Reply to the discussion by P.K. Robertson on “Influence of particle size on the correlation between shear wave velocity and cone tip resistance”1Appears in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49(1): 121–123 [doi: 10.1139/t11-100].

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Karray ◽  
Yannic Ethier
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Cone Tip Resistance ◽  
Tip Resistance

Influence of particle size on the correlation between shear wave velocity and cone tip resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Karray ◽  
Guy Lefebvre ◽  
Yannic Ethier ◽  
Annick Bigras
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Penetration Tests

The construction of the Péribonka dam involved deep compaction of its foundation using vibroflotation and dynamic compaction. Surface wave testing was used, in addition to classical tests (cone penetration tests (CPTs) and standard penetration tests (SPTs)) for the assessment of vibrocompaction. More than 900 shear wave velocity (Vs) and 1000 CPT profiles were obtained. This set of tests performed prior to and following vibrocompaction constitutes an important data bank, used in this study to establish a relationship between normalized shear wave velocity, Vs1, normalized tip resistance, qc1, and mean grain size, D50. Using the Péribonka project data obtained on fairly coarse sands in conjunction with the Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) project data obtained on fine sands has confirmed the significant effect of particle-size distribution on the relationship between Vs and qc. The paper proposes a correlation between Vs1, qc1, and D50 for uncemented and Holocene-age granular soils in continuity with the relation developed by Wride et al. from the CANLEX project.

scholarly journals Characterization of Norwegian marine clays with combined shear wave velocity and piezocone cone penetration test (CPTU) data

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Long ◽  
Shane Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
Marine Clays

A database of research-quality piezocone cone penetration test (CPTU) and shear wave velocity, Vs, information for Norwegian marine clays has been assembled to study the small-strain stiffness relationships for these materials and to examine the potential use of CPTU and Vs data in combination for the purposes of characterizing these soils. Data for sites where high-quality block sampling was carried out have mostly been used. Improvements have been suggested to existing correlations between the small-strain shear modulus, Gmax, or Vs and index properties for these soils. Recent research has shown that CPTU corrected cone tip resistance, qt, and especially the pore pressure measured during CPTUs, u2, and Vs can be measured reliably and repeatably and are not operator or equipment dependant. Therefore, a new soil classification chart involving the normalized cone resistance, Qt, and normalized shear wave velocity, Vs1, or Vs1 and Δu/[Formula: see text] (where u is the pore-water pressure and [Formula: see text] is the in situ vertical effective stress) is presented. Using this chart it is possible to clearly distinguish between clays of different overconsolidation ratios (OCRs).

Shear wave velocity as a geotechnical parameter: an overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud N. Hussien ◽  
Mourad Karray
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Available N ◽  
Tip Resistance

Shear wave velocity, Vs, is a soil mechanical property that can be advantageously measured in both the field and laboratory under real and controlled conditions. The measured Vs values are customarily used in conjunction with other in situ (e.g., standard penetration test blow count, N-SPT, and cone penetration resistance, qc-CPT) and laboratory (e.g., effective confining pressure, [Formula: see text], and void ratio, e) measurements to establish an abundant number of Vs-based correlations that could later be utilized to augment (in some cases, replace) designated testing. An attempt is made here to present the salient features of some existing widely used correlations to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding about the nature of these correlations and their applicability in geotechnical engineering practices. It is recognized that the reliability of some of these empirical formulations, still in general use today, has been questioned, as they are characterized by their lack of dependence on stress state and particle characteristics. A new Vs1–(N1)60 (where Vs1 is the stress-normalized shear wave velocity, and (N1)60 is the stress-normalized penetration blow count) correlation that accounts for grain sizes is highlighted by combining a recently published Vs1–qc1 (where qc1 is the stress-normalized cone tip resistance) formulation and available (N1)60–qc1 relationships. The new formulation is applicable to uncemented relatively young Holocene-age soil deposits. The estimated Vs1 values based on the proposed correlation are compared with reliable laboratory and field measurements, and the comparison shows that accounting for grain size of granular soils yields more realistic results regarding the Vs values than when particle size is not considered. The prime effect of grain size was to change the range of possible void ratios, which in turn had a substantial impact on Vs values. Moreover, a new Vs1–(N1)60 chart has been proposed, allowing the practitioner to estimate Vs1 values based on a combination of data including N-SPT, e, grain size, and relative density.

Continuous-interval shear wave velocity profiling by auto-source and seismic piezocone tests

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeseo Ku ◽  
Paul W. Mayne ◽  
Ethan Cargill
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
A Site ◽  
Exploratory Procedure

A new exploratory procedure for collecting continuous shear wave velocity measurements via cone penetration testing using a special autoseis source is presented whereby wavelets can be generated and recorded every 1 to 10 s. The continuous-interval seismic piezocone test (CiSCPTu) offers a fast, productive, and reliable means to expedite the collection of downhole shear wave velocity profiles, as well as additional readings on cone tip resistance, sleeve friction, and penetration porewater pressures with depth. A site in Windsor, Virginia, is utilized for illustrating the collection of data, calibration, and post-processing issues arising from large numbers of wavelets that require filtering, windowing, and selection in both time and frequency domain analyses. At the test site, the geology consists of shallow Holocene deposits of clays and sands to 8 m that are underlain by much stiffer calcareous sandy marine clay soils of Miocene age, which extend beyond the termination depths of the soundings at 30 m.

Why is there a discrepancy in shear wave velocity – cone tip resistance (Vs–qc) correlations’ trends with respect to grain size?

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourad Karray ◽  
Mahmoud N. Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
Wide Range

Although many regression equations of cone penetration test tip resistance, qc-CPT, versus shear wave velocity, Vs, are available in the literature resulting from a substantial research effort in this topic area, the outcome of these research efforts with respect to the influence of grain size on the Vs–qc correlations is in fact inconclusive because some of the suggested relationships, in common use today, either utilize irrelevant parameters or they are rather crude approximations of the Vs–qc trend over a wide range of grain sizes. A closer examination of this effect would be important for better assessment of the reliability and limitations of the proposed correlations. This note discusses the plausible reasons for the inconsistency in the existing Vs–qc correlations with respect to grain size through a detailed comparison of two well-known discrepant correlations referring to comparable experimental and field data. This note then goes further in its contribution to the practice of geotechnics by providing some useful recommendations to be considered in the prospective construction of Vs–qc correlations, especially when particle characteristics are taken into account.

Flat Dilatometer (DMT), Cone Penetrometer (CPT) and Seismic Cone (SCPT) Evaluation of Select New Madrid Liquefaction Sites

1992 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
Roman D. Hryciw
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Horizontal Stress ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Seismic Shear ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
New Madrid

Abstract Cone Penetration (CPT), Flat Dilatometer (DMT) and Seismic Shear Wave Velocity tests were conducted in four regions of the New Madrid seismic zone. Test results are compared to existing liquefaction criteria and to surface evidence of liquefaction (sandblows) during the 1811–1812 events. In general, all three tests confirm the presence of liquefaction-prone strata at locations with evidence of liquefaction. A “sand blow index” (SBI), which accounts for both local and regional sand blow intensity, correlates reasonably well against the minimum values of DMT horizontal stress index, the normalized CPT tip resistance, and the normalized shear wave velocity at each test location. An upperstratum clay also appears to play a significant role in inhibiting sand blow formation. Its thickness also correlates well with the SBI.

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