scholarly journals THE USE OF INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SMALL QUANTITIES OF SOME HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Breitman ◽  
E. W. R. Steacie
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Halogenated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

The infrared spectra of chloral, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform have been determined between 1500 and 650 cm.−1 over a range of pressures in the gas phase. Absorption bands suitable for the quantitative analysis of binary and ternary mixtures of the components have been selected and their peak intensities shown to obey Beer's Law over the range of pressures studied. Ternary mixtures have been analyzed from the spectra with an accuracy of about 20%.The spectra of dichloromethane and methyl chloride have also been measured under comparable conditions.

Diffusion of Methane and Chloromethanes in Air

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cowie ◽  
Harry Watts
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Diffusion Cell ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometry ◽  
Gaseous Diffusion ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Concentration Changes

The binary gaseous diffusion coefficients of air with methane, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride at 298.2 °K and 1 atm have been determined. A simple diffusion cell was used, in which concentration changes of the diffusing gas were followed by infrared spectrophotometry.

scholarly journals A METHOD OF ANALYSIS FOR THE SYSTEM: BENZENE – ETHYL ALCOHOL – CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

1947 ◽  
Vol 25b (3) ◽  
pp. 228-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
S. I. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

The densities and refractive indices (Nc) of binary and ternary mixtures of benzene, ethyl alcohol, and carbon tetrachloride have been determined at 25 °C. From these data, a method for the analysis of ternary liquid mixtures of these components has been developed. The limit of accuracy in the analysis of ternary mixtures of the pure components is 0.3%. The method can be applied to the analysis of commercial materials with an accuracy of 2.0%.

ORGANOGERMANIUM COMPOUNDS: PART II. INFRARED SPECTRA OF SOME ACOXYGERMANES AND THE RELATIVE INDUCTIVE EFFECTS OF TRIMETHYLSILYL AND TRIMETHYLGERMYL GROUPS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Srivastava ◽  
M. Onyszchuk
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Organogermanium Compounds ◽  
Inductive Effects ◽  
Electron Release ◽  
Carbonyl Absorption ◽  
Lower Frequencies

The infrared spectra of GeH3OCOCH3 and (CH3)3GeOCOCH3 have been measured in the gas phase over the range 650–3900 cm−1. Assignments for the principal bands have been made and their values compared with those of analogous alkyl, methylsilyl, methyltin, and methyllead acetates. Carbonyl absorption bands shift to lower frequencies and carbon–oxygen (skeletal) absorptions to higher frequencies as M changes from C to Si to Ge in the series of acetates represented by (CH3)3MOCOCH3. These results suggest that the Ge—O bond is more polar than the Si—O bond and that the order of electron release in acetate derivatives is (CH3)3Ge > (CH3)3Si > (CH3)3C, which is consistent with the electronegativity order: C > Si > Ge.

New Raman Spectrometer Using a Digital Micromirror Device and a Photomultiplier Tube Detector for Rapid On-Line Industrial Analysis. Part I: Description of the Prototype and Preliminary Results

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen The Quyen ◽  
Edouard Da Silva ◽  
Nguyen Quy Dao ◽  
Michel D. Jouan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Photomultiplier Tube ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Digital Micromirror Device ◽  
Light Modulator ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
On Line ◽  
Xylene Isomers ◽  
New Generation

In this paper, a prototype of a new generation of Raman spectrometers, based on the use of a monochromator, a digital micromirror device as light modulator, and a photomultiplier tube as detector of the Raman light, is described. This spectrometer, containing no moving parts, is inexpensive, robust, and very precise. New in concept, this spectrometer makes it possible to record, in addition to classical Raman spectra, the intensity at several selected points of the spectrum and/or the total intensity in several selected intervals at the same time with great accuracy, thus giving new possibilities for analytical applications. Also, the work presented demonstrates the possibilities of this very simple prototype for rapid on-line industrial analysis, with an example of quantitative analysis of binary and ternary mixtures of xylene isomers. The precision obtained is satisfactory (errors of prediction ∼3% in 5–6 seconds per sample).

Molécules modèles des motifs des poly-1,4-glucosides. II. Etude, par spectroscopie infrarouge, des conformations chélatées des diastéréoisomères modèles et discussion dans le cadre des chélations glucosidiques

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (15) ◽  
pp. 2076-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Lafuma ◽  
Claude Quivoron
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Model Molecule

We have made a systematic study of the infrared spectra, in the chelation region 3700–3300 cm−1, of each of 30 separate diastereoisomers in dilute solution in carbon tetrachloride. Those diastereoisomers which have configurations corresponding to those of cellulose or amylose were examined more carefully. Depending on the structure of the model molecule and its diastereoisomeric configuration, it was possible to observe absorption bands corresponding to chelation in rings of 5, 6, 7 or 8 members. Most frequently the geometry of the chelated conformations varies from one diastereoisomer to another of a single molecule. The diastereoisomers of hydroxylated acetals have permitted the recognition of the result of a competition between two hydroxyl groups for the same proton accepting site. Discussion of these experimental results in terms of glucosidic chelations have led to the hypothesis that the chelations are[Formula: see text] in cellobiose, in methyl β-cellobioside and in cellulose, respectively. We have confirmed the chelation [Formula: see text] in the case of maltose, methyl β-maltoside and amylose and it seems reasonable to suggest that a chelation [Formula: see text], can exist in these α-1,4-glucosides.[Journal translation]

Computer-aided infrared analysis of urinary calculi.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2070-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Berthelot ◽  
G Cornu ◽  
M Daudon ◽  
M Helbert ◽  
C Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Infrared Method ◽  
Search Program ◽  
Difficult Cases

Abstract We have created a library of 497 digitized infrared spectra of 58 components of urinary calculi and of their usual binary and ternary mixtures. We tested the operation of the "Birsy" search program (Bruker Analytische Messtechnik) with this library for the interpretation of infrared spectra of 50 urinary calculi, selected from both classical and difficult cases. This program correctly identifies the two first components 98% of the time and the third (minor) component 70% of the time. Using this program, those without training or experience in infrared analysis can routinely use the infrared method of analysis of urinary calculi.

Inhibition phenomena in the decomposition of di- t -butyl peroxide

1961 ◽  
Vol 261 (1306) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Sulphur Hexafluoride ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Butyl Peroxide ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Catalytic Effects ◽  
Limiting Value

Carbon tetrachloride vapour accelerates the gas phase decomposition of di- t -butyl peroxide, the rate constant k n, z , for a given pressure, n , of the peroxide rising with the chloride pressure, x , to a limiting value k n, ∞ . The normal products of the reaction are somewhat changed, acetone being still a major product but methane largely replacing ethane while methyl chloride and probably iso -butene oxide also appear. The effects of the carbon tetrachloride can be largely inhibited by the addition of ammonia, propylene or iso -butene. Similar phenomena are observed with certain other chlorine compounds, and the accelerations are now interpreted in terms of a chain reaction involving chlorine atoms. Acceleration of the peroxide decomposition is also caused by silicon tetrafluoride, sulphur hexafluoride or fluoroform. Propylene considerably inhibits the actions of these compounds and ammonia slightly. Although the interpretation is less certain, it seems likely that the catalytic effects of the fluorides are at least partly due to chemical chain processes.

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