Buffer capacity in multiple chemical reaction systems involving solid phases

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilie Fishtik ◽  
Igor Povar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Stoichiometric Coefficient ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Chemical Reaction Systems ◽  
Chemical Reaction System ◽  
Multiple Chemical

The buffer capacity of a chemical species in a multiple chemical reaction system is discussed in terms of a special class of stoichiometrically unique reactions referred to as response reactions (RERs). More specifically, it is shown that the buffer capacity may be partitioned into a sum of contributions associated with RERs. This finding provides a deeper understanding of the factors that determine the buffer capacity. In particular, the main contributions to the buffer capacity come from the RERs involving the most abundant species. Concomitantly, the RERs approach provides a simple stoichiometric algorithm for the derivation and analysis of the buffer capacity that may be easily implemented into a computer software.Key words: buffer capacity, response reaction, heterogeneous system, stoichiometric coefficient.

scholarly journals Side Reactions Do Not Completely Disrupt Linear Self-Replicating Chemical Reaction Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Daniel Hjerpe ◽  
Torbjörn Lundh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Chemical Reaction Systems ◽  
Linear Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Reaction System

A crucial question within the fields of origins of life and metabolic networks is whether or not a self-replicating chemical reaction system is able to persist in the presence of side reactions. Due to the strong nonlinear effects involved in such systems, they are often difficult to study analytically. There are however certain conditions that allow for a wide range of these reaction systems to be well described by a set of linear ordinary differential equations. In this article, we elucidate these conditions and present a method to construct and solve such equations. For those linear self-replicating systems, we quantitatively find that the growth rate of the system is simply proportional to the sum of all the rate constants of the reactions that constitute the system (but is nontrivially determined by the relative values). We also give quantitative descriptions of how strongly side reactions need to be coupled with the system in order to completely disrupt the system.

scholarly journals The Expected Number of Viable Autocatalytic Sets in Chemical Reaction Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Stuart Kauffman ◽  
Mike Steel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
General Theorem ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Exact Expression ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Chemical Reaction Systems ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Chemical Reaction System ◽  
Autocatalytic Networks

Abstract The emergence of self-sustaining autocatalytic networks in chemical reaction systems has been studied as a possible mechanism for modeling how living systems first arose. It has been known for several decades that such networks will form within systems of polymers (under cleavage and ligation reactions) under a simple process of random catalysis, and this process has since been mathematically analyzed. In this paper, we provide an exact expression for the expected number of self-sustaining autocatalytic networks that will form in a general chemical reaction system, and the expected number of these networks that will also be uninhibited (by some molecule produced by the system). Using these equations, we are able to describe the patterns of catalysis and inhibition that maximize or minimize the expected number of such networks. We apply our results to derive a general theorem concerning the trade-off between catalysis and inhibition, and to provide some insight into the extent to which the expected number of self-sustaining autocatalytic networks coincides with the probability that at least one such system is present.

Information Contained in Open Systems by Example of Chemical Reaction Systems

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 915-943
Author(s):  
Ingo Decker
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Planck Equation ◽  
Reaction Scheme ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Chemical Reaction Systems ◽  
Amount Of Information

Abstract Spatially homogeneous chemical reaction systems with one or two intermediate reaction pro-ducts and with autocatalytic reactionsteps are considered. Because of their non-linearities, such open systems show already primitive forms of self-organization. In order to express the "information" contained in the structures occuring, a theory is developped for measuring that quantity by help of a fictive detector: In treating the stochastic reaction kinetics in the Fokker-Planck-equation approximation, expressions are derived for the averaged amount of information one gets by doing a measurement with the detector and for the temporal conservation of the message being detected. This concept is applied to a one-component reaction scheme that exhibits a non-equilibrium phase transition of second order resulting in bistability of the steady state. When pushing this reaction system from the near equilibrium side through its critical region to bi-stability, a certain amount of information becomes quasi conserved, thus giving rise to a definition of the degree of order of a self-organizating system. The problem of how the reaction system can be integrated into a greater chemical network as a "bit"-generator, is discussed. To explain what is necessary for the onset of a hard mode instability giving birth to limit-cycle behaviour, a two-component reaction scheme is constructed by superposing onto reaction steps causing conservative concentration oscillations those reactions of the former model system which are responsible for the instability occuring there. By applying the information formalism, again, a quasi-conservation of information is indicated, but with respect to a much smaller time scale. The consequences for using oscillating reaction models as an information pump within a network, and the necessity of a feed-back mechanism in order to get real information storage, are shortly mentioned. Finally, a one-component reaction scheme is outlined that shows successive phase transitions, each of these instabilities bringing out a higher degree of organization.

scholarly journals Variant and invariant states for chemical reaction systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rodrigues ◽  
S. Srinivasan ◽  
J. Billeter ◽  
D. Bonvin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Chemical Reaction Systems ◽  
Invariant States

On decoupling rate processes in chemical reaction systems – Methods and applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 296-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Billeter ◽  
Diogo Rodrigues ◽  
Sriniketh Srinivasan ◽  
Michael Amrhein ◽  
Dominique Bonvin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Chemical Reaction Systems ◽  
Rate Processes
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document