River erosion and bank stabilization — North Saskatchewan River, Edmonton, Alberta

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thomson ◽  
D. L. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Base Level ◽  
The North ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
Bank Stabilization ◽  
River Migration ◽  
Erosion Protection

The postglacial geology of the North Saskatchewan River valley in Edmonton is reviewed. Using radiocarbon dating by others, limited land survey, and aerial photography measurement, it is inferred that the river valley was quickly formed after glaciation during a period of rapid downcutting. Over the last 8000 years, the rate of vertical downcutting has been about 25 times slower than it was during the initial 5000 years following deglaciation. As the river reached its base level, lateral river migration occurred and erosion against the low-lying river terraces has been substantial. It is inferred that over the past century the lateral migration is probably at the rate of at least 30 m/century.Low-level erosion protection berms are required to stabilize the toe of a variety of landslides; however, they do not completely eliminate the causes of upper slope movement. The engineering considerations underlying the construction of four protective works are discussed and overall costs are presented.

Eocene paleo-physiography and drainage directions, southern Interior Plateau, British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Tribe
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
Base Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Bedrock Geology ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Early Cenozoic

A map of reconstructed Eocene physiography and drainage directions is presented for the southern Interior Plateau region, British Columbia south of 53°N. Eocene landforms are inferred from the distribution and depositional paleoenvironment of Eocene rocks and from crosscutting relationships between regional-scale geomorphology and bedrock geology of known age. Eocene drainage directions are inferred from physiography, relief, and base level elevations of the sub-Eocene unconformity and the documented distribution, provenance, and paleocurrents of early Cenozoic fluvial sediments. The Eocene landscape of the southern Interior Plateau resembled its modern counterpart, with highlands, plains, and deeply incised drainages, except regional drainage was to the north. An anabranching valley system trending west and northwest from Quesnel and Shuswap Highlands, across the Cariboo Plateau to the Fraser River valley, contained north-flowing streams from Eocene to early Quaternary time. Other valleys dating back at least to Middle Eocene time include the North Thompson valley south of Clearwater, Thompson valley from Kamloops to Spences Bridge, the valley containing Nicola Lake, Bridge River valley, and Okanagan Lake valley. During the early Cenozoic, highlands existed where the Coast Mountains are today. Southward drainage along the modern Fraser, Chilcotin, and Thompson River valleys was established after the Late Miocene.

Out-of-phase Holocene terraces in part of the North Saskatchewan River basin, Alberta

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Rains ◽  
James Welch
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Alluvial Terrace ◽  
Base Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Alluvial Sediment ◽  
Main River ◽  
Alluvial Terraces ◽  
Local Base ◽  
Geochronological Evidence ◽  
Small Tributary

This study focuses on alluvial terraces in part of the North Saskatchewan River valley, near Edmonton, and in the small tributary valleys of Whitemud and Strawberry creeks. The characteristic terrace morphologies and alluvial sediment sequences are briefly described, but most importantly, the deposits are radiocarbon dated for many sites. Twenty-seven new 14C dates on bone, wood, charcoal, and shell materials, along with previously reported dates, provide the chronological framework for the study. Occurrences of the Mazama ash marker bed in terrace alluvium offer additional geochronological evidence. The small tributary valleys have clearly developed in an out-of-phase manner relative to the main river valley, which acts as their local base level. Despite the comparatively abundant geochronological evidence described here, the explanation of alluvial terrace development, in terms of predominant causal factors, remains tantalizingly elusive.

scholarly journals Low terraces of the Styr River valley in the middle part of the Volhyn Upland

2016 ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Roman Hnatyuk ◽  
Taras Novak
Keyword(s):  
Geological Structure ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
River Level ◽  
The North ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Loess Deposits ◽  
Constant Altitude

The paper focuses on the description of the low Pleistocene terraces (with the height of up to 20 m above the river level) of the Styr River valley that were identified in the middle part of the upland between Bilche–Krasne villages in the south and Boratyn–Pidhaitsi villages in the north. The main attention is concentrated on the mapping of the terraces and the overview of their outcrops as well as analysis of the boreholes data. The study of the geological structure of the terraces becomes the basis to determine their age. Mapping of river terraces was executed using topographic maps in scale 1:10 000. On the territory where previous researchers identified one or two terraces, we have identified five morphologically distinct cyclic (paired) terraces. The highest low terrace that is widespread territorially is named here the main terrace and the other four that are locally preserved are combined in a complex of minor low terraces. The level of the main Styr terrace has almost constant altitude of about 191–192 m. The average height of the terrace surface is gradually increasing downstream from 12–13 to 14–16 m above river level. Its surface is slightly undulating and complicated by relatively large isometric depressions with the diameter of up to 100 m and more. The slightly meandering forms similar to channels with the plan size comparable with the modern Styr channel occur on the terrace surface. The main terrace is relatively complicated and has mainly two-termed structure – the lower part of sedimentary sequence is composed of normal (perstrative) alluvium of large thickness; the upper part is composed of constrative alluvium accumulated when the river channel was laterally inactive. The terrace is overbuilt by a loess layer a few meters thick that covers floodplain alluvium without a distinct break in accumulation. Geological structure of the minor low terraces is relatively simple and recalls the floodplain structure. Absence of well-expressed paleosols in the alluvial and loess deposits of the low terraces suggests that they were formed during Late Pleniglacial (MIS 2). Key words: river terrace, alluvium, Late Pleistocene, Late Pleniglacial, Volhyn Upland, Styr River valley.

