Impact of groundwater on mining and underground space development in the Niagara Escarpment area

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Nadon ◽  
J. E. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Flow System ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Paleozoic Rock ◽  
Niagara Escarpment ◽  
Cap Rock ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

A field, laboratory, and numerical modelling study was undertaken to determine the impact of groundwater on mining activities and underground space development in the Paleozoic rock units of the Niagara Escarpment near Milton, Ontario. Five holes were drilled at a site next to the Dufferin quarry, penetrating the Amabel dolostone, the Reynales dolostone, the Cabot Head shale, the Manitoulin limestone, the Whirlpool sandstone, and the top part of the Queenston shale. Results of hydrogeological field and laboratory tests indicate the presence of an unconfined aquifer with an average hydraulic conductivity of 2 × 10−5 m/s, and a confined sandstone aquifer with a conductivity of 5 × 10−7 m/s separated by a shale and limestone aquitard having a conductivity of less than 10−9 m/s.Numerical model simulations of the groundwater flow system indicate that, for a 2 km2 underground mine located in the dolostone cap rock, the inflow rates range from 8 L/s to over 30 L/s with significant dewatering of the unconfined aquifer occurring within a distance of 1500 m of the mine boundaries. Calculations for a hypothetical mine located in the Whirlpool and Manitoulin Formations gave inflow rates of less than 3 L/s. It is concluded that groundwater conditions will not interfere with mining operations in either the dolostone unit or in the limestone–sandstone unit but could adversely affect subsequent space development in the dolostone unit. Keywords: hydrogeology, groundwater, underground space, aggregate, mining, sedimentary rocks, Niagara Escarpment.

Fictive Fathers in the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
Katrina Daly Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

Through my own narrative about my relationship with my fictive father in Zanzibar and the impact of this relationship on my research, in this autoethnographic essay I explore three themes: fictiveness, fatherhood, and the field. These themes tie together different aspects of the term “patriography,” linking them to ethnography and its subgenre autoethnography. Drawing on the term “patriography” as the science or study of fathers, I use the concept of “the field” to examine the impact of narratives about fathers on not only the field as a site of ethnographic research but also on the field of African cultural studies.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of land degradation on crop production: the case of Senegal

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. J. S. Sonneveld ◽  
M. A. Keyzer ◽  
D. Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Land degradation has been a persistent problem in Senegal for more than a century and by now has become a serious impediment to long-term development. In this paper, we quantify the impact of land degradation on crop yields using the results of a nationwide land degradation assessment. For this, the study needs to address two issues. First, the land degradation assessment comprises qualitative expert judgements that have to be converted into more objective, quantitative terms. We propose a land degradation index and assess its plausibility. Second, observational data on soils, land use, and rainfall do not provide sufficient information to isolate the impact of land degradation. We, therefore, design a pseudo-experiment that for sites with otherwise similar circumstances compares the yield of a site with and one without land degradation. This pairing exercise is conducted under a gradual refining of the classification of circumstances, until a more or less stable response to land degradation is obtained. In this way, we hope to have controlled sufficiently for confounding variables that will bias the estimation of the impact of land degradation on crop yields. A small number of shared characteristics reveal tendencies of "severe" land degradation levels being associated with declining yields as compared to similar sites with "low" degradation levels. However, as we zoom in at more detail some exceptions come to the fore, in particular in areas without fertilizer application. Yet, our overall conclusion is that yield reduction is associated with higher levels of land degradation, irrespective of whether fertilizer is being applied or not.

scholarly journals Integration of different-quality data in short-term mining planning

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Paixão Araújo ◽  
João Felipe Coimbra Leite Costa
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Imprecise Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Block Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Block Distribution ◽  
Ordinary Cokriging

