The role of clay minerals and the effect of H+ ions on removal of heavy metal (Pb2+) from contaminated soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Y Li ◽  
Raymond S Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Acid Leach

The importance of the surface charge of clay minerals (fixed or variable) and the effect of H+ ions on the adsorption and removal of Pb2+ ions from contaminated soil are investigated using kaolinite (variable charge) and two illitic (fixed charge) soils with pH 3.9 and 9.2. The adsorption-desorption characteristics of Pb2+ ions were determined using batch equilibrium tests and acid leach tests with various acids used to leach the soils. Under the same adsorption conditions, illitic soil adsorbed much more Pb2+ ions than kaolinite. The difference is largely due to the surface charges on the clay minerals. Removal of Pb2+ ions from variable-charge minerals (e.g., kaolinite) requires much less effort than removal of Pb2+ ions from constant-charge minerals (e.g., illite). The surface charge of a clay mineral has an important effect. By increasing the number of H+ ions available in the soil system with a buffer solution such as NaOAc-HOAc, heavy metals adsorbed on the clay surface are expelled to pore water. The increase in H+ ions in the soil system also assists in dissolving any metal carbonates, thereby increasing the solubility of heavy metals in illitic soil. The more H+ ions available in the pore fluid, the more Pb2+ ions can be released from the system.Key words: clay minerals, sorption, desorption, heavy metal, hydrogen ion, electrokinetic, acid leach.

Surface Charge

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. N. Zhang ◽  
A. Z. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Charge Density ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Variable Charge ◽  
Surface Materials ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Constant Charge ◽  
Variable Charge Soils

The surface of soil colloids carries electric charges, and these surface charges are the basic cause for soil to possess a series of surface properties. Soil surface charges affect the chemical properties of the soil through varying the quantity of electric charge and the surface charge density. For example, adsorptions of cations and anions are caused by negative and positive surface charges of the soil, respectively. The amount of ions adsorbed is determined by the quantity of surface charge, whereas the tightness of adsorption is related to charge density. In addition, the migration of ions in soil, the formation of organo-mineral complexes,and the dispersion, flocculation, swelling, and shrinkage are all affected by surface charge properties of the soil. Therefore, surface charge properties have an important bearing on soil structure and plant nutrition. Variable charge soils are characterized by the high content of iron and aluminum oxides. The clay mineralogical composition is dominated by 1:1-type minerals, such as kaolinite. These two factors make the surface charge properties of variable charge soils distinctly different from those of constant charge soils of temperate regions which chiefly containin 2:1-type clay minerals. However, unlike the case for pure variable charge minerals, in variable charge soils there is generally the presence of a certain amount of 2:1-type clay minerals. Therefore, as a mixture of variable charge minerals and constant charge minerals, the surface charge properties of variable charge soils is more complicated. In this chapter, the origin and factors affecting surface charges of the soil as well as the relationship between these charges and soil type will be discussed. Despite the complexity in composition, a soil may be regarded as a mixed system consisting of constant charge surface materials and constant potential surface materials in different ratios (Anderson and Sposito, 1992; Gillman and Uehara, 1980). Examples of the former type such as montmorillonite and vermiculite carry permanent negative charges, while those of the latter type such as iron oxide and aluminum oxide carry variable charges. Commonly found constant charge clay minerals in soils include those layer silicates such as hydrous mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, and chlorite.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils from a Korean Military Shooting Range: Evaluation of Pb Sources Using Pb Isotope Ratios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7099
Author(s):  
Inkyeong Moon ◽  
Honghyun Kim ◽  
Sangjo Jeong ◽  
Hyungjin Choi ◽  
Jungtae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Shooting Range ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Phases

In this study, the geochemical properties of heavy metal-contaminated soils from a Korean military shooting range were analyzed. The chemical behavior of heavy metals was determined by analyzing the soil pH, heavy metal concentration, mineral composition, and Pb isotopes. In total, 24 soil samples were collected from a Korean military shooting range. The soil samples consist of quartz, albite, microcline, muscovite/illite, kaolinite, chlorite, and calcite. Lead minerals, such as hydrocerussite and anglesite, which are indicative of a transformation into secondary mineral phases, were not observed. All soils were strongly contaminated with Pb with minor concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn. Arsenic was rarely detected. The obtained results are indicated that the soils from the shooting range are contaminated with heavy metals and have evidences of different degree of anthropogenic Pb sources. This study is crucial for the evaluation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in shooting ranges and their environmental effect as well as for the establishment of management strategies for the mitigation of environmental risks.

scholarly journals Heavy metal composition of maize and tomato grown on contaminated soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-426
Author(s):  
A.O. Adekiya ◽  
A.P. Oloruntoba ◽  
S.O. Ojeniyi ◽  
B.S. Ewulo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

