How switching the substituent of a pyrene derivative from a methyl to a butyl affects the fluorescence response of polystyrene randomly labeled with pyrene

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ingratta ◽  
Manoj Mathew ◽  
Jean Duhamel

A series of polystyrenes randomly labeled with 1-pyrenebutanol were prepared by copolymerizing styrene and 1-pyrenebutylacrylate yielding the CoBuE–PS series. Solutions of CoBuE–PS were prepared in nine organic solvents having viscosities ranging from 0.36 to 5.5 mPa·s and the fluorescence spectra and pyrene monomer and excimer fluorescence decays were acquired. Analysis of the fluorescence spectra yielded the IE/IM ratio, whereas analysis of the fluorescence decays with the fluorescence blob model (FBM) yielded the parameters N blobo , <kblob × Nblob> , and k blobo . These parameters were compared to those obtained with two other series of pyrene-labeled polystyrenes, which had been studied earlier, namely CoA–PS and CoE–PS where pyrene was attached to the polymer backbone via a methylamide and benzyl methylether linker, respectively. Although the parameters IE/IM, N blobo , <kblob × Nblob>, and k blobo took different values according to the specific nature of the linker connecting pyrene to the polystyrene backbone, they exhibited trends that were quite similar for all the pyrene-labeled polystyrene constructs. The excellent agreement between the parameters retrieved for the three different types of pyrene-labeled polystyrenes suggests that the FBM accounts satisfyingly for differences in the nature of the label used, while still retrieving information pertinent to the polymer of interest.

Observations have been made of the concentration dependence of the fluorescence spectra of solutions of 1:2-benzanthracene and fifteen of its hydrocarbon derivatives. All of the compounds, except the 9,10-dim ethyl derivative, exhibit dim er emission at higher concentrations. The lower excited states, 1 L b and 1 L a , satisfy Förster’s conditions for fluorescent dim er formation. The factors determining the relative quantum yield of excimer fluorescence are discussed. The different types of crystal fluorescence spectra shown by the compounds are explained in terms of excimer formation in the crystal lattice.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Weize Yuan ◽  
Remi Casier ◽  
Jean Duhamel

The denaturation undergone by α–helical poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLGA) in N,N-dimethylformamide upon addition of guanidine hydrochloride (GdHCl) was characterized by comparing the fluorescence of a series of PLGA constructs randomly labeled with the dye pyrene (Py-PLGA) to that of a series of Py-PDLGA samples prepared from a racemic mixture of D,L-glutamic acid. The process of pyrene excimer formation (PEF) was taken advantage of to probe changes in the conformation of α–helical Py-PLGA. Fluorescence Blob Model (FBM) analysis of the fluorescence decays of the Py-PLGA and Py-PDLGA constructs yielded the average number (<Nblob>) of glutamic acids located inside a blob, which represented the volume probed by an excited pyrenyl label. <Nblob> remained constant for randomly coiled Py-PDLGA but decreased from ~20 to ~10 glutamic acids for the Py-PLGA samples as GdHCl was added to the solution. The decrease in <Nblob> reflected the decrease in the local density of PLGA as the α–helix unraveled in solution. The changes in <Nblob> with GdHCl concentration was used to determine the change in Gibbs energy required to denature the PLGA α–helix in DMF. The relationship between <Nblob> and the local density of macromolecules can now be applied to characterize the conformation of macromolecules in solution.


2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yasemin Yenilmez Akkurt ◽  
Ali ihsan Okur ◽  
Ahmet Gül

In this study, a synthetic procedure for unsymmetrical metallophthalocyanines of the form M[Pc(AB3)], where A and B refer to two different types of peripheral functionality, has been developed and the new compounds have been converted to monomeric and dimeric palladium complexes. Asymmetrically substituted phthalocyanines were synthesized with the well-known statistical condensation method, by using two differently substituted precursors, namely 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-1-2-dicyanobenzene (1) and 4-{4-[Z/E]-phenylazo]-1-naphthyl}oxy-1,2-dicyanobenzene (2). Consequently, electron-donating 2-ethoxyethoxy groups and electron-withdrawing palladium complex are present in the same structure. Cyclopalladation was performed with [Pd(PhCN)2Cl2] to yield the bis-μ-chloro-bridged dimers and subsequently, the corresponding monomers were obtained by refluxing with three equivalents of potassium acetylacetonate. The resulting products were purified by column chromatography and characterized by several chemical and spectroscopic analysis methods. All compounds have very high solubility in organic solvents due to the presence of 2-ethoxyethoxy moiety.


1964 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Birks ◽  
J.B. Aladekomo

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Belitz

Abstract From fluorescence spectra and decay times of single crystals of 2.3-dimethylnaphthalene, phenanthrene and p-terphenyl doped with one or two different types of fluorescence molecules (anthracene and, or tetracene) informations about the energy transfer processes are obtained. For doping concentrations smaller than 4·10-4 Mol/Mol the transfer by excitons is the main process. The dipole-dipole interaction over distances more than 80 Å (14 mean molecular distances) can be excluded. The mean travelling distance of the excitons in the three host lattices was found to be 250 - 300 mean molecular distances.