AbstractDecisions, from mineral exploration to mining operations, are based on grade block models obtained from samples. This study evaluates the impact of using imprecise data in short-term planning. The exhaustive Walker Lake dataset is used and is considered as the source for obtaining the true grades. Initially, samples are obtained from the exhaustive dataset at regularly spaced grids of 20 × 20 m and 5 × 5 m. A relative error (imprecision) of ±25% and a 10% bias are added to the data spaced at 5 × 5 m (short-term geological data) in different scenarios. To combine these different types of data, two methodologies are investigated: cokriging and ordinary kriging. Both types of data are used to estimate blocks with the two methodologies. The grade tonnage curves and swath plots are used to compare the results against the true block grade distribution. In addition, the block misclassification is evaluated. The results show that standardized ordinary cokriging is a better methodology for imprecise and biased data and produces estimates closer to the true grade block distribution, reducing block misclassification.

scholarly journals Geospatial technology perspectives for mining vis-a-vis sustainable forest ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxmi Goparaju ◽  
P. Rama Chandra Prasad ◽  
Firoz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Forests, the backbone of biogeochemical cycles and life supporting systems, are under severe pressure due to varied anthropogenic activities. Mining activities are one among the major reasons for forest destruction questioning the survivability and sustainability of flora and fauna existing in that area. Thus, monitoring and managing the impact of mining activities on natural resources at regular intervals is necessary to check the status of their depleted conditions, and to take up restoration and conservative measurements. Geospatial technology provides means to identify the impact of different mining operations on forest ecosystems and helps in proposing initiatives for safeguarding the forest environment. In this context, the present study highlights the problems related to mining in forest ecosystems and elucidates how geospatial technology can be employed at various stages of mining activities to achieve a sustainable forest ecosystem. The study collates information from various sources and highlights the role of geospatial technology in mining industries and reclamation process.

scholarly journals Iron-bound organic carbon in forest soils: quantification and characterization

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4777-4788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Simon R. Poulson ◽  
Daniel Obrist ◽  
Samira Sumaila ◽  
James J. Dynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Aliphatic Carbon ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Abstract. Iron oxide minerals play an important role in stabilizing organic carbon (OC) and regulating the biogeochemical cycles of OC on the earth surface. To predict the fate of OC, it is essential to understand the amount, spatial variability, and characteristics of Fe-bound OC in natural soils. In this study, we investigated the concentrations and characteristics of Fe-bound OC in soils collected from 14 forests in the United States and determined the impact of ecogeographical variables and soil physicochemical properties on the association of OC and Fe minerals. On average, Fe-bound OC contributed 37.8 % of total OC (TOC) in forest soils. Atomic ratios of OC : Fe ranged from 0.56 to 17.7, with values of 1–10 for most samples, and the ratios indicate the importance of both sorptive and incorporative interactions. The fraction of Fe-bound OC in TOC (fFe-OC) was not related to the concentration of reactive Fe, which suggests that the importance of association with Fe in OC accumulation was not governed by the concentration of reactive Fe. Concentrations of Fe-bound OC and fFe-OC increased with latitude and reached peak values at a site with a mean annual temperature of 6.6 °C. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analyses revealed that Fe-bound OC was less aliphatic than non-Fe-bound OC. Fe-bound OC also was more enriched in 13C compared to the non-Fe-bound OC, but C ∕ N ratios did not differ substantially. In summary, 13C-enriched OC with less aliphatic carbon and more carboxylic carbon was associated with Fe minerals in the soils, with values of fFe-OC being controlled by both sorptive and incorporative associations between Fe and OC. Overall, this study demonstrates that Fe oxides play an important role in regulating the biogeochemical cycles of C in forest soils and uncovers the governing factors for the spatial variability and characteristics of Fe-bound OC.

scholarly journals Modern Solution for Fast and Accurate Inventorization of Open-Pit Mines by the Active Remote Sensing Technique—Case Study of Mikoszów Granite Mine (Lower Silesia, SW Poland)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6853
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Wajs ◽  
Paweł Trybała ◽  
Justyna Górniak-Zimroz ◽  
Joanna Krupa-Kurzynowska ◽  
Damian Kasza
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Sw Poland ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cloud Of Points ◽  
Lower Silesia

