Major rock slides in the Rockies

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Cruden
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Rupture Surface ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
Slide Mass ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Rock Slides ◽  
Geometry And Kinematics

The Frank Slide is the best known of a number of major rock slides in the Canadian Rockies. Seven other slides of the same order of magnitude are described from the Front and Main Ranges between Jasper and the United States border.The geometry and kinematics of the slides are controlled by discontinuities in the rock slide mass. Typically, the major part of the rupture surface is parallel to bedding; the orientation of the lateral margins and the scarp of the slide may be controlled by joint sets.Sliding tends to occur on slopes where bedding dips towards valleys at angles between 30 and 40° and in thickly-bedded, massive weathering rocks such as quartzites, dolomites, and limestones. Major causes of sliding appear to be erosion at the foot and lateral margins of the slide mass.The slides may be easily identified on aerial photographs by their effect on the local vegetation and by the characteristic appearance of their debris. All the slides observed are post-glacial, their frequency seems to have been underestimated and, in places, they may impose major constraints on further development.

Geotechnical characteristics of large rapid rock slides

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Glastonbury ◽  
Robin Fell
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Slide Mass ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Internal Deformation ◽  
Strength Rock ◽  
First Time ◽  
Loss Of Strength ◽  
Rock Slides

Based on the analysis of 51 case studies of large rapid rock slides, for a landslide to travel rapidly after failure there has to be a significant loss of strength on the basal surface of rupture, lateral margins, and (or) internally within the slide mass, or the factor of safety has to be maintained below 1.0 after failure by high groundwater pressures. Internally sheared compound slides and translational slides may all travel rapidly depending on their detailed geotechnical and geometric characteristics. The characteristics of these landslides that suggest an increased likelihood of rapid failure have been identified. All the rapid rock slides examined in this study involved relatively high-strength rock masses. Most cases were considered to be first-time landslides, largely involving brittleness on the basal rupture surface. However, there were some cases considered to be reactivated or active landslides on pre-sheared rupture surfaces. For this latter group, the loss of strength leading to rapid landsliding was associated with brittle internal deformation or lateral margins.

Geotechnical characteristics of large slow, very slow, and extremely slow landslides

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Glastonbury ◽  
Robin Fell
Keyword(s):  
Friction Angle ◽  
Slow Movement ◽  
Rupture Surface ◽  
Rock Mass Strength ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Rock Slides ◽  
Piezometric Pressure ◽  
Landslide Movement

Based on a study of 45 large slow-moving landslides, it is apparent that for a landslide to travel slowly after failure, the sliding is most likely to be active or reactivated, on a basal rupture surface at or close to residual strength. The likelihood of slow movement after failure is also increased when the inclination of the basal rupture surface is less than the residual friction angle. The slow-moving landslides are all of low rock-mass strength with varying degrees of disaggregation, or they possess soil strength. The influence of lateral margins on landslide restraint is generally small, with landslide movement typically controlled by fluctuations in piezometric pressure. The most commonly observed slow large landslides are mudslides and translational debris–rock slides, followed by particular forms of translational rock slides and internally sheared compound slides. Some mudslides display evidence of short periods of up to moderate velocities.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Glaciers in the Rocky Mountains of the United States

1977 ◽  
Vol 18 (79) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Graf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountains

AbstractEvidence from aerial photographs, maps, and field checks indicates that 319 glaciers lie in cirques of the Rocky Mountains, south of the United States-Canadian border. On a subcontinental scale, the distribution of glaciers is highly clustered, with larger and denser clusters located in the northern Rocky Mountains. Lesser concentrations of small glaciers occur in the southern Rocky Mountains. The total area of glaciers in the Rocky Mountains of the U.S.A. is 78.9 km2.

scholarly journals How to predict color?

