Intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with secondary alkylamines catalyzed by iridium phosphino–phenolate complexes

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 700-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Hesp ◽  
Robert McDonald ◽  
Mark Stradiotto
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Induction Period ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Type A ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Test Reaction ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
X Ray

The phosphino–phenolate complex (κ2-{2-i-Pr2PC6H4}O)Ir(COD) (COD = η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene; 1) is shown to be an effective precatalyst for the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with pendant secondary alkylamines, providing either pyrrolidine or piperidine heterocycles in high isolated yields. While monitoring the progress of a selected test reaction of this type, a significant induction period (~3 h) was observed; variable-temperature 1H and 31P NMR studies (25–100 °C) under catalytically relevant conditions revealed no new metal-containing species. In an effort to develop an enantiopure variant of 1, a synthetic route to the chiral (κ2-P,O)Ir(COD) complex (7), which features a 1-aryl-2,5-dialkylphospholane structure derived from (2S,5S)-2,5-hexanediol cyclic sulfate, was developed. The structure of 7 was confirmed by use of single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. While 7 failed to provide enantioselectivity in the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with pendant secondary alkylamines, the activity of 7 was found to be comparable to that of 1.

Molecular motions of a tetraphenylethylene-derived AIEgen directly monitored through in situ variable temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Meng ◽  
Lin Du ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Lian Zhou ◽  
Xiaopeng Xuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Molecular Motions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conformation Changes

One organic functional group was introduced to distinguish the four phenyl ring of tetraphenylethylene, and the In situ temperature-dependent crystal structures were determined to exhibit the conformation changes of tert-butyl...

The structures and phase transitions in 4-aminopyridinium tetraaquabis(sulfato)iron(III), (C5H7N2)[FeIII(H2O)4(SO4)2]

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1144-1151
Author(s):  
Tamara J. Bednarchuk ◽  
Wolfgang Hornfeck ◽  
Vasyl Kinzhybalo ◽  
Zhengyang Zhou ◽  
Michal Dušek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Hybrid Compound ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray

The organic–inorganic hybrid compound 4-aminopyridinium tetraaquabis(sulfato)iron(III), (C5H7N2)[FeIII(H2O)4(SO4)2] (4apFeS), was obtained by slow evaporation of the solvent at room temperature and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the temperature range from 290 to 80 K. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the title compound undergoes a sequence of three reversible phase transitions, which has been verified by variable-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis during cooling–heating cycles over the temperature ranges 290–100–290 K. In the room-temperature phase (I), space group C2/c, oxygen atoms from the closest Fe-atom environment (octahedral) were disordered over two equivalent positions around a twofold axis. Two intermediate phases (II), (III) were solved and refined as incommensurately modulated structures, employing the superspace formalism applied to single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Both structures can be described in the (3+1)-dimensional monoclinic X2/c(α,0,γ)0s superspace group (where X is ½, ½, 0, ½) with modulation wavevectors q = (0.2943, 0, 0.5640) and q = (0.3366, 0, 0.5544) for phases (II) and (III), respectively. The completely ordered low-temperature phase (IV) was refined with the twinning model in the triclinic P{\overline 1} space group, revealing the existence of two domains. The dynamics of the disordered anionic substructure in the 4apFeS crystal seems to play an essential role in the phase transition mechanisms. The discrete organic moieties were found to be fully ordered even at room temperature.

scholarly journals High-temperature in situ crystallographic observation of reversible gas sorption in impermeable organic cages

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (46) ◽  
pp. 14156-14161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Bin Baek ◽  
Dohyun Moon ◽  
Robert Graf ◽  
Woo Jong Cho ◽  
Sung Woo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dynamic Motion

Crystallographic observation of adsorbed gas molecules is a highly difficult task due to their rapid motion. Here, we report the in situ single-crystal and synchrotron powder X-ray observations of reversible CO2 sorption processes in an apparently nonporous organic crystal under varying pressures at high temperatures. The host material is formed by hydrogen bond network between 1,3,5-tris-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H3BTB) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and by π–π stacking between the H3BTB moieties. The material can be viewed as a well-ordered array of cages, which are tight packed with each other so that the cages are inaccessible from outside. Thus, the host is practically nonporous. Despite the absence of permanent pathways connecting the empty cages, they are permeable to CO2 at high temperatures due to thermally activated molecular gating, and the weakly confined CO2 molecules in the cages allow direct detection by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 323 K. Variable-temperature in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction studies also show that the CO2 sorption is reversible and driven by temperature increase. Solid-state magic angle spinning NMR defines the interactions of CO2 with the organic framework and dynamic motion of CO2 in cages. The reversible sorption is attributed to the dynamic motion of the DMF molecules combined with the axial motions/angular fluctuations of CO2 (a series of transient opening/closing of compartments enabling CO2 molecule passage), as revealed from NMR and simulations. This temperature-driven transient molecular gating can store gaseous molecules in ordered arrays toward unique collective properties and release them for ready use.

scholarly journals A combined single crystal neutron/X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study of the hybrid perovskites CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br and Cl)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (17) ◽  
pp. 9298-9307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Baikie ◽  
Nathan S. Barrow ◽  
Yanan Fang ◽  
Philip J. Keenan ◽  
Peter R. Slater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Solid State Nmr ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Study ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Study ◽  
X Ray

This article describes a variable temperature solid-state NMR and single crystal X-ray/neutron diffraction study of the hybrid perovskites (CH3NH3)PbX3 (X = I, Br and Cl).

Article

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065
Author(s):  
John T Edward ◽  
Francis L Chubb ◽  
Denis FR Gilson ◽  
Rosemary C Hynes ◽  
Françoise Sauriol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Cage Compounds ◽  
Amine Nitrogen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bridgehead Nitrogen ◽  
C Nmr

Three new cage peroxides, 1,6-diaza-3,4,8,9-tetraoxabicyclo[4.4.2]dodecane (3a),1,6-diaza-3,4,8,9-tetraoxa-11-methylbicyclo[4.4.2]dodecane (3b), and 1,6-diaza-3,4,8,9-tetraoxatricyclo[4.4.2.411,12]hexadecane (4), have been prepared by reaction of 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,2-diaminopropane, and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, respectively, with formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acidic solution. Their structures have been established by X-ray diffraction, and show the bridgehead nitrogen atoms to be predominantly sp2 hybridized. The structures accord with 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Variable temperature NMR studies show that the diperoxide 3a begins to undergo rapid inversion (on the NMR time scale) at about 303 K; up to 370 K the diperoxides 3b and 4 show no conformational change.Key words: cage compounds, formaldehyde, peroxides, amine nitrogen, hybridization.

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