PENTENE ON IRRADIATION WITH X-RAYS OR GAMMA RAYS: I. 140 KVP. X-RAYS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1384-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fontijn ◽  
J. W. T. Spinks
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
X Rays

n-Butyl mercaptan reacts with 1-pentene when irradiated with X-rays. The dependence of reaction rate upon concentration of mercaptan and pentene has been studied as well as the dependence on dose rate. A comparison with the photoinitiated reaction is made.

Chromosome Abnormalities in Liver and Marrow of Mice Irradiated with Fast Neutrons, Gamma Rays, and X-Rays: Effect of Dose Rate

1965 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Nowell̀ ◽  
David E. Craig ◽  
Frederick A. Matthews ◽  
Leonard J. Cole ◽  
Peter C. Nowell
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
X Rays

Electrons generated from machine sources operated at or below an energy level of 10 MeV The eV (electronvolt) is the unit of energy used to measure and describe the energy of electrons and of other types of radiation. The energy of 1 eV is equivalent to the kinetic energy acquired by an electron on being accelerated through a potential difference of 1 V. The eV is a very small unit of energy. It is therefore more common to speak of keV (kiloelectronvolt = 1000 eV) or MeV (megaelectronvolt = 1 million eV). To convert eV to units of energy one can use the conversion 1 MeV = 1.602 X 10“ J (joule). Gamma rays and x-rays are part of the electromagnetic spectrum (Fig. 1), which reaches from the low-energy, long-wavelength radiowaves to the high-energy, short-wavelength cosmic rays. Radiowaves, infrared (IR) waves, and visible light are nonionizing radiations. Ultraviolet (UV) light can ionize only certain types of molecule under specific conditions and is generally not consid­ ered as ionizing radiation. X-rays and gamma rays are identical in their physical properties and in their effect on matter; they differ in their origin. X-rays are produced by machines and exhibit a wide continuous spectrum of radiation, whereas gamma rays come from radioactive isotopes (radionuclides) in a discon­ tinuous spectrum of radiation intensities. When ionizing radiation penetrates into a medium (e.g., the irradiated food) all or part of the radiation energy is absorbed by the medium. This is called the absorbed dose. The unit in which the absorbed dose is measured is the gray (Gy); it is equal to the absorption of 1 J (joule)/kg. One kGy (kilogray) = 1000 Gy. Formerly the dose unit rad was used. It was defined as 100 erg/g. The conversion of old to new units is based on the relationship 1000 rad = 1 Gy, or 1 krad = 10 Gy, or 1 Mrad = 10 kGy. The dose accumulated per unit of time is called the dose rate. Gamma ray sources provide a relatively low dose rate (typically 100-10,000 Gy/h, whereas

1995 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Small Unit

Hard X‐Rays and Gamma Rays from Type Ia Supernovae

1998 ◽  
Vol 492 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hoflich ◽  
J. C. Wheeler ◽  
A. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Type Ia Supernovae ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Ia Supernovae

Diffuse 0.5–1 keV X‐Rays and Nuclear Gamma Rays from Fast Particles in the Local Hot Bubble

1999 ◽  
Vol 511 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Tatischeff ◽  
Reuven Ramaty
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
X Rays

scholarly journals INTEGRAL serendipitous observations of solar and terrestrial X-rays and gamma rays

2021 ◽  
pp. 101616
Author(s):  
Marc Türler ◽  
Vincent Tatischeff ◽  
Volker Beckmann ◽  
Eugene Churazov
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
X Rays
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