HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND ITS ANALOGUES: VI. INFRARED SPECTRA OF H2O2, D2O2, AND HDO2

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osias Bain ◽  
Paul A. Giguère
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Torsional Oscillation ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Overtone Band ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
Isotopic Molecule ◽  
First Time

The absorption spectrum of hydrogen peroxide was re-examined with a prism instrument in the region 1.5 to 25 μ. A pair of well-resolved perpendicular bands arising from torsional oscillation of the OH groups were found centered about 460 and 575 cm.−1. The overtone band at 3.8 μ was shown to be a hybrid with prominent rotational structure and some indications of doubling. Its assignment to the combination ν2+ν6 implies a positive anharmonicity. Four new overtone bands were observed in liquid hydrogen peroxide. The infrared spectrum of deuterium peroxide was measured for the first time in the solid and vapor states. The vapor bands are quite different in appearance from those of hydrogen peroxide. One of the fundamentals, the asymmetric O—D stretching at 2661 cm−1, was resolved sufficiently to allow calculation of the rotational constants of the isotopic molecule. Mixtures of the two peroxides containing around 40% of HDO2 were also investigated; from the results the frequency of the as yet unobserved symmetric modes ν1 and ν2 could be estimated with fair certainty. The O—O stretching vibration at 11μ was too weak to be located definitely in the spectra of the gaseous peroxides. The structural parameters of the H2O2 molecule are now established as follows:[Formula: see text] The O—H and O—D stretching bands were studied in solutions of the three isotopic peroxides in carbon tetrachloride.

Molecular Self-Assembling of Butan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, and 2-Methylpropan-2-ol in Carbon Tetrachloride Solutions as Observed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Measurements

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makio Iwahashi ◽  
Masayuki Suzuki ◽  
Norihisa Katayama ◽  
Hideyo Matsuzawa ◽  
Mirosław A. Czarnecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopic Observation ◽  
Pure Liquid ◽  
Overtone Band ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The self-associations of butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, and 2-methylpropan-2-ol ( tert-butanol) in the pure liquid state and in carbon tetrachloride solutions have been studied mainly through near-infrared spectroscopic observation at various temperatures. A new analysis assuming a successive association process for the alcohol molecules was applied to the sharp band around 1410 nm (the first-overtone band of the OH stretching vibration mode attributed to free OH monomer and partly to OH polymer); it became clear that the mean association number for each alcohol increases with increasing concentration and decreases with increasing temperature. Comparisons of the association numbers at various constant temperatures for the three kinds of alcohols show that the association abilities are on the order butan-1-ol > butan-2-ol > 2-methylpropan-2-ol.

Synthesis of a silymarin-gold nanoparticle conjugate and analysis of its liver-protecting activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Staroverov ◽  
Sergey Kozlov ◽  
Alexander Fomin ◽  
Konstantib Gabalov ◽  
Alexey Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Experimental Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Liver Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
First Time

Background: The liver disease problem prompts investigators to search for new methods of liver treatment. Introduction: Silymarin (Sil) protects the liver by reducing the concentration of free radicals and the extent of damage to the cell membranes. A particularly interesting method to increase the bioavailability of Sil is to use synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as reagents. The study considered whether it was possible to use the silymarin-AuNP conjugate as a potential liver-protecting drug. Method: AuNPs were conjugated to Sil and examine the liver-protecting activity of the conjugate. Experimental hepatitis and hepatocyte cytolysis after carbon tetrachloride actionwere used as a model system, and the experiments were conducted on laboratory animals. Result: For the first time, silymarin was conjugated to colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Electron microscopy showed that the resultant preparations were monodisperse and that the mean conjugate diameter was 18–30 nm ± 0.5 nm (mean diameter of the native nanoparticles, 15 ± 0.5 nm). In experimental hepatitis in mice, conjugate administration interfered with glutathione depletion in hepatocytes in response to carbon tetrachloride was conducive to an increase in energy metabolism, and stimulated the monocyte–macrophage function of the liver. The results were confirmed by the high respiratory activity of the hepatocytes in cell culture. Conclusion: We conclude that the silymarin-AuNP conjugate holds promise as a liver-protecting agent in acute liver disease caused by carbon tetrachloride poisoning.

scholarly journals Monoclinic and Orthorhombic NaMnO2 for Secondary Batteries: A Comparative Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Jessica Manzi ◽  
Annalisa Paolone ◽  
Oriele Palumbo ◽  
Domenico Corona ◽  
Arianna Massaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Beta Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Positive Electrodes ◽  
Detailed Structural Analysis ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Sodium Batteries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

In this manuscript, we report a detailed physico-chemical comparison between the α- and β-polymorphs of the NaMnO2 compound, a promising material for application in positive electrodes for secondary aprotic sodium batteries. In particular, the structure and vibrational properties, as well as electrochemical performance in sodium batteries, are compared to highlight differences and similarities. We exploit both laboratory techniques (Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical methods) and synchrotron radiation experiments (Fast-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction). Notably the vibrational spectra of these phases are here reported for the first time in the literature as well as the detailed structural analysis from diffraction data. DFT+U calculations predict both phases to have similar electronic features, with structural parameters consistent with the experimental counterparts. The experimental evidence of antisite defects in the beta-phase between sodium and manganese ions is noticeable. Both polymorphs have been also tested in aprotic batteries by comparing the impact of different liquid electrolytes on the ability to de-intercalated/intercalate sodium ions. Overall, the monoclinic α-NaMnO2 shows larger reversible capacity exceeding 175 mAhg−1 at 10 mAg−1.