2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Mwanaki Alinaitwe

Over the years researchers have paid little attention to the performance of the clients in the building industry. Much of the research on improvement of performance of the construction industry has mainly focused on contractors and the supply chain. The performance of a client is important because any decision made will affect project success. Failure on the part of the client might lead to stress factors causing significant problems in successive stages of the project. This research is an investigation into the roles of the client to find out whether clients in the building industry in Uganda are playing their part. Due to the non‐specific nature of clients, a guided questionnaire survey was carried out among architects who normally work with different types of clients. The majority of the building clients in Uganda are individuals followed by limited liability companies. It was found out that delay by clients in paying the contractors is a major factor affecting the performance of contractors. Almost all clients do not support training of the workers in its different forms. Construction works start before the designs are completed and the majority of the variations is due to incomplete briefs and designs. Many clients or their representatives do not attend meetings as regularly as would have been necessary. This study reveals information that will help clients in their future projects for ensuring successful building project implementation. Santrauka Daug metų mokslininkai mažai kreipė dėmesio į užsakovų dalyvavimą statybos pramonėje. Dauguma atliktų mokslinių tyrimų, susijusių su statybos pramonės darbų kokybės gerinimu, yra orientuoti į rangovus ir tiekimo grandinę. Užsakovo dalyvavimas yra svarbus todėl, kad kiekvienas priimtas sprendimas gali daryti įtaką projekto sėkmei. Užsakovų žlugimas gali sudaryti įtampą, kuri gali kliudyti sėkmingai vykdyti projekto stadijas. Straipsnyje buvo nagrinėjamas užsakovų vaidmuo, norint nustatyti, ar užsakovai Ugandoje aktyviai dalyvauja statybos pramonėje. Buvo atlikta apklausa architektų, kurie dirba su įvairiais užsakovais. Dauguma statybos užsakovų Ugandoje yra ribotos atsakomybės įmonės. Taip pat buvo pastebėta, kad užsakovo delsimas sumokėti rangovams yra vienas iš svarbiausių veiksnių, darančių įtaką rangovų darbui. Beveik visi užsakovai nepritaria darbuotojų kvalifikacijos tobulinimui įvairiais būdais. Dažniausiai statybos darbai yra pradedami dar nebaigus projektavimo darbų ir dauguma nukrypimų yra dėl neparengtos techninės dokumentacijos. Dauguma užsakovų ar jų atstovų nereguliariai dalyvauja svarbiuose susitikimuose. Šis tyrimas pateikia informaciją, kuri padės užsakovams ateities projektuose ir užtikrins sėkmingą statybos projektų vykdymą.


2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 776-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Mrsevic ◽  
David Düsselberg ◽  
Claudia Staudt

Soluble functional (co)polyimides are of great interest in the area of separation processes or optical applications, due to their excellent mechanical-, thermal- and optical properties, their superior processability and the ability to adapt their properties to a wide range of special applications. Therefore, two series of novel (co)polyimides containing fluorinated sulfur- and carboxylic acid groups consisting of 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)di(phthalic anhydride) (6FDA), 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA), 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfide (4,4′-SDA) and 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (3,3′-DDS) were synthesized in a two-step polycondensation reaction. The synthesized copolymers were characterized by using NMR, FTIR, GPC, and DSC. Furthermore, with regard to processing and potential applications, the thermal stability, solubility in common organic solvents, moisture uptake, and transparency were investigated. Compared to commercially available transparent polymers, i.e., polymethylmethacrylate and cycloolefin polymers, the sulfur (co)polyimides containing carboxyl groups showed much higher glass-transition temperatures, comparably low moisture uptake and high transmission at the sodium D-line. Furthermore, good solubility in commonly used organic solvents makes them very attractive as high-performance coating materials.


2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 2413-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Mancillas-Salas ◽  
Joaquín Barroso-Flores ◽  
Rafael Villaurrutia ◽  
Verónica García-Montalvo ◽  
Eddie López-Honorato

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Moreno ◽  
J.L. Aguilar ◽  
Dachamir Hotza

In the last years many efforts have been spent to develop colloidal processes that use water instead of organic solvents. The aim of this study was to develop aqueous tape casting systems to produce zirconia tapes. Different types of binder were tested. Rheological properties of the slurries were measured at room temperature. The slurries were cast on a PET carrier with/without a silicone-based coating. Interactions between the slurry and the polymeric substrate were evaluated. It was found that an acrylic binder is more appropriate for colloidal processing. The acrylic-based suspensions showed a pseudoplastic behavior and remained stable after hours. Tapes with thicknesses between 90 and 200 µm were produced. Optimized tapes showed smooth and homogeneous surfaces and adequate plasticity.


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