THE INFLUENCE OF CATION RADIUS AND SALT CONCENTRATION IN THE SALTING OUT OF ETHYL ETHER FROM AQUEOUS NITRATE SOLUTIONS AT 25°C.

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-574
Author(s):  
H. G. Heal
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ethyl Ether ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Debye Theory ◽  
Cation Radius ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The solubility of ethyl ether in aqueous solutions of the nitrates of the alkali metals, the alkaline earths and magnesium, and ammonium, tetramethyl, tetraethyl, and tetra-n-propyl ammonium has been measured with high precision. The salting out at infinite dilution of salt, estimated by extrapolation from data for salt concentrations below 0.1 molal, conforms in a general way to the Debye theory, with some discrepancies. Data for high salt concentrations are also given.

scholarly journals Extraction of organic non-electrolytes with n-hexane from aqueous solutions of dipotassium phosphate and potassium acetate

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Leshchev ◽  
O. N. Mikhniuk ◽  
A. V. Nemkevich ◽  
S. F. Furs
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Potassium Acetate ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Dipotassium Phosphate ◽  
Model Substances ◽  
Methylene Group

At a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C, the distribution of model substances of various classes of organic non-electrolytes in n-hexane – aqueous solutions of dipotassium phosphate and potassium acetate was studied. The increments of the methylene and functional groups of organic non-electrolytes are calculated. It has been shown that in case of dipotassium phosphate, the nature of the salting out effect is enhancing the structure of the salt solution and the growth of the methylene group increment. For potassium acetate, the increment of the methylene group slightly increases with increasing salt concentration, and for most functional groups it increases significantly. An explanation of the dependences of the increment values on the nature and composition of the salt solution is given.

Viscosity, electrical conductivity and density of the system ammonium nitrate-dimethyl sulphoxide

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115
Author(s):  
Jindřich Novák ◽  
Zdeněk Kodejš ◽  
Ivo Sláma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Present System ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium nitrate in dimethyl sulphoxide have been determined over the temperature range 10-60 °C and the concentration range 7-50 mol% of the salt. The variations in the quantities as a function of temperature and concentration have been correlated by empirical equations. A comparison is made between the transport properties for the present system, aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate solutions in dimethyl sulphoxide.

scholarly journals Enhanced Adsorption of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution with 2-Vinylpyridine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Fei Pan ◽  
Wentao Li ◽  
Dongya Li ◽  
Haiming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanospheres ◽  
Enhanced Adsorption

In this study, a novel 2-vinylpyridine functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Mag-PVP) was successfully prepared. The prepared Mag-PVP was characterized by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and was used for the adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. Mag-PVP, which is composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and poly divinylbenzene-2-vinylpyridine (with a thickness of 10 nm), exhibited magnetic properties (Ms = 44.6 emu/g) and thermal stability. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of Mag-PVP for BPA obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was 115.87 mg/g at 20 °C, which was more than that of Fe3O4 nanospheres. In the presence of NaCl, the improved adsorption capacity of Mag-PVP was probably attributed to the screening effect of Mag-PVP surface charge and salting-out effect. In the presence of CaCl2 and humic acid (HA), the adsorption capacity of BPA decreased due to competitive adsorption. The adsorption of BPA by Mag-PVP increased slightly with the increase in pH from 3.0 to 5.0 and obtained the largest adsorption amount at pH 5.0, which was probably attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, in actual water, Mag-PVP still showed excellent adsorption performance in removing BPA. The high adsorption capacity and excellent reusability performance in this work indicated that Mag-PVP was an effective adsorbent for removing BPA from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals CALCULATIONS OF BIOELECTRIC POTENTIALS

1939 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. V. Osterhout
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Electrical Behavior ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Bioelectric Potentials

Interest in the study of Halicystis and of Valonia has been stimulated by discoveries of marked contrasts and striking similarities existing side by side. This is illustrated by new experiments with the alkali metals and alkaline earths. In Halicystis the apparent mobilities of K+, Rb+, Cs+, and Li+ (calculated by means of Henderson's equation from changes in P.D. produced by replacing sea water by a mixture of equal parts of sea water and 0.6 M of various chlorides) are as follows, uK, = 16, uRb = 16, uCs = 4.4, and uLi = 0.2; uNa is taken as 0.2. These values resemble those in Valonia except that in the latter uCs is about 0.2. No calculation is made for uNHNH4, because in these experiments even at low pH so much NH3 is present that the sign of the P.D. may reverse. This does not happen with Valonia. According to Blinks, NH4+ at pH 5 in low concentrations acts like K+. The calculation gives uMg = 1.9 which is similar to the value found for Valonia. No calculation can be made for CaCl2 since it produces protoplasmic alterations and in consequence Henderson's equation does not apply. This differs from Valonia. Evidently these plants agree closely in some aspects of electrical behavior but differ widely in others.

Density estimates of binary aqueous solutions

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2327-2334
Author(s):  
Otakar Söhnel ◽  
Petr Novotný ◽  
Zdeněk Šolc
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Molar Volume ◽  
Partial Molar Volume ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Experimental Values

Two methods are given for assessment of density of binary aqueous solutions of electrolytes; one is based on partial molar volume of the dissolved electrolyte at infinite dilution, and the other is based on additivity of apparent molar volumes at a given concentration. The density estimates of aqueous solutions by means of the two methods are compared with experimental values for some electrolytes of the type 1-1 to 4 and 2-2. In all cases the estimates agree with experimental densities up to concentrations of the saturated solutions.

TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS FOR SELF-DIFFUSION IN SOLUTION

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Krauss ◽  
J. W. T. Spinks
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Self Diffusion ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen

Coefficients of self-diffusion have been measured for aqueous solutions of sodium dihydrogen phosphates from 1 molar to 10−4 molar and at temperatures of 15, 25, 35, and 45 °C. The activation energy of self-diffusion has been calculated for various concentrations. It decreases from 5.4 kcal./mole at 0.9 M to 4.3 kcal./mole. at infinite dilution.

Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction method combined with GC-MS for the determination of topiramate in aqueous solutions: development and application of the methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (13) ◽  
pp. 2303-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janiele Mayara Ferreira De Almeida ◽  
Elania Maria Fernandes Silva ◽  
Lourena Mafra Veríssimo ◽  
Nedja Suely Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document