Laboratory-scale tests on anchored retaining walls supporting backfill with surface loading

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Anderson ◽  
T. H. Hanna ◽  
D. A. Ponniah ◽  
S. A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Anchor System ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Main Series ◽  
Strip Footings

Laboratory-scale tests simulating field construction procedures have been carried out to examine the behaviour of the soil–wall–anchor system when a rigid retaining wall, restrained by anchors, supports a sand backfill on which there is surface loading. Two main series of tests have been carried out, one with a uniform load applied over the whole backfill surface, and the other with a strip load applied parallel to the wall and at a varying distance from it. In both series of tests the intensity of loading was varied, and in the series with uniform loading on the backfill the effects of varying anchor inclination were studied. During all stages of construction wall movements, earth pressures, anchor loads, wall base reaction, and backfill surface subsidence were monitored. Although a conservative approach was used in the determination of the anchor loads, wall movements, and consequently backfill subsidence, were considerable. Similar movements at full scale could lead to settlement damage in a structure founded on a shallow mat or strip footings on a backfill, so tentative suggestions are made for more conservative earth pressure distribution assumptions for design purposes for the two cases studied.

Earth Pressure Analysis and Retaining Walls

2015 ◽  
pp. 313-410
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Retaining Structure ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Braced Excavations ◽  
Surcharge Load ◽  
Line Loads

Retaining walls are structures used not only to retain earth but also water and other materials such as coal, ore, etc. where conditions do not permit the mass to assume its natural slope. In this chapter, after considering the types of retaining wall, earth pressure theories are developed in estimating the lateral pressure exerted by the soil on a retaining structure for at-rest, active, and passive cases. The effect of sloping backfill, wall friction, surcharge load, point loads, line loads, and strip loads are analyzed. Karl Culmann's graphical method can be used for determining both active and passive earth pressures. The analysis of braced excavations, sheet piles, and anchored sheet pile walls are considered and practical considerations in the design of retaining walls are treated. They include saturated backfill, wall friction, stability both external and internal, bearing capacity, and proportioning the dimensions of the retaining wall. Finally, a brief treatment of earth pressure on underground structures is included.

scholarly journals Impact of wall movements on the location of passive Earth thrust

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 570-581
Author(s):  
Meriem F. Bouali ◽  
Mahdi O. Karkush ◽  
Mounir Bouassida
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Wall Movement ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Earth Pressures

Abstract The general assumption of linear variation of earth pressures with depth on retaining structures is still controversial; investigations are yet required to determine those distributions of the passive earth pressure (PEP) accurately and deduce the corresponding centroid location. In particular, for rigid retaining walls, the calculation of PEP is strongly dependent on the type of wall movement. This paper presents a numerical analysis for studying the influence of wall movement on the PEP distribution on a rigid retaining wall and the passive earth thrust location. The numerical predictions are remarkably similar to existing experimental works as recorded on scaled test models and full-scale retaining walls. It is observed that the PEP varies linearly with depth for the horizontal translation, but it is nonlinear when the movement is rotational about the top of the retaining wall. When rotation is around the top of the wall, the resultant of PEP is located at a depth that varies between 0.164 and 0.259H of the wall height measured from the base of the wall, which is lesser than 1/3 of the wall height. The passive earth thrust location is highly affected by the soil–wall friction angle, especially when the friction angle of the backfill material increases. Despite the herein presented results, further experiments are recommended to assess the corresponding numerical predictions.

Evaluation of Earth Pressures Against Rigid Retaining Structures with RTT Mode

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Fei Song ◽  
Jian Min Zhang ◽  
Lu Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Wall Displacement ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Mode A

The evaluation of earth pressure is of vital importance for the design of various retaining walls and infrastructures. Experimental studies show that earth pressures are closely related to the mode and amount of wall displacement. In this paper, based on the reveal of the formation mechanism of earth pressures against rigid retaining wall with RTT mode, a new method is proposed to calculate the earth pressure distribution in such conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is confirmed by the experimental results.

Research on Calculation Formula of Retaining Wall for Structural Reliability Program Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1154-1157
Author(s):  
Yun Lian Song ◽  
Si Li ◽  
Jian Ran Cao
Keyword(s):  
Safety Factor ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Active Earth Pressure ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Simplified Formula

Stability problem of gravity retaining wall structure was researched, and a simplified formula of the active earth pressure Ea was turned out for the convenience of the program design. The anti-slide safety factor K0 and anti-overturning safety factor Kc were derived based on different positions of slip plane of retaining wall. This work is the basis of the reliability calculating and program design, for these formulas must be used in anti-slide and anti-overturning safety failure mode in program compiling. On the basis of the known parameters such as wall type, wall dimensions, material parameters, external load, and so on, the program can automatically calculate K0 and Kc, their corresponding failure probability Pf and reliability index β can easily be calculated in later analysis. The research content provide a convenient calculation method, which is used to calculate the Ea and K0 and Kc and Pf and β of the actual retaining walls engineering.

