CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF THE C12(γ,n)C11 REACTION IN CARBONATES

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Edwards ◽  
K. J. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Photoneutron Reaction ◽  
Carbonate Carbon ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Glycollic Acid

The chemical effects following the carbon photoneutron reaction in calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate have been studied. After solution of the irradiated crystals, C11 was found to be present in the forms of carbonate, carbon monoxide, formic acid, oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, and glycollic acid. The relative amounts of C11 appearing in each form agreed closely with those found previously for irradiations of solid sodium carbonate.

scholarly journals Über die Wirkung von Ozon auf Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure und deren Oxidationsprodukte in wäßriger Lösung / Reactions of Ozone with Maleic Acid, Fumaric Acid and with their Oxidation Products in Aqueous Solution

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1308-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Solution Ph

The ozonation of maleic acid in aqueous solution (pH 3) leads to the formation of glyoxylic acid and formic acid which are oxidized to the stable endproducts oxalic acid and CO2 in the further course of the reaction.With fumaric acid besides the double bond cleavage (75%) an anomalous ozonolysis is observed leading to the formation of the unstable intermediate mesoxalic acid semialdehyde which is oxidized to mesoxalic acid.In both cases 45% of the organic carbon appear as CO2 after the complete elimination of the initial compounds. The specific ozone consumption in our experiments was 4 mmol O3 per mmol of acid.On account of the quantitative follow up of the oxidation products the reaction mechanisms are discussed. The oxidation of glyoxylic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid and mesoxalic acid as pure substances by ozone gives qualitatively the same results as in the mixtures.

scholarly journals Oxidation of Glyoxylic Acid to Oxalic Acid by Glycolic Acid Oxidase

1961 ◽  
Vol 236 (5) ◽  
pp. 1280-1284
Author(s):  
K.E. Richardson ◽  
N.E. Tolbert
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidase

Reliability and Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate: Buffering and 2000-m Rowing Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia J. Carr ◽  
Gary J. Slater ◽  
Christopher J. Gore ◽  
Brian Dawson ◽  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Double Blinded

Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine the effect and reliability of acute and chronic sodium bicarbonate ingestion for 2000-m rowing ergometer performance (watts) and blood bicarbonate concentration [HCO3−].Methods:In a crossover study, 7 well-trained rowers performed paired 2000-m rowing ergometer trials under 3 double-blinded conditions: (1) 0.3 grams per kilogram of body mass (g/kg BM) acute bicarbonate; (2) 0.5 g/kg BM daily chronic bicarbonate for 3 d; and (3) calcium carbonate placebo, in semi-counterbalanced order. For 2000-m performance and [HCO3−], we examined differences in effects between conditions via pairwise comparisons, with differences interpreted in relation to the likelihood of exceeding smallest worthwhile change thresholds for each variable. We also calculated the within-subject variation (percent typical error).Results:There were only trivial differences in 2000-m performance between placebo (277 ± 60 W), acute bicarbonate (280 ± 65 W) and chronic bicarbonate (282 ± 65 W); however, [HCO3−] was substantially greater after acute bicarbonate, than with chronic loading and placebo. Typical error for 2000-m mean power was 2.1% (90% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.0%) for acute bicarbonate, 3.6% (2.5 to 7.0%) for chronic bicarbonate, and 1.6% (1.1 to 3.0%) for placebo. Postsupplementation [HCO3−] typical error was 7.3% (5.0 to 14.5%) for acute bicarbonate, 2.9% (2.0 to 5.7%) for chronic bicarbonate and 6.0% (1.4 to 11.9%) for placebo.Conclusion:Performance in 2000-m rowing ergometer trials may not substantially improve after acute or chronic bicarbonate loading. However, performances will be reliable with both acute and chronic bicarbonate loading protocols.

Oxidation of carbon monoxide and formic acid on bulk and nanosized Pt–Co alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja D. Obradović ◽  
Amalija V. Tripković ◽  
Snežana Lj. Gojković
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Co Alloys ◽  
Oxidation Of Carbon Monoxide
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