Mining industry faces new technological and economic challenges which need to be overcome in order to raise it to a new technological level in accordance with the ideas of Industry 4.0. Mining companies are searching for new possibilities of optimizing and automating processes, as well as for using digital technology and modern computer software to aid technological processes. Every stage of deposit management requires mining engineers, geologists, surveyors, and environment protection specialists who are involved in acquiring, storing, processing, and sharing data related to the parameters describing the deposit, its exploitation and the environment. These data include inter alia: geometries of the deposit, of the excavations, of the overburden and of the mined mineral, borders of the support pillars and of the buffer zones, mining advancements with respect to the set borders, effects of mining activities on the ground surface, documentation of landslide hazards and of the impact of mining operations on the selected elements of the environment. Therefore, over the life cycle of a deposit, modern digital technological solutions should be implemented in order to automate the processes of acquiring, sharing, processing and analyzing data related to deposit management. In accordance with this idea, the article describes the results of a measurement experiment performed in the Mikoszów open-pit granite mine (Lower Silesia, SW Poland) with the use of mobile LiDAR systems. The technology combines active sensors with automatic and global navigation system synchronized on a mobile platform in order to generate an accurate and precise geospatial 3D cloud of points.

scholarly journals Bordered Trajectories: The Impact of Institutional Bordering Practices on Young Refugees’ (Re-)Engagement with Post-15 Education in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Lucy Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Refugee Youth ◽  
Educational Decision ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Educational Decision Making ◽  
State Responses

Greece has been a site of various crises in recent years: firstly, the financial crash of 2008; secondly, the ongoing ‘refugee crisis’, which peaked in 2015; and thirdly, the current COVID-19 pandemic. This paper addresses the first of these crises, and particularly how state responses to increased migration flows shape young refugees’ (aged 15–25) (re-)engagement with post-15 learning opportunities upon arrival in the country. It is based on semi-structured interviews with young refugees living in Thessaloniki, conducted as part of an ethnographic doctoral project on educational decision-making. The findings reveal that three key institutional bordering practices in Greece—namely the bordering of space (via encampment), time (via enforced waiting), and public services (via administrative barriers)—played central roles in young refugees’ (re-)engagement with post-15 education; often causing their dreams to be diverted or downgraded. However, with determination and the support of willing gatekeepers, refugee youth found ways to (re)construct adapted learning trajectories despite, and in response to, these arrival challenges.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF LAND RECLAMATION AND PROTECTION DURING MINING IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(71)) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Olga Igorevna Ivanova ◽  
Aleksey Vasilevich Kozhukhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Actual Height ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining

The purpose of the study is to influence land resources during mining operations, and the main stages of land reclamation during mining on the example of the Tyradinsky gold Deposit, the "Zolotaya Tyrada" quarry, located in the Yenisei region of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The main factors of impact on land resources in the process of mining the field are considered; the analysis of measures to reduce the negative impact on land resources in the process of mining the field is carried out. The actual height and area of overburden dump not to exceed project, the reconfiguration of dumps allowed us to reduce the impact of mining on the environment, to avoid placing parts of the dumps in the water protection zone of the river Terada, thus there is no need of land allocation to forests of the first group and reduced the amount of removed topsoil. During the reclamation, potentially fertile soils (loam) taken from the quarry were used. There will be no deterioration in the impact on land resources during the liquidation process, due to the short duration of the work and within the existing land allotment.

scholarly journals Assembly: Performing the materiality of Muslim prayer spaces

Scene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

This article reflects on the significance and impact of Assembly, a site-specific research project made and exhibited in Birmingham Central Mosque, Brick Lane Mosque and Old Kent Road Mosque from 2016 to 2020. Assembly provided an opportunity for Muslims and non-Muslims to experience Jumu’ah prayer first-hand via the site performances, which temporarily dissolved the religious/social boundaries of each mosque. Each performance highlighted the differences and relations between each site, furthering ideas of performativity in Muslim prayer spaces. This article summarizes the impact reported by each mosque community as well as reflecting upon the relationships built within the wider community.

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