Dynamic site response evaluation of the Port City of Aqaba (Jordan) employing the equivalent linear method

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-975
Author(s):  
Khalid J Fahmi ◽  
Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi
Keyword(s):  
Site Response ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Port City ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Design Spectrum ◽  
Seismic Engineering ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Rock Column

As part of an ongoing research program to develop local seismic engineering ground motion parameters for implementation in the Jordanian Seismic Building Code, a practical contribution is made to determine the local site coefficient (S) for the Port City of Aqaba, southern Jordan. Employing probabilistic peak ground acceleration estimates using FRISK, the overall dynamic site response design spectrum is obtained through the calculated response spectrum based on selected soil-rock column profiles applying SHAKE91. The parabolic shape of the S coefficient design spectrum is given by the following relationships:S = 1.06 for Tb / Ts <= 0.56S = -0.81 + 4.68(Tb / Ts) -2.38(Tb / Ts)2 for 0.56 < (Tb / Ts)<=1.43S = 1.00 for Tb / Ts >1.43where Tb and Ts are the structural and site response design periods (in seconds), respectively.Key words: dynamic, site, response, Aqaba, spectrum, design.

scholarly journals Preliminary results of ground-motion characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bozzoni ◽  
Carlo Giovanni Lai ◽  
Laura Scandella
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Emilia Earthquake ◽  
Particle Orbit ◽  
2012 Emilia Earthquake

The preliminary results are presented herein for the engineering applications of the characteristics of the ground motion induced by the May 20, 2012, Emilia earthquake. Shake maps are computed to provide estimates of the spatial distribution of the induced ground motion. The signals recorded at the Mirandola (MRN) station, the closest to the epicenter, have been processed to obtain acceleration, velocity and displacement response spectra. Ground-motion parameters from the MRN recordings are compared with the corresponding estimates from recent ground-motion prediction equations, and with the spectra prescribed by the current Italian Building Code for different return periods. The records from the MRN station are used to plot the particle orbit (hodogram) described by the waveform. The availability of results from geotechnical field tests that were performed at a few sites in the Municipality of Mirandola prior to this earthquake of May 2012 has allowed preliminary assessment of the ground response. The amplification effects at Mirandola are estimated using fully stochastic site-response analyses. The seismic input comprises seven actual records that are compatible with the Italian code-based spectrum that refers to a 475-year return period. The computed acceleration response spectrum and the associated dispersion are compared to the spectra calculated from the recordings of the MRN station. Good agreement is obtained for periods up to 1 s, especially for the peak ground acceleration. For the other periods, the spectral acceleration of the MRN recordings exceeds that of the computed spectra.<br />

scholarly journals Design Earthquake Response Spectrum Affected by Shallow Soil Deposit

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Kwan Kim ◽  
Hong-Gun Park ◽  
Chang-Guk Sun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Earthquake Response ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Short Period

Site response analyses were performed to investigate the earthquake response of structures with shallow soil depth conditions in Korea. The analysis parameters included the properties of soft soil deposits at 487 sites, input earthquake accelerations, and peak ground-acceleration levels. The response spectra resulting from numerical analyses were compared with the design response spectra (DRS) specified in the 2015 International Building Code. The results showed that the earthquake motion of shallow soft soil was significantly different from that of deep soft soil, which was the basis of the IBC DRS. The responses of the structures were amplified when their dynamic periods were close to those of the site. In the case of sites with dynamic periods less than 0.4 s, the spectral accelerations of short-period structures were greater than those of the DRS corresponding to the site class specified in IBC 2015. On the basis of these results, a new form of DRS and soil factors are proposed.

Evaluation of Peak Ground Acceleration and Response Spectra Considering the Local Site Effects

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sitharam T. G. ◽  
Vipin K. S.
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Peak Ground Acceleration ◽  
Site Effects ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Local Site Effects ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Uniform Hazard Response Spectrum

The local site effects play an important role in the evaluation of seismic hazard. The proper evaluation of the local site effects will help in evaluating the amplification factors for different locations. This article deals with the evaluation of peak ground acceleration and response spectra based on the local site effects for the study area. The seismic hazard analysis was done based on a probabilistic logic tree approach and the peak horizontal acceleration (PHA) values at the bed rock level were evaluated. Different methods of site classification have been reviewed in the present work. The surface level peak ground acceleration (PGA) values were evaluated for the entire study area for four different site classes based on NEHRP site classification. The uniform hazard response spectrum (UHRS) has been developed for the city of Bangalore and the details are presented in this work.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seismic Site Amplification Using 1D Site Response Analyses at Ba Dinh Square Area, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ngoc-Long Tran ◽  
Muhammad Aaqib ◽  
Ba-Phu Nguyen ◽  
Duy-Duan Nguyen ◽  
Viet-Linh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Response ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Site Amplification ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Ground Response ◽  
Ground Response Analysis ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Design Spectrum ◽  
Equivalent Linear