Abstract The study investigated the level of heavy metal contamination in plants {maize (Zea mays) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)} from thirty soil samples of three locations (Epe, Igun and Ijana) in the Ilesha gold mining area, Osun State, Nigeria. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Spatial variations were observed for all metals across the locations which was adduced to pH and the clay contents of the soils of each location. The results showed that heavy metals are more concentrated in the areas that are closer to the mining site and the concentrations in soil and plants (maize and tomato) decreased with increasing perpendicular distance from the mining site, indicating that the gold mine was the main sources of pollution. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in plants (tomato and maize) samples were considered to be contaminated as As, Cd and Pb respectively ranged from 0.6 - 2.04 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 5.2 mg kg-1, 0.8 - 3.04 mg kg-1 for tomato and respectively 0.60 - 2.00 mg kg-1, 1.50 - 4.60 mg kg-1 and 0.90 - 2.50 mg kg-1 for maize. These levels exceeded the maximum permissible limits set by FAO/WHO for vegetables. In conclusion, monitoring of crops for toxic heavy metals is essential for food safety in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytoremediation Potential of Castor Cultivars for Heavy Metals from Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. KHAN ◽  
N. AHMED ◽  
W. HASSAN ◽  
T. SABA ◽  
S. KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Heavy Metal Uptake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Phytoremediation is a useful tool to restore heavy metals contaminated soils. This study was carried out to test two castor (Ricinus communis) cultivars [Local and DS-30] for phytoextraction of heavy metals from the soil spiked by known concentrations of seven metals (Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). A pot experiment was laid out by using a completely randomized design. Soil and plant samples were analyzed at 100 days after planting. The data on heavy metal uptake by plant tissues (roots, leaves and shoots) of the two castor cultivars suggested that a considerable amount of metals (Fe = 27.18 mg L-1; Cu = 5.06 mg L-1; Cr = 2.95 mg L-1; Mn = 0.22 mg L-1; Ni = 4.66 mg L-1; Pb = 3.33 mg L-1; Zn = 15.04 mg L-1) was accumulated in the plant biomass. The soil heavy metal content at the end of experiment significantly decreased with both cultivars, resulting in improved soil quality. Therefore, it is concluded that both castor cultivars, Local and DS-30, can be used for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration in Contaminated Soils from Southern Part of Romania

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana FLORESCU ◽  
Andreea IORDACHE ◽  
Claudia SANDRU ◽  
Elena HORJ ◽  
Roxana IONETE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

As a result of accidental spills or leaks, industrial wastes may enter in soil and in streams. Some of the contaminants may not be completely removed by treatment processes; therefore, they could become a problem for these sources. The use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge) can result in heavy metal contamination of soils.

scholarly journals Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, and Cd) on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Pinus halepensis Seedlings in North Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Chadlia Hachani ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Claudio Cameselle ◽  
Susana Gouveia ◽  
Abdenbi Zine El Abidine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
High Concentrations

The pollution of soils by heavy metals resulting from mining activities is one of the major environmental problems in North Africa. Mycorrhizoremediation using mycorrhizal fungi and adapted plant species is emerging as one of the most innovative methods to remediate heavy metal pollution. This study aims to assess the growth and the nutritional status of ectomycorrhizal Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to high concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd for possible integration in the restoration of heavy metals contaminated sites. Ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis seedlings were grown in uncontaminated (control) and contaminated soils for 12 months. Growth, mineral nutrition, and heavy metal content were assessed. Results showed that ectomycorrhizae significantly improved shoot and roots dry masses of P. halepensis seedlings, as well as nitrogen shoot content. The absorption of Pb, Zn, and Cd was much higher in the roots than in the shoots, and significantly more pronounced in ectomycorrhizal seedlings—especially for Zn and Cd. The presence of ectomycorrhizae significantly reduced the translocation factor of Zn and Cd and bioaccumulation factor of Pb and Cd, which enhanced the phytostabilizing potential of P. halepensis seedlings. These results support the use of ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites.

scholarly journals Heavy metal accumulation in tomato and cabbage grown in some industrially contaminated soils of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294
Author(s):  
Md Akhter Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Tanzin Chowdhury ◽  
Md Arifur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Living System ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Metal Contents