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Valer'evna Skalka
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Final Word ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Online Format ◽  
Further Development

The subject of this research is the forecast or prediction of color. The Russian science does not feature work dedicated to such aspect; however, foreign sources approached prediction of color from various perspectives, most often viewing the color trends as an inseparable part of fashion. The goal of this work consists in determination of the place and time of conception of the color forecasts, historical analysis of evolution of this phenomenon, and assumptions on further development of this direction. Territorially, the epicenters of development of color forecasts are determined in Europe (France and England), in America (the United States), in Asia (Japan). The author describes the peculiarities of color predictions in each country – at certain stages one or another county was ahead or behind; whit the advent of the Internet, everything moves to online format and becomes more dynamic. The article follows the forecast of color since its emergence, highlighting all stages of its development and establishment. The chronological framework of its development stages stretches from the early XVIII century until modernity. From the earliest to more recent, these stages include the color cards, mediators and agents (between factories, textile workers and customers, and stores), trade fairs and expositions, online services and websites. It is determined that with the course of time, the methods and instruments for predicting color were being accumulated and used together; the new colors were added, while the already existing did not lose their relevance. Despite the development of technologies, a final word in forecasting color trends belongs to a human, based on experience and intuition.

scholarly journals MANDATORY DEATH PENALTY IN THE GLOBALIZED WORLD

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Ирина Нагорная ◽  
Irina Nagornaya
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Government ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Further Development

The subject of this research is the death penalty as a mandatory punishment for the most serious crimes in the United States, Asia and the Caribbean and corresponding constitutional problems. The author analyses foreign courts’ judgments and foreign researchers’ points of view. The author considers the influence of the jurisprudence of the US Supreme Court on the countries with similar legal systems, the importance of legal thought in other countries for further development of law-enforcement practice in a particular region and the globalized world. The author analyzes inconsistent position of Singapore, as well as the indecisiveness of the government of Malaysia, because until recently these two countries were fervent supporters of the mandatory death penalty in the Commonwealth. The author supports the global trend towards the abolition of the mandatory death penalty and the fact that the “Asian values” are not an insurmountable barrier to achieve this goal.

Low Birth Weight, Vital Records, and Infant Mortality

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1145
Author(s):  
MYRON E. WEGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Almost All

About one tenth of all infant deaths occur in babies weighing less than 500 g at birth, almost all of whom die very shortly thereafter. In 1983, when the United States reported 3,638,933 live births, 4,368 of them were less than 500 g; that year there were 26,507 neonatal deaths. This means that slightly more than 0.1% of all live births contributed to 17% of neonatal mortality. Given this order of magnitude, any change in the numbers relating to these tiny babies can have a disproportionate influence on reported infant mortality and on interstate comparisons. Two questions promptly arise. How accurate and meaningful are the data regarding babies born weighing less than 500 g? What can be done to decrease the deaths in this category? Wilson et al1 call attention to how the number of very low birth weight infants reported by a state may be affected by the state's definition of a live birth.

Fatal Dog Attacks, 1989-1994

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-895
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Sacks ◽  
Randall Lockwood ◽  
Janet Hornreicht ◽  
Richard W. Sattin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dog Bite ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Dog Bites ◽  
Pediatric Health Care ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Objectives. To update data on fatal dog bites and see if past trends have continued. Design. To merge data from vital records, the Humane Society of the United States, and searches of electronic news files. Setting. United States. Subjects. U.S. residents dying in the U.S. from 1989 through 1994 from dog bites. Results. We identified 109 dog bite-related fatalities, of which 57% were less than 10 years of age. The death rate for neonates was two orders of magnitude higher than for adults and the rate for children one order of magnitude higher. Of classifiable deaths, 22% involved an unrestrained dog off the owner's property, 18% involved a restrained dog on the owner's property, and 59% involved an unrestrained dog on the owner's property. Eleven attacks involved a sleeping infant; 19 dogs involved in fatal attacks had a prior history of aggression; and 19 of 20 classifiable deaths involved an unneutered dog. Pit bulls, the most commonly reported breed, were involved in 24 deaths; the next most commonly reported breeds were rottweilers (16) and German shepherds (10). Conclusions. The dog bite problem should be reconceptualized as a largely preventable epidemic. Breedspecific approaches to the control of dog bites do not address the issue that many breeds are involved in the problem and that most of the factors contributing to dog bites are related to the level of responsibility exercised by dog owners. To prevent dog bite-related deaths and injuries, we recommend public education about responsible dog ownership and dog bite prevention, stronger animal control laws, better resources for enforcement of these laws, and better reporting of bites. Anticipatory guidance by pediatric health care providers should address dog bite prevention.