The Last Interglaciation in Northeast Siberia

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Lozhkin ◽  
Patricia M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Models ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Organic Deposits

AbstractAlluvial, fluvial, and organic deposits of the last interglaciation are exposed along numerous river terraces in northeast Siberia. Although chronological control is often poor, the paleobotanical data suggest range extensions of up to 1000 km for the primary tree species. These data also indicate that boreal communities of the last interglaciation were similar to modern ones in composition, but their distributions were displaced significantly to the north-northwest. Inferences about climate of this period suggest that mean July temperatures were warmer by 4 to 8°C, and seasonal precipitation was slightly greater. Mean January temperatures may have been severely cooler than today (up to 12°C) along the Arctic coast, but similar or slightly warmer than present in other areas. The direction and magnitude of change in July temperatures agree with Atmospheric General Circulation Models, but the 126,000-year-B.P. model results also suggest trends opposite to the paleobotanical data, with simulated cooler winter temperatures and drier conditions than present during the climatic optimum.

Famous teachers and educators of the first half of the XX century about the problems of the North Caucasian muslim education.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-222
Author(s):  
Nadezhda O. Bleich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Past Century ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
New Type ◽  
Historical Heritage

The article is devoted to the consideration of the worldview positions of famous educators of the past century regarding the state of school education among Muslims of the North Caucasus region. It is proved that the enlighteners advocated the creation of a new type of national non-class school and the construction of the didactic foundations of the educational process in it. The novelty of the work is that, based on the analysis of the views of the advanced intelligentsia of the region, aimed at understanding the current socio-cultural situation, an attempt was made to scientifically understand the problems and prospects for the development of the Muslim educational system of the past from the point of view of the modern scientific paradigm. The practical significance of the publication lies in expanding the understanding of the system of Mohammedan education in the context of its historical heritage, which will help to comprehend modern problems associated with the reform of general and vocational education in the national Muslim republics.

The late Wisconsinan olistostrome of the lower Coppermine River valley, Northwest Territories

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1700-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis A. St-Onge ◽  
Jean Lajoie
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
The North ◽  
Geologic Record ◽  
Coppermine River

The late Quaternary olistostrome exposed in the lower Coppermine River valley fills a paleovalley that ranges in apparent width from 150 to 400 m and was cut into Precambrian bedrock before the last glaciation. The olistostrome is here named the Sleigh Creek Formation. The coarse fraction of the formation is matrix supported; beds are massive or reversely graded and have sharp, nonerosive contacts. These characteristics suggest deposition of the coarse fraction by debris flows. The olistostrome sequence is bracketed by, and wedged into, a marine rhythmite sequence, which indicates that deposition occurred in a marine environment.About 10 500 years BP glacier ice in the Coronation Gulf lowland dammed the valley to the south, which was occupied by glacial Lake Coppermine. Sediments accumulated in this lake in a 30 m thick, coarsening upward sequence ranging from glaciolacustrine rhythmites of silt and fine sand at the base to coarse sand alluvium, and deltaic gravels at the top. As the Coronation Gulf lowlands became ice free, the Coppermine River reoccupied its former drainage course to the north. The steep south to north gradient and rapid downcutting by the river through the glacial lake sediments produced unstable slope conditions. The resulting debris flows filled a bedrock valley network below the postglacial sea level, forming the diamicton sequence.The interpretation of the Sleigh Creek Formation raises questions concerning silimar diamicton deposits usually defined as "flowtills." More generally, the results of this study indicate that care must be used when attempting paleogeographic reconstructions of "glaciogenic" deposits in marine sequences in any part of the geologic record.

scholarly journals Pałac czy dwór? Na Czechowie czy na Czechówce? Glossa do rozważań o krajobrazie kulturowym północno-zachodniej części historycznego Lublina

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Jacek Chachaj
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Previous Article ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
North Western