This study presents a case study on ground response analysis of one of the important cultural heritages in Hanoi, Vietnam. One-dimensional nonlinear and equivalent linear site response analyses which are commonly applied to solve the problem of seismic stress wave propagation are performed at the Ba Dinh square area. A measured in-situ shear wave velocity profile and corresponding geotechnical site investigation and laboratory test data are utilized to develop the site model for site-specific ground response analysis. A suite of earthquake records compatible with Vietnamese Design Code TCVN 9386: 2012 rock design spectrum is used as input ground motions at the bedrock. A few concerns associated with site-specific ground response evaluation are analyzed for both nonlinear and equivalent linear procedures, including shear strains, mobilized shear strength, and peak ground acceleration along with the depth. The results show that the mean maximum shear strains at any soil layer are less than 0.2% in the study area. A deamplification portion within the soil profile is observed at the layer interface with shear wave velocity reversal. The maximum peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the surface is about 0.2 g for equivalent linear analysis and 0.16 g for nonlinear analysis. The ground motions are amplified near the site natural period 0.72 s. The soil factors calculated in this study are 1.95 and 2.07 for nonlinear and equivalent linear analyses, respectively. These values are much different from the current value of 1.15 for site class C in TCVN 9386: 2012. A comparison of calculated response spectra and amplification factors with the local standard code of practice revealed significant discrepancies. It is demonstrated that the TCVN 9386: 2012 soil design spectrum is unable to capture the calculated site amplification in the study area.

scholarly journals Site response analysis and its comparison with the peruvian seismic design spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Tarazona ◽  
Zenón Aguilar ◽  
Jose Barrantes ◽  
Luis Vergaray
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Site Response Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Design Spectrum ◽  
Nonlinear Site Response ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Seismic Design Code ◽  
Wide Range

The site response analyzes provide an idea of the behavior of the soil against strong ground motions, involving a large number of variables that determine the non-linear behavior of the soil. Due to the complexity of these analyzes, in practice the effects of nonlinear soil behavior are incorporated factors that modify the seismic response of a response spectrum in rock (linear behavior). In this study, nonlinear site response analysis has been performed for 50 soil profiles in an attempt for covering a wide range of shear wave velocity profiles using the software DEEPSOIL V.7. For this purpose, 06 seismic records have been spectrally adjusted to uniform hazard spectrum of 475, 1000 and 2475 years of return period. Subsequently, a comparison of the results obtained from the site response analysis with the parameters stipulated in the Peruvian Seismic Design Code E.030 (2018) was made, in order to determine the likelihood of these for the construction of design spectra. Discrepancies in the ranges of Vs values that this standard considers for the classification of soils and the factors that determine the width of the plate of the design spectrum have been found.

Comparison of Equivalent Linear and Nonlinear Site Response Analysis Results and Model to Estimate Maximum Shear Strain

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1867-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Carlton ◽  
Kohji Tokimatsu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strain ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Site Response Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Maximum Shear Strain ◽  
Nonlinear Site Response ◽  
Equivalent Linear

We compared the results of equivalent linear (ELA) and nonlinear site response analyses (NLA) and found that the differences between the values of the peak ground acceleration ( PGA), peak ground velocity ( PGV), Arias intensity ( I a), significant duration ( D5–75), and response spectrum for periods between 0.025 s and 2 s predicted by each method are non-negligible for maximum shear strain values predicted by ELA ( γ max, ELA) greater than 0.04% to 1.0%. As γ max, ELA increases, ELA in general predict smaller shear strain and D5–75 values, and larger PGA, PGV, I a, mean period, and response spectral values for periods less than 0.1 s and periods near the natural site period than NLA. To help researchers and practitioners decide when to use ELA and/or NLA, we developed a model to estimate γ max, ELA before conducting a site response analysis.