Estimation of Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Wall with Translation Mode

2013 ◽  
Vol 639-640 ◽  
pp. 682-687
Author(s):  
Qing Guang Yang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Shan Huang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Active Earth Pressure ◽  
Action Point ◽  
Layer Analysis ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Reduction Coefficient ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
Theoretical Results

Considering the movement effect of translation mode，friction angle reduction coefficient and method of bevel-layer analysis,estimation of active earth pressures is deduced for cohesiveless soil retaining wall with translation mode.In order to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach，a model test for active earth pressures was conducted in laboratory;and the proposed method was used to analyze this model. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the curve of active earth pressure increases firstly and decreases then along the depth of retaining wall with different values of s/sc,and it has a point of intersection with the curve of Coulomb active earth pressure at the depth of 0.6H，where H is the wall height. Further study indicates that the action point position of the active earth pressure is higher than 1/3 times wall height.

scholarly journals Effect of Wall Inclination on Dynamic Active Thrust for Cohesive Soil Backfill

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gupta ◽  
V. Yadav ◽  
V. A. Sawant ◽  
R. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Wall Friction ◽  
Cohesionless Soil ◽  
Active Earth Pressure ◽  
Seismic Active Earth Pressure ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Seismic Loadings

Design of retaining walls under seismic conditions is based on the calculation of seismic earth pressurebehind the wall. To calculate the seismic active earth pressure behind the vertical retaining wall, many researchers reportanalytical solutions using the pseudo-static approach for both cohesionless and cohesive soil backfill. Design charts havebeen presented for the calculation of seismic active earth pressure behind vertical retaining walls in the non-dimensionalform. For inclined retaining walls, the analytical solutions for the calculation of seismic active earth pressure as well as thedesign charts (in non-dimensional form) have been reported in few studies for c-ϕ soil backfill. One analytical solution forthe calculation of seismic active earth pressure behind inclined retaining walls by Shukla (2015) is used in the present studyto obtain the design charts in non-dimensional form. Different field parameters related with wall geometry, seismic loadings,tension cracks, soil backfill properties, surcharge and wall friction are used in the present analysis. The present study hasquantified the effect of negative and positive wall inclination as well as the effect of soil cohesion (c), angle of shearingresistance (ϕ), surcharge loading (q) and the horizontal and vertical seismic coefficient (kh and kv) on seismic active earthpressure with the help of design charts for c-ϕ soil backfill. The design charts presented here in non-dimensional form aresimple to use and can be implemented by field engineers for design of inclined retaining walls under seismic conditions. Theactive earth pressure coefficients for cohesionless soil backfill achieved from the present study are validated with studiesreported in the literature.

scholarly journals Review on “Assessment of the effect of lateral dynamic forces on rcc cantilever l-shaped and t-shaped retaining wall with height variations”

2021 ◽  
Vol 1197 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Jayesh Harode ◽  
Kuldeep Dabhekar ◽  
P.Y. Pawade ◽  
Isha Khedikar
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Cantilever Retaining Walls ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Manual Calculation

Abstract It is now becoming very essential to analyse the behaviour of retaining structures due to their wide infrastructural applications. The important factors which are affecting the stability of the retaining wall are the distribution of earth pressure on the wall, material of backfill & its reaction against earth pressure. There are several types of retaining walls, out of them the cantilever retaining wall is adopted for present design and study. In this paper, the study of literature based on the design of the cantilever retaining walls under seismic or dynamic conditions is studied. From the studied literature, many authors performed their calculations in Excel sheets by a manual method. Then the Results obtained from the manual calculation are then validated in STAAD pro. Several authors show the calculated quantity of steel and concrete required for various heights of walls. It is also concluded from the study that the design of cantilever retaining wall is suitable, safe, and economical up to a height of 6m, after that banding moment at toe increases. Some authors have also shown the calculated factor of safety for different height conditions. From the study of mentioned literature, we can recommended to also show the graph of bending moment with height variation. Both the designs are done for various heights ranging from 3 m to 6 m.

Analysis of Passive Earth Pressure and Displacements of Retaining Walls Using Pseudo-Dynamic Approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-109
Author(s):  
B. Munwar Basha ◽  
G. L. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Passive Earth Pressure ◽  
Planar Mechanisms ◽  
Composite Failure ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Planar Failure ◽  
Seismic Accelerations ◽  
The Comparative Study

Using additional dynamic parameters in the pseudo-static method like shear wave and primary wave velocities of soil, phase change in the shear and primary waves, and soil amplification for seismic accelerations, one can benefit from another useful tool called pseudo-dynamic method to solve the problem of earth pressures. In this study, the pseudo-dynamic method is used to compute the seismic passive earth pressures on a rigid gravity retaining wall by considering both the planar failure and composite failure (log-spiral and planar) mechanisms. To validate the present formulation, passive earth pressure computed by the present method are compared with those given by other authors. Seismic passive earth pressure coefficients are provided in tabular form for different parameters. The sliding and rotational displacements are also computed and results of the comparative study showed that the assumption of planar failure mechanism for rough soil-wall interfaces significantly overestimates passive earth pressure and underestimate the sliding and rotational displacements.

Research and Analysis of Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls with Layered Non-Cohesive Backfills

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Yan Jiang ◽  
Zhan Xue Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Active Earth Pressure ◽  
Layer Analysis ◽  
Earth Pressures ◽  
Set Up

Based on the method of level-layer analysis , with the sliding harmonious condition of layered backfills considered , the theoretical answers to the unit earth pressures , the resultant earth pressures and the points of application of the resultant earth pressures on retaining walls with layered non-cohesive backfills are set up . The comparisons are made with Coulomb’s formula.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document