scholarly journals Performance of soil nails in Dublin glacial till

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1685-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher O. Menkiti ◽  
Michael Long
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Deformation Pattern ◽  
Soil Nailing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Nail ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Temporary Support ◽  
Current Design

Soil nailing is being used in many projects in glacial tills in Ireland, particularly to provide temporary support to steep slopes. Little design guidance is available for such materials, and it is known that the application of design procedures developed for other material is conservative. Detailed nail instrumentation and field monitoring has been undertaken during large-scale soil nailing works for the Dublin Port Tunnel project. It was found that the short-term behaviour of nails was the reverse of that assumed in current design methods. Most of the load was induced as a results of drilling and nailing the lift immediately below the nail being monitored rather than due to excavation-induced stress relief. The highest forces were developed in the upper nails where the largest ground movements occurred. This is the reverse of most current design methods where the highest soil–nail bond is assigned to the deepest nails. It seems that the observed short-term, prefailure behaviour of nailed slopes is governed more by the deformation pattern of the slope than by large-scale development of failed wedges. Current design procedures should be reviewed. Despite this, the trial confirmed that the currently used procedures are highly conservative for Dublin glacial till.

Numerical Simulation of Pressure Grouting in Soil Nail Pull-Out Tests

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1037-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jun Su ◽  
Jian Hua Yin ◽  
Shan Yong Wang ◽  
Hong Jian Liao
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Soil Nailing ◽  
Interface Shear ◽  
Soil Nail ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Grouting Pressure ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Pressure Grouting

Soil nailing is a widely used technique for stabilizing slopes and excavations. In all current design methods, the nail-soil interface shear strength, that is, the pull-out resistance of a soil nail is an important parameter which controls the design and safety assessment of the soil nailing system. The pressure grouting is a cost effective method for increasing the soil nail pull-out resistance and in turn improving the performance of the nailed structure. In this paper, a three dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) model for pull-out tests is established and verified by comparing simulated results with measured data. This model is then used to simulate the effect of grouting pressure on the soil nail pull-out resistance.

Large-scale pile tests in Mercia mudstone: Data analysis and evaluation of current design methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Omer ◽  
J. R. Omer ◽  
R. B. Robinson ◽  
R. Delpak ◽  
J. K. C. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Current Design

scholarly journals The Behaviour of Half-Slabs and Hollow-Core Slab in Four-Edge Supported Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10354
Author(s):  
Jakub Zając ◽  
Łukasz Drobiec ◽  
Radosław Jasiński ◽  
Mirosław Wieczorek ◽  
Wojciech Mazur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Hollow Core Slab ◽  
Longitudinal Joints ◽  
Electronic Method ◽  
Conservative Estimation

In this study, qualitative tests were carried out to compare the behaviour of selected slabs exposed to short- and long-term loading. Full-scale models of the half-slab and hollow-core slab with dimensions of 6.30 m × 6.30 m, built of four different precast panels, were tested. The first two were semi-precast lattice girder slabs, the third semi-precast prestressed ribbed panels, and the last was composed of hollow-core panels. A common feature was the lack of joint reinforcement and the same modular width of 600 mm. The short-term load was applied sequentially in the first stage, and displacement was measured using an electronic method. In the second stage of long-term testing, the load was mainly applied to one part of the slab. Testing under short-term and long-term load allows determining the change in the performance of panel slabs over time. The panels maintained the ability of load redistribution based on their interaction despite the work of the longitudinal joints being only through the concrete cross-section. The behaviour of slabs with concrete topping shows more significant lateral interactions than elements connected only by shear key. Comparative calculations were made based on four computational models. Comparative analysis showed that the current design procedures lead to a safe but conservative estimation of the slab behaviour.

The influence of currents on circular secondary clarifier performance and design

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Deininger ◽  
Frank W. Günthert ◽  
Peter A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Secondary Clarifier ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Density currents in the deeper zones of clarifiers and currents in the clear water zone have a significant influence on clarifier performance. Measurements of flow velocity profiles were conducted in full-scale horizontally flown circular secondary clarifiers. Relations between the hydraulic load and the development of density currents could be detected. Those patterns are not taken into account in current design procedures. Stationary design approaches are mainly based on the overflow rate. Novel design methods based on the dynamic behavior of flow and density distribution in clarifiers are needed in order to improve the efficacy of wastewater treatment systems.

scholarly journals BattleNet: Capturing Advantageous Battlefield in RTS Games (Student Abstract)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 13849-13850
Author(s):  
Donghyeon Lee ◽  
Man-Je Kim ◽  
Chang Wook Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Outcome Predictor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rts Game

In a real-time strategy (RTS) game, StarCraft II, players need to know the consequences before making a decision in combat. We propose a combat outcome predictor which utilizes terrain information as well as squad information. For training the model, we generated a StarCraft II combat dataset by simulating diverse and large-scale combat situations. The overall accuracy of our model was 89.7%. Our predictor can be integrated into the artificial intelligence agent for RTS games as a short-term decision-making module.