Nonlinear Site Effects from the 30 November 2018 Anchorage, Alaska, Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Thornley ◽  
Utpal Dutta ◽  
John Douglas ◽  
Zhaohui (Joey) Yang
Keyword(s):  
Site Response ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
North American Plate ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Nonlinear Site Response ◽  
Generalized Inversion Technique ◽  
Versus Peak

ABSTRACT Anchorage, Alaska, is a natural laboratory for recording strong ground motions from a variety of earthquake sources. The city is situated in a tectonic region that includes the interface and intraslab earthquakes related to the subducting Pacific plate and crustal earthquakes from the upper North American plate. The generalized inversion technique was used with a local rock reference station to develop site response at &gt;20 strong-motion stations in Anchorage. A database of 94 events recorded at these sites from 2005 to 2019 was also compiled and processed to compare their site response with those in the 2018 Mw 7.1 event (main event). The database is divided into three datasets, including 75 events prior to the main event, the main event, and 19 aftershocks. The stations were subdivided into the site classes defined in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program based on estimated average shear-wave velocity in of the upper 30 m (VS30), and site-response results from the datasets were compared. Nonlinear site response was observed at class D and DE sites (VS30 of 215–300 and 150–215  m/s, respectively) but not at class CD and C sites (VS30 of 300–440 and 440–640  m/s, respectively). The relationship of peak ground acceleration versus peak ground velocity divided by VS30 (shear-strain proxy) was shown to further support the observation that sites with lower VS30 experienced nonlinear site response.

scholarly journals Seismic risk assessment of architectural heritages in Gyeongju considering local site effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Park ◽  
D.-S. Kim ◽  
D.-M. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Seismic Risk Assessment ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Site Period

Abstract. A seismic risk assessment is conducted for cultural heritage sites in Gyeongju, the capital of Korea's ancient Silla Kingdom. Gyeongju, home to UNESCO World Heritage sites, contains remarkable artifacts of Korean Buddhist art. An extensive geotechnical survey including a series of in situ tests is presented, providing pertinent soil profiles for site response analyses on thirty cultural heritage sites. After the shear wave velocity profiles and dynamic material properties were obtained, site response analyses were carried out at each historical site and the amplification characteristics, site period, and response spectrum of the site were determined for the earthquake levels of 2400 yr and 1000 yr return periods based on the Korean seismic hazard map. Response spectrum and corresponding site coefficients obtained from site response analyses considering geologic conditions differ significantly from the current Korean seismic code. This study confirms the importance of site-specific ground response analyses considering local geological conditions. Results are given in the form of the spatial distribution of bedrock depth, site period, and site amplification coefficients, which are particularly valuable in the context of a seismic vulnerability study. This study presents the potential amplification of hazard maps and provides primary data on the seismic risk assessment of each cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Investigating the influence of topographic irregularities and two-dimensional effects on surface ground motion intensity with one- and two-dimensional analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1773-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ç. İnce ◽  
L. Yılmazoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Site Response ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Equivalent Linear ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Earthquake Response Analysis

Abstract. In this work, the surface ground motion that occurs during an earthquake in ground sections having different topographic forms has been examined with one and two dynamic site response analyses. One-dimensional analyses were undertaken using the Equivalent-Linear Earthquake Response Analysis (EERA) program based on the equivalent linear analysis principle and the Deepsoil program which is able to make both equivalent linear and nonlinear analyses and two-dimensional analyses using the Plaxis 8.2 software. The viscous damping parameters used in the dynamic site response analyses undertaken with the Plaxis 8.2 software were obtained using the DeepSoil program. In the dynamic site response analyses, the synthetic acceleration over a 475-year return period representing the earthquakes in Istanbul was used as the basis of the bedrock ground motion. The peak ground acceleration obtained different depths of soils and acceleration spectrum values have been compared. The surface topography and layer boundaries in the 5-5' cross section which cuts across the study area west to east were selected in order to examine the effect of the land topography and layer boundaries on the analysis results, and were flattened and compared with the actual status. The analysis results showed that the characteristics of the surface ground motion change in relation to the varying local soil conditions and land topography.

scholarly journals Ground accelerations caused by large quarry blasts

1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
D. E. Hudson ◽  
J. L. Alford ◽  
W. D. Iwan
Keyword(s):  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Charge Weight ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Acceleration Time

Abstract Ground acceleration-time measurements have been made within 2000 ft. of two quarry blasts of total charge weight 185 tons and 673 tons. Ground accelerations were of a character and magnitude similar to those associated with damaging earthquakes. Complete response spectrum curves calculated from the acceleration records are presented. Direct comparisons are made between these results and previous similar measuements and calculations using identical instruments, which have been made of strong-motion earthquakes, H. E. blasts, and the Rainier nuclear blast.

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