The application of inexpensive and synthetic simple electrocatalyst CuFe-MoC@NG in immunosensor

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisha Mei ◽  
Wentang Zhao ◽  
Yiju Song ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Mengmeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Doped Graphene ◽  
One Step ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
First Time

In this study, we used inexpensive and synthetic simple electrocatalysts replacement conventional precious metal materials to reduce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We first time developed N-doped graphene-coated CuFe@MoC using one-step calcination...

Farringtonite as an efficient catalyst for linear-chain α-olefin epoxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Yang ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Jinxiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Olefin Epoxidation ◽  
Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
First Time

A convenient, scalable, benign, and efficient epoxidation method based on farringtonite, without the use of transition metals, was developed for the first time.

scholarly journals Direct observation of o-benzyne formation in photochemical hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (hν-HDDA) reactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (34) ◽  
pp. 9198-9208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Ma ◽  
Jan Maier ◽  
Michael Wenzel ◽  
Alexandra Friedrich ◽  
Andreas Steffen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Visible Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
First Time

We report the transient ultraviolet/visible absorption spectrum of an o-benzyne species in solution for the first time.

scholarly journals Structure and Strength of Artificial Soils Containing Monomineral Clay Fractions

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4688
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Jozefaciuk ◽  
Kamil Skic ◽  
Agnieszka Adamczuk ◽  
Patrycja Boguta ◽  
Krzysztof Lamorski
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Mineral Particle ◽  
Type Curve ◽  
Surface Fractal ◽  
First Time

Structure and strength are responsible for soil physical properties. This paper determines in a uniaxial compression test the strength of artificial soils containing different proportions of various clay-size minerals (cementing agents) and silt-size feldspar/quartz (skeletal particles). A novel empirical model relating the maximum stress and the Young’s modulus to the mineral content basing on the Langmuir-type curve was proposed. By using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), bulk density (BD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), structural parameters influencing the strength of the soils were estimated and related to mechanical parameters. Size and shape of particles are considered as primary factors responsible for soil strength. In our experiments, the soil strength depended primarily on the location of fine particles in respect to silt grains and then, on a mineral particle size. The surface fractal dimension of mineral particles played a role of a shape parameter governing soil strength. Soils containing minerals of higher surface fractal dimensions (rougher surfaces) were more mechanically resistant. The two latter findings appear to be recognized herein for the first time.

scholarly journals Valorizing Waste Lignocellulose-Based Furniture Boards by Phosphoric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide (Php) Pretreatment for Bioethanol Production and High-Value Lignin Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6175
Author(s):  
Jingwen Zhao ◽  
Dong Tian ◽  
Fei Shen ◽  
Jinguang Hu ◽  
Yongmei Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Lignin Recovery ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Three typical waste furniture boards (fiberboard, chipboard, and blockboard) were pretreated with phosphoric acid and hydrogen peroxide (PHP). The fractionation process of these feedstocks was attempted in order to harvest the cellulose-rich fraction for enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol conversion; further, lignin recovery was also considered in this process. The results indicated that 78.9–91.2% of the cellulose was recovered in the cellulose-rich fraction. The decreased crystallinity, which promoted the water retention capacity and enzyme accessibility, contributed greatly to the excellent hydrolysis performance of the cellulose-rich fraction. Therefore, rather high cellulose–glucose conversions of 83.3–98.0% were achieved by hydrolyzing the pretreated furniture boards, which allowed for harvesting 208–241 g of glucose from 1.0 kg of feedstocks. Correspondingly, 8.1–10.4 g/L of ethanol were obtained after 120 h of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The harvested lignin exhibited abundant carboxyl –OH groups (0.61–0.67 mmol g−1). In addition, approximately 15–26 g of harvested oligosaccharides were integrated during PHP pretreatment. It was shown that PHP pretreatment is feasible for these highly recalcitrant biomass board materials, which can diversify the bioproducts used in the integrated biorefinery concept.

scholarly journals The absorption spectra of halogens and inter-halogen compounds in solution in carbon tetrachloride

1929 ◽  
Vol 124 (795) ◽  
pp. 604-616 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Halogen Compounds ◽  
Inert Solvent ◽  
The Mean

When two solutions are mixed the absorption spectrum of the new solution will be the mean of those of the separate solutions provided that no chemical interaction occures. The mere fact of a departure from additivity does not, however, necessarily denote the formation of true chemical compounds. The solute or solutes may undergo solvation, loosely bound aggregates may occur, and even when marked deviations from the simple law of mixtures are observed it is rarely possible to prove the quantitative formation of a given chemical compound from spectroscopic data alone. The above considerations apply with some force to the problem of the absorption spectra of halogens and inter-halogen compounds in an inert solvent. The three elements show perfectly characteristic absorption bands, they are known to interact with the formation of some quite stable compounds, some relatively stable compounds, and some apparently very unstable compounds.

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