scholarly journals Blastocyst formation, embryo transfer and breed comparison in the first reported large scale cloning of camels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Olsson ◽  
A. H. Tinson ◽  
N. Al Shamsi ◽  
K. S. Kuhad ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Breed Comparison

AbstractCloning, through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), has the potential for a large expansion of genetically favorable traits in a population in a relatively short term. In the present study we aimed to produce multiple cloned camels from racing, show and dairy exemplars. We compared several parameters including oocyte source, donor cell and breed differences, transfer methods, embryo formation and pregnancy rates and maintenance following SCNT. We successfully achieved 47 pregnancies, 28 births and 19 cloned offspring who are at present healthy and have developed normally. Here we report cloned camels from surgical embryo transfer and correlate blastocyst formation rates with the ability to achieve pregnancies. We found no difference in the parameters affecting production of clones by camel breed, and show clear differences on oocyte source in cloning outcomes. Taken together we demonstrate that large scale cloning of camels is possible and that further improvements can be achieved.

How to increase customer repeated bookings in the short-term room rental market? A large-scale granular data investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 113495
Author(s):  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Jingxuan Cai ◽  
Xin (Robert) Luo ◽  
Jose Benitez
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Data Investigation

scholarly journals The Role of Risk Preferences in Responses to Messaging About COVID-19 Vaccine Take-Up

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062199962
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Trueblood ◽  
Abigail B. Sussman ◽  
Daniel O’Leary
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Preferences ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Nationally Representative

Development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine is widely considered as one of the best paths to ending the current health crisis. While the ability to distribute a vaccine in the short-term remains uncertain, the availability of a vaccine alone will not be sufficient to stop disease spread. Instead, policy makers will need to overcome the additional hurdle of rapid widespread adoption. In a large-scale nationally representative survey ( N = 34,200), the current work identifies monetary risk preferences as a correlate of take-up of an anticipated COVID-19 vaccine. A complementary experiment ( N = 1,003) leverages this insight to create effective messaging encouraging vaccine take-up. Individual differences in risk preferences moderate responses to messaging that provides benchmarks for vaccine efficacy (by comparing it to the flu vaccine), while messaging that describes pro-social benefits of vaccination (specifically herd immunity) speeds vaccine take-up irrespective of risk preferences. Findings suggest that policy makers should consider risk preferences when targeting vaccine-related communications.

Overburdened Gauls: the case of Florus and Sacrovir’s revolt of 21 CE

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Kreiner
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Scale Resistance ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In 21 CE, a series of localized movements broke out in Gallia Comata due to heavy debts among provincials according to Tacitus. Modern scholars have long argued that the indebtedness occurred because of rising interest rates, resulting from dwindling currency in circulation after decades of free-spending following Augustus’ victory at Actium, and that Gallic communities were subjected to an additional tribute to support the wars of Germanicus (14–16 CE), which continued unabated after the wars and pushed Gauls beyond their means. These claims are misguided, however, in that there is no certain evidence of a special tax to support Germanicus’ wars and that the argument for a dwindling circulation of currency in Gaul falters under closer inspection. Rather, the pressing statal and military needs imposed on communities in Gallia Comata after 9 CE on top of routine exactions could significantly increase burden levels levied on provincial populations, thus contributing to rising debts. Through examining how Roman logistics and conscription operated in this period, it is possible to trace how populations were impacted by such demands and which communities were most heavily affected by them, too. Individually, the impact of each factor is unlikely to have been burdensome enough to have caused large-scale resistance, it is only the cumulative effect that these explanations had on top of routine Roman extraction schemes that could create the conditions for this revolt. This paper argues that in extraordinary circumstances, such as the period after the Varian Disaster for Gallia Comata, the costs of supporting military campaigns places real short-term strains on local economies, which creates the conditions for revolt. The benefit of this approach is that it may explain other episodes of anti-fiscal resistance that broke out during or within a decade of wars in neighboring regions.

scholarly journals Two Stage Continuous Gesture Recognition Based on Deep Learning

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Huogen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Spatiotemporal Features ◽  
Spatiotemporal Information ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Depth Sequences

The paper proposes an effective continuous gesture recognition method, which includes two modules: segmentation and recognition. In the segmentation module, the video frames are divided into gesture frames and transitional frames by using the information of hand motion and appearance, and continuous gesture sequences are segmented into isolated sequences. In the recognition module, our method exploits the spatiotemporal information embedded in RGB and depth sequences. For the RGB modality, our method adopts Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Networks to learn long-term spatiotemporal features from short-term spatiotemporal features obtained from a 3D convolutional neural network. For the depth modality, our method converts a sequence into Dynamic Images and Motion Dynamic Images through weighted rank pooling and feed them into Convolutional Neural Networks, respectively. Our method has been evaluated on both ChaLearn LAP Large-scale Continuous Gesture Dataset and Montalbano Gesture Dataset and achieved state-of-the-art performance.

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