METHODS OF CRIMINAL`S STUDYING IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Ирина Александровна Пушкарева ◽  
Любовь Николаевна Одинцова
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Distinctive Pattern ◽  
Criminal Profiling ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Criminal Personality ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Уровень преступности в нашей стране и в мире остается по-прежнему высоким. Изменения личности преступников обусловливают возникновение новых способов совершения преступлений. В результате этого необходимость изучения причин, условий и мотивов совершения общественно опасных деяний и особенностей лиц, их совершивших, посредством зарекомендовавших себя и получающих широкое распространение методик научного познания является актуальным для криминологии и иных наук криминального цикла. Авторы освещают понятие «криминальное профилирование», истоки его развития, особенности и условия применения данного метода в российской и американской криминологической практике. Кроме того, предпринята попытка обоснования его значения в отечественном правовом поле и определения перспектив дальнейшего развития. Цель и задачи работы - освещение позитивной зарубежной практики применения криминального профайлинга, возможность заимствования положительного опыта в России. Основными результатами настоящей статьи выступили апробированные рядом зарубежных стран способы изобличения преступников по характерному почерку совершения преступлений, причинам и условиям, им способствующим, криминальной мотивации. На основе анализа зарубежных источников и литературы авторы обосновывают вывод о положительных аспектах вошедшей в практику методики криминального профайлинга за рубежом и расширении ее сферы в нашей стране. Материалы статьи будут интересны ученым и практикам, занимающимся борьбой с преступностью вообще и в условиях изоляции от общества за рубежом отдельных категорий осужденных в частности. The crime rate remains high in our country and in the world. New ways of committing crimes are constantly emerging, and nature of criminal personality is also changing.The need to study the causes, conditions and motives for the committing of socially-dangerous acts and the characteristics of persons who committed them through proven and widely used methods of scientific knowledge does not lose relevance for criminology and other sciences of the criminal cycle. The authors highlight the concept of «criminal profiling», the origins of its development, and the peculiarities of the use of this method in Russian and American criminological practice.Moreover, an attempt was made to substantiate its significance in the domestic legal field and determine the prospects for further development. The goals and objectives of the research are to highlight the positive foreign practice of using criminal profiling, the possibility of borrowing positive experience in Russia. The main results of this article were the ways to expose criminals by the distinctive pattern in crime, the reasons and conditions that contribute to them and the reasons for illegal activities tested by a number of foreign countries. Based on the analysis of foreign sources and literature, the authors justify the conclusion about the positive aspects of the practice of criminal profiling abroad and the expansion of its sphere in our country. The materials of the article will be interesting to scientists and practitioners involved in the fight against crime in general and in isolation from society abroad of certain categories of convicts in particular.

Development of the Medical Interpreting Profession in the US

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Holly M. Mikkelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Us ◽  
Medical Interpreters ◽  
Medical Interpreting ◽  
Further Development

This chapter traces the development of the medical interpreting profession in the United States as a case study. It begins with the conception of interpreters as volunteer helpers or dual-role medical professionals who happened to have some knowledge of languages other than English. Then it examines the emergence of training programs for medical interpreters, incipient efforts to impose standards by means of certification tests, the role of government in providing language access in health care, and the beginning of a labor market for paid medical interpreters. The chapter concludes with a description of the current situation of professional medical interpreting in the United States, in terms of training, certification and the labor market, and makes recommendations for further development.

An International Comparative Study of the Roles, Rules, Norms, and Values That Predict Email use

2011 ◽  
pp. 177-204
Author(s):  
Mark F. Peterson ◽  
Stephanie J. Thomason ◽  
Norm Althouse ◽  
Nicholas Athanassiou ◽  
Gudrun Curri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Contingencies ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Communication And Technology ◽  
Further Development ◽  
E Mail

This chapter extends communication and technology use theories about factors that predict e-mail use by explaining the reasons for cultural contingencies in the effects of managers’ personal values and the social structures (roles, rules and norms) that are most used in their work context. Results from a survey of 576 managers from Canada, the English-speaking Caribbean, Nigeria, and the United States indicate that e-mail use may support participative and lateral decision making, as it is positively associated with work contexts that show high reliance on staff specialists especially in the U.S., subordinates, and unwritten rules especially in Nigeria and Canada. The personal value of self-direction is positively related to e-mail use in Canada, while security is negatively related to e-mail use in the United States. The results have implications for further development of TAM and media characteristic theories as well as for training about media use in different cultural contexts.

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