The article is a response to the publication of M. Dudkiewicz, W. Durlak and M. Dąbski concerning a non-existent object called a manor or palace that existed in the modern era in the north-western part of Lublin on the edge of a plateau extending northwards from the Czechówka river valley. Since the previous article contains substantive factual errors, this text also attempts to show the ownership changes of the area where the manor existed, and specify its more precise location. The postulate for further research remains primarily the architectural analysis of the building, which in the second half of the 18th century was in an advanced state of decay.

scholarly journals DPRK'S nuclear program

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Liailia Aidarovna Gainullina ◽  
Rustem Ravilevich Muhametzyanov ◽  
Bulat Aidarovich Gainullin ◽  
Nadiia Almazovna Galiautdinova
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Korean People ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Bilateral Relations

Historically, in the eyes of the Korean people, Japan is an antagonistic state that has brought them many troubles in the past century. Relations between Japan and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) are fundamental in terms of security in the Northeast Asia (NEA) region, since the decision on the DPRK nuclear missile program and on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula is one of the pillars of achieving that very security throughout the region. The period, we consider in this study, from 1996 to 2006, is of significant importance, since a thorough analysis of the events of those years is important for understanding the root of existing problems in bilateral relations between Japan and North Korea. The present analysis on the behavioral lines in the solution of the North Korean nuclear missile program may contribute to the choice the best way to normalize relations between the two countries.    

scholarly journals Pyhäjoki – murreraja ja vanha valtaraja?

Virittäjä ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Mantila ◽  
Matti Leiviskä
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
The North ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Definition Of

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan keskipohjalaisten ja pohjoispohjalaisten eli Oulun seudun murteiden rajaa. Kettusen murrekartastosta on poimittu kahdeksan piirrettä, jotka erottavat näitä murteita toisistaan. Näitä piirteitä ovat esimerkiksi t:n heikon asteen vastineet ja yksikön 3. persoonan päätteet. Nämä samat piirteet ovat myös itä- ja länsimurteita erottavia piirteitä siten, että keskipohjalaiset variantit ovat läntisiä ja pohjoispohjalaiset itäisiä. Analyysi pohjautuu pääosin Muoto-opin arkiston kokoelmiin. Murreanalyysin tulos on, että kaikki tähänastiset rajanvedot keski- ja pohjoispohjalaisten murteiden välillä ovat olleet liian pohjoisia. Murreraja on toki häilyvä, mutta pohjoispohjalaiset (ja itäiset) variantit ovat vallalla jo heti Pyhäjoella tai sen pohjoispuolella. Artikkelissa palataan myös siihen Kettusen esittämään argumenttiin, että puheena olevien murteiden raja on Pattijoessa, koska se on ollut Pähkinäsaaren rauhan (1323) rajalinja. Tässä Kettunen nojaa historiantutkija Jalmari Jaakkolan näkemykseen. Muissa tutkimuksissa rajaksi on tulkittu Pyhäjoki tai Petäjäisoja. Murreanalyysi tukee vahvasti Pyhäjoen tulkintaa rajajoeksi, varsinkinkin kun historiantutkimuksessa Pyhäjoen voidaan todeta olleen itä- ja länsisuomalaisen asutuksen välinen intressiraja. Viimeaikaisen tutkimuksen mukaan samoille alueille sijoittuu myös geneettinen raja.   River Pyhäjoki – an old dialect boundary and a state border? This article discusses the boundary between the Central and Northern Ostrobothnian (Oulu region) dialects. The focus is on eight dialectal features (taken from Kettunen’s classic dialect map) that separate these dialects. These features include the weak-grade equivalents of t and the endings of 3rd-person singular verb forms. These features are also deemed to separate the eastern and western dialects of Finnish so that the Central Ostrobothnian variants represent the western dialect type and the Northern Ostrobothnian variants represent the eastern type. The present findings are based primarily on the materials of the Finnish Morphological Archive. The results suggest that all former borderlines between the Central and Northern Ostrobothnian dialects were drawn too far to the north. Naturally, the dialect boundary is rather fluid, but most of the Northern Ostrobothnian (and eastern) variants are already represented in the river valley around Pyhäjoki or in the parishes immediately to the north. In addition, the article re-examines Kettunen’s definition of this dialect boundary. Kettunen claims that the boundary runs along the Pattijoki valley, and in his estimation this reflects the borderline of the Pähkinäsaari Treaty (1323), the first treaty between the Swedish Kingdom and Novgorod. Here he cites the views of historian Jalmari Jaakkola. Some historians have subsequently suggested that the borderline ran along either the Pyhäjoki or Petäjäisoja rivers. Dialectological analysis strongly supports the interpretation of Pyhäjoki’s being the border, especially because historians have already proved that Pyhäjoki was once the northernmost border of the western Finnish settlement. According to recent research, it seems that Pyhäjoki represents a genetic border too.

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