Settlement Performance of the Burlington Bay Skyway

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. J. Matich ◽  
A. G. Stermac
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Spread Footings ◽  
Timber Piles ◽  
Considerable Depth

The Burlington Bay Skyway is founded on a deep baymouth bar which is believed to be about 10 000 years old and to be normally loaded with respect to present ground level. Beneath the northern half of the bar there is a considerable depth of clay, which is also believed to be normally loaded under the weight of the bar. Bedrock occurs directly beneath the southern half.The skyway is symmetrical about Burlington channel, which is approximately centrally located along the length of the bar. Foundations include 74 piers and the abutments. Two main piers are carried on steel H-piles acting in friction, while 20 other piers on the north side are founded on short timber piles. All other piers, and the abutments, are founded on spread footings. The superstructure is of steel construction incorporating plate girder and rolled steel beam spans with continuity in units of three and four spans, respectively. Computations carried out during design indicated that differential settlements could exceed tolerable limits for continuous spans. Provision for shimming was therefore made, and settlement observations taken to provide the necessary control.The results of the settlement readings are presented primarily as a case history, along with a number of unusual features in the foundation subsoil arising out of its origin as a deep bar deposit.

scholarly journals Observations upon the marine barometer, made during the examina­tion of the coasts of New Holland and New Wales, in the Years 1801, 1802, and 1803. By Matthew Flinders, Esq. Com­mander of His Majesty’s Ship Investigator . In a letter to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K. B. P. R. S. &c. &c. &c

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 230-232
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
The Right

The chief circumstance that induced Capt. Flinders to think his observations Upon the marine barometer were worthy of attention, was the coincidence that took place between the rising and falling of the mercury, and the setting in of winds that blew from the sea and from off the land, to which there seemed to be at least as much reference as to the strength of the wind or the state of the atmosphere. Our author’s examination of the coasts of New Holland and the other parts of the Terra Australis, began at Cape Leuwen, and con­tinued eastward along the south coast. His observations, which, on account of their length, we must pass over, show, that a change of wind from the northern half of the compass to any point in the southern half, caused the mercury to rise; and that a contrary change caused it to fall. Also, that the mercury stood considerably higher When the wind came from the south side of east and west, than when, in similar weather, it came from the north side.

scholarly journals 7. The Thermal Windrose at the Ben Nevis Observatory

1888 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 416-419
Author(s):  
A. Rankine
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Stevenson Screen ◽  
The Mean

The Table, showing the Thermal Windrose, accompanying this paper, was computed from the observations made at the Ben Nevis Observatory during the three years ending May 1887. It shows the mean temperatures, on the mean of the three years, of the different winds for each month, for the year, and for the seasons. The direction of the wind is observed to the thirty-two points of the compass, but in this table the temperatures are only shown for eight points, the intermediate points having all been added on to these eight points in the same way as that described by Mr Omond inh is paper on " Winds and Rainfall" in the Journal of the Scottish Meteorological Society, namely, the by winds were added to their adjacent octants, and the points half-way between the octants were on the odd day of each month added to the octant to their right, looking out from the centre of the compass card, i.e., they were veered. two points, and on the even days to that on their left, i.e., they were backed two points. The mean temperature of each direction of wind for each month was found by tabulating the hourly observations of temperature under the direction of wind observed at the same time, or under its octant as above, and then taking the arithmetical mean. When the wind was variable, or its direction doubtful, the temperature was entered in the column for calms and variables. These variable winds belong chiefly to the northern half of the compass, their existence being principally due to the abrupt and precipitous character of the north side of the Ben. The temperatures given in the table are those indicated by thermometers which in summer and autumn are protected in the regulation Stevenson screen, and in winter and spring in a smaller pattern of the same, which can be shifted up or down a ladder-like stand, so as to be always at or near the standard height of 4 feet above the surface of the snow.

scholarly journals II.—On the Cudgegong Diamond Field, New South Wales

1879 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 444-458
Author(s):  
Norman Taylor ◽  
R. Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
The Hill

The next appearance of the older lead is at the “Rocky-ridge,” where the river, after running northerly for three-quarters of a mile, along the strike of the metamorphic beds, turns abruptly to the west. This ridge is a basalt-capped hill on the north side of the river, running in a north-west direction; it is about a mile long, with a bold rocky escarpment on its west side, facing the Sandy or Cudgebeyong Creek. Some tunnels have been driven in, and shafts sunk on this hill, and tolerably rich deposits of gold were found, but never followed out.Only in the southern half of the hill have diamonds been found(all more or less spotted).The drift is remark-able for the number and size of the agates it contains.The northern half of “the ridge” is underlaid by another outlier of the before-mentioned doubtful purple conglomerate, into which some tunnels have been driven in the western escarpment.The basalt is merely a fringe here, resting against the flank of the conglomerate, in which a small quantity of nuggetty gold was obtained;and form one to two inches thickness of lignite, or carbonaceous clay, is seen between it and the bottom of the basalt. Tte basali is intersected by numerous veins of a mineral allied to kaolin. The purple con-glomerate is similar in character to that near “the flat”and contains, on some of the joint faces, smll spherical crystalline aggreations of chalybite(carbonate of iron).At the extreme north ead of “the ridge”are great quantities of ironstone and conglomerate, but, from their Carbpniferous series, which is largely developed further north.The first diamonds which found their way to Melbourne were obtained.

I.—Recent Discoveries of Medieval Remains in London

Archaeologia ◽  
1916 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Philip Norman
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side

In September 1910 I heard that houses had been pulled down on the north side of Merchant Taylors’ Hall, and that various interesting discoveries had been made. Mr. Reader and I went there together, and an elevation and plan drawn by him of Roman remains then found are given in Archaeologia, vol. lxiii. They record the position of a Roman floor near the hall resting on gravel about 17 ft. 6 in. below the present ground level.

A Radiocarbon-dated Collared Urn from Oban

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER LOWE ◽  
ANN MacSWEEN ◽  
KATHLEEN McSWEENEY
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Funerary Ritual

A collared urn was found during the course of a watching-brief on the raised beach on the north side of Oban bay. Post-excavation analysis has succeeded in throwing some further light on the chronology of this type of urn and possibly on some elements of the funerary ritual associated with its burial. The same watching-brief also revealed the site of a truncated pit of medieval date, filled with fire-cracked stones.

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