Heavy metal accumulation in environmental compartments is a potential risk to the living system because of their uptake by plants and subsequent introduction into the food chain. A study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal contents in industrially contaminated soils collected from six different locations of Dhaka and Mymensingh districts and their effects on two important vegetables namely tomato and cabbage. Pot experiment was conducted using contaminated soils at the net house of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The higher level of heavy metal contents was found in the soil samples of Hajaribag and Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ). The highest Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu and Fe contents were 59.45, 18.79, 67.57, 40.81 and 1619.61 µg g−1 which were much above the recommended level except Cu contents. The highest yield of vegetables was obtained grown in Maskanda soil of Mymensingh district and the lowest from DEPZ soil of Dhaka. The highest Ni, Cr and Fe contents were 8.91, 7.22, 419.65 µg g−1, respectively in tomato fruits grown in the soil of Hajaribag whereas the highest Cu content (3.38 µg g−1) was obtained from Seedstore soil, Mymensingh and highest Cd content (2.88 µg g−1) was from Mitford ghat soil, Dhaka. In cabbage, the highest Ni (17.52 µg g−1) and Fe (411.25 µg g−1) contents were found in the soils of DEPZ whereas the highest Cr (9.17 µg g−1), Cd (3.52 µg g−1) and Cu (8.51 µg g−1) were obtained in the plants grown in the soils of Hajaribag, Mitford ghat and Maskanda, respectively. Concentrations of all the tested heavy metals except Cu in both vegetables were above the maximum allowable limit prescribed by the World Health Organization. Among the metals, the accumulation of Ni was found as higher amount (0.39 and 0.71 for tomato and cabbage, respectively) based on plant concentration factor or transfer factor. The results showed a positive correlation between concentration of the metals present in soils and in vegetables and the highest correlation was found with Cr in tomato and Fe in cabbage. However, both the soils and grown vegetables were consistently observed to pose a risk to human health. So, it can be recommended that government should take necessary action so that heavy metals used in the industries cannot come into the nearby agricultural field to ensure food safety as well as food security. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 288–294, 2019

scholarly journals Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Populations in Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 718-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Del Val ◽  
J. M. Barea ◽  
C. Azcón-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The European Union

ABSTRACT High concentrations of heavy metals have been shown to adversely affect the size, diversity, and activity of microbial populations in soil. The aim of this work was to determine how the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is affected by the addition of sewage-amended sludge containing heavy metals in a long-term experiment. Due to the reduced number of indigenous AM fungal (AMF) propagules in the experimental soils, several host plants with different life cycles were used to multiply indigenous fungi. Six AMF ecotypes were found in the experimental soils, showing consistent differences with regard to their tolerance to the presence of heavy metals. AMF ecotypes ranged from very sensitive to the presence of metals to relatively tolerant to high rates of heavy metals in soil. Total AMF spore numbers decreased with increasing amounts of heavy metals in the soil. However, species richness and diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index increased in soils receiving intermediate rates of sludge contamination but decreased in soils receiving the highest rate of heavy-metal-contaminated sludge. Relative densities of most AMF species were also significantly influenced by soil treatments. Host plant species exerted a selective influence on AMF population size and diversity. We conclude based on the results of this study that size and diversity of AMF populations were modified in metal-polluted soils, even in those with metal concentrations that were below the upper limits accepted by the European Union for agricultural soils.

Batch and column tests for the development of an immobilization technology for toxic heavy metals in contaminated soils of closed mines

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jang ◽  
Y. S. Choi ◽  
In S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Column Tests

Laboratory tests of various chemical treatments for the immobilization of copper, nickel, and lead in soils typically found at mine facilities were evaluated. A series of batch, adsorption tests, and lab-scale continuous column tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters for the full-scale immobilization processes. The laboratory test program consisted of batch and column experiments to measure the leachability and subsequent immobilization of the single heavy metal, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ni2+ in an artificial soil which was composed of bentonite and quartz fine sand. Batch equilibrium methods were used to test the ability of a large number of chemical additives to react with heavy metals in contaminated soil. The two best treatment chemicals (CaO and Na2S) for each soil-metal combination were selected for more detailed columns studies. The column tests were carried out in the acidic pH range. According to the results of the column leaching test, it was found that the degree of heavy metal leaching is highly dependent on pH. An adsorption test was performed under acidic conditions (pH 4) to evaluate bentonite as an additive to treat acid mine drainage (AMD).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acid Leaching on the Removal of Heavy Metals and Soil Fertility in Contaminated Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yao Chu ◽  
Tzu-Hsing Ko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Leaching

Heavy metal-contaminated soils were leached with various acid reagents, and a series of treatments was assessed to understand soil fertility after acid leaching. Aqua regia digestion and a five-step sequential extraction procedure were applied to determine heavy metal distribution. The average total concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb for contaminated soil were 1334, 25, 263, and 525 mg·kg−1 based on the ICP/AES quantitative analysis. Other than Pb extracted by H2SO4, over 50% removal efficiency of other heavy metals was achieved. A five-step sequential extraction revealed that the bound-to-carbonate and bound-to-Fe-Mn oxides were the major forms of the heavy metals in the soil. The addition of organic manure considerably promoted soil fertility and increased soil pH after acid leaching. Seed germination experiments demonstrated that after acid leaching, the soil distinctly inhibited plant growth and the addition of manure enhanced seed germination rate from 35% to 84%. Furthermore, the procedure of soil turnover after acid leaching and manure addition greatly increased seed germination rate by 61% and shortened the initial germination time. Seed germination in untreated soil was superior to that in acid-leached soil, illustrating that the phytotoxic effect of acid leaching is more serious than that of heavy metals.

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