THE SYSTEM LITHIUM CHLORATE – LITHIUM CHLORIDE – WATER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1647-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
J. E. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Equilibrium Diagram ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chloride Form ◽  
Double Salts ◽  
Chloride Water

The equilibrium diagram of the system lithium chlorate – water has been determined at all temperatures and that of the system lithium chlorate – lithium chloride – water at the temperatures 3.0°, 6.0°, 8.5°, and 25.0 °C.Lithium chlorate forms three hydrates having the formulae:(i) (LiClO3)4.H2O—stable in contact with solution from 20.5° to 42.0 °C.(ii) LiClO3.H2O—stable in contact with solution from −0.1° to 20.5 °C.(iii) LiClO3.3 H2O—melts congruently at 8.4 °C.Hydrate (i) was discovered by Berg but he gave to it the formula (LiClO3)3.H2O.Lithium chlorate and lithium chloride form no double salts at the temperatures of investigation.Lithium chlorate exists in two enantiotropic forms, namely the α and the β forms. The transition, α ↔ β, takes place at 99.8 °C. and the α form has the lower density. The γ form, proposed by Kraus and Burgess, does not exist either stably or metastably. The X-ray diffraction pattern of β-LiClO3 has been obtained.

Electron Microscopy of Shock Loaded Polycrystalline Beryllium

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 506-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Galbraith ◽  
L. E. Murr ◽  
A. L. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Slip Systems ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Uniaxial compression tests and hydrostatic tests at pressures up to 27 kbars have been performed to determine operating slip systems in single crystal and polycrystal1ine beryllium. A recent study has been made of wave propagation in single crystal beryllium by shock loading to selectively activate various slip systems, and this has been followed by a study of wave propagation and spallation in textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. An alteration in the X-ray diffraction pattern has been noted after shock loading, but this alteration has not yet been correlated with any structural change occurring during shock loading of polycrystal1ine beryllium.This study is being conducted in an effort to characterize the effects of shock loading on textured, polycrystal1ine beryllium. Samples were fabricated from a billet of Kawecki-Berylco hot pressed HP-10 beryllium.

Cytomembrane Preservation in Tissue Dehydrated Only With Glutaraldehyde and Epon 812 Resin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Unpublished Study ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sectioned Material

A previous study demonstrated that tissue could be successfully infiltrated with 50% glutaraldehyde, and then subsequently polymerized with urea to create an embedment which retained cytomembrane lipids in sectioned material. As a result, the 180-190 Å periodicity characteristic of fresh, mammalian myelin was preserved in sections, as was a brilliant birefringence, and the capacity to bind OsO4 vapor in the hydrophobic bilayers. An associated (unpublished) study, carried out in co-operation with Drs. C.K. Akers and D.F. Parsons, demonstrated that the high concentration of glutaraldehyde (and urea) did not significantly alter the X-ray diffraction pattern of aldehyde-fixed, myelin. Thus, by itself, 50% glutaraldehyde has little effect upon cytomembrane systems and can be used with confidence for the first stages of dehydration.

scholarly journals Efficient methods of X-ray diffraction pattern inversion

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 102605
Author(s):  
Ian Gregory Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction analysis of matter taking into account the second harmonic in the scattering of powerful ultrashort pulses of an electromagnetic field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Eseev ◽  
A. A. Goshev ◽  
K. A. Makarova ◽  
D. N. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Ultrashort Pulses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scattering Spectra ◽  
Technical Possibility ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractIt is well known that the scattering of ultrashort pulses (USPs) of an electromagnetic field in the X-ray frequency range can be used in diffraction analysis. When such USPs are scattered by various polyatomic objects, a diffraction pattern appears from which the structure of the object can be determined. Today, there is a technical possibility of creating powerful USP sources and the analysis of the scattering spectra of such pulses is a high-precision instrument for studying the structure of matter. As a rule, such scattering occurs at a frequency close to the carrier frequency of the incident USP. In this work, it is shown that for high-power USPs, where the magnetic component of USPs cannot be neglected, scattering at the second harmonic appears. The scattering of USPs by the second harmonic has a characteristic diffraction pattern which can be used to judge the structure of the scattering object; combining the scattering spectra at the first and second harmonics therefore greatly enhances the diffraction analysis of matter. Scattering spectra at the first and second harmonics are shown for various polyatomic objects: examples considered are 2D and 3D materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and hybrid structures consisting of nanotubes. The theory developed in this work can be applied to various multivolume objects and is quite simple for X-ray structural analysis, because it is based on analytical expressions.

scholarly journals The crystal structures and mechanical properties of the uranyl carbonate minerals roubaultite, fontanite, sharpite, widenmannite, grimselite and čejkaite

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 4197-4221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Colmenero ◽  
Jakub Plášil ◽  
Jiří Sejkora
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
First Principles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carbonate Minerals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uranyl Carbonate

The structure, hydrogen bonding, X-ray diffraction pattern and mechanical properties of six important uranyl carbonate minerals, roubaultite, fontanite, sharpite, widenmannite, grimselite and čejkaite, are determined using first principles methods.

Modeling the X-ray diffraction pattern of opal-CT

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 869-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Guthrie ◽  
David L. Bish ◽  
Robert C. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

PREPARATION OF ANTIMONY-PLATINUM SURFACE ALLOY ELECTRODE BY ATOM DIFFUSION IN THE SOLID PHASE

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 3999-4004
Author(s):  
HIROSHI MATSUI ◽  
KAZUFUMI WATANABE
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Electrochemical Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Platinum Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atom Diffusion ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Titanium Substrates

Antimony-platinum bilayers were prepared on titanium substrates by the two-step electrodeposition in the usual baths, and then surface alloys were formed by the atom diffusion in the solid phase. The simple antimony layer was little influenced by the substrate in both the measurements of X-ray diffraction and the i - E characteristic in a sulfuric acid solution. Regarding the bilayers, the catalytic activity in hydrogen evolution reaction was very sensitive to the presence of platinum, while the hydrogen adsorbability was quite insensitive. An interaction between antimony and platinum was confirmed by the appearance of a new dissolution wave in the electrochemical measurement and the occurrence of a new diffraction in the X-ray diffraction pattern after the heat-treatment of about 400°C. Although the new diffraction disagreed with any of the reported alloys, clear diffraction pattern of PtSb 2 alloy was observed, when the bilayers were heat-treated at about 600°C for one hour. Considering the penetration depth of X-ray, the alloying of antimony and platinum seems to occur also at low temperatures at least at the top surface.

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