Laboratory characterization of the spatial variability in soils by the EM-wave-based technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsing Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Dong
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Pore Fluid ◽  
Dc Conductivity ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
Sample Depth ◽  
Saturated Sample ◽  
Fluid Conductivity

A slim-form, open-ended coaxial probe with an outside diameter of 2.2 mm was used in this study to take local dielectric measurements in soils. The dielectric relaxation strength of bulk water, Δκw, and the DC conductivity of the saturated sample, σmix, are jointly used to characterize the spatial variability of different specimens including glass beads, sand and mica samples, and kaolinite sediments with two different fabric associations. The pore distribution along the sample depth can be inferred from the local Δκw using mixing rules. The directional feature of the interconnected pores is captured in the tortuosity, which is derived from the measured σmix and the DC conductivity of the pore fluid σpf. In kaolinite sediments, the ratio between the sediment and the pore-fluid conductivity not only reveals the spatial variability of the sediment packing but also the relative contribution of the fluid conductivity and the surface conduction to the overall sediment conductivity.

Laboratory Characterization of SAM-35 Concrete

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Williams ◽  
Stephen A. Akers ◽  
Paul A. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Characterization

scholarly journals Growth, lifetime, directional movement and myosin-dependent motility of mutant keratin granules in cultured cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lehmann ◽  
R. E. Leube ◽  
R. Windoffer
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Directional Movement ◽  
Multiple Characteristics ◽  
Cell Centre

AbstractIntermediate filament polypeptides (IFPs) are prominent components of cytoplasmic aggregates, which are pathognomonic for multiple diseases. Recent observations in cultured cells suggest that they are dynamic and subject to regulated turnover. The emerging concept is that multiple factors contribute to motility and turnover of IFP-containing aggregates. To understand their relative contribution, quantitative tools are needed. The current study addresses this need using epithelial cells producing mutant keratin IFPs that have been identified as the cause of the hereditary blister-forming skin disease epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Digital image analysis of individual granules allowed mapping of their complete life cycle, with information on multiple characteristics at any given time-point. The deduced signet features revealed rapid granule fusion and directed transport from the periphery towards the cell centre, and a limited, ~ 30 min lifetime with a slow, continuous growth phase followed by fast disassembly. As paradigmatic proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that inhibition of myosin II selectively reduces granule movement, linking keratin granule motility to retrograde cortical acto-myosin flow. The newly developed methods and established parameters will help in the characterization of known and the identification of novel regulators of IFP-containing aggregates.

Laboratory characterization of an APD-based tip-tilt corrector

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Esposito ◽  
Enrico Marchetti ◽  
Roberto Ragazzoni ◽  
Andrea Baruffolo ◽  
Jacopo Farinato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Characterization

Nitrification in bulk water and biofilms of algae wastewater stabilization ponds

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Babu ◽  
M.M. Mushi ◽  
N.P. van der Steen ◽  
C.M. Hooijmans ◽  
H.J. Gijzen
Keyword(s):  
Model Equation ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Columns ◽  
Wastewater Stabilization Ponds

Nitrogen removal in wastewater stabilization ponds is poorly understood and effluent monitoring data show a wide range of differences in ammonium. For effluent discharge into the environment, low levels of nitrogen are recommended. Nitrification is limiting in facultative wastewater stabilization ponds. The reason why nitrification is considered to be limiting is attributed to low growth rate and wash out of the nitrifiers. Therefore to maintain a population, attached growth is required. The aim of this research is to study the relative contribution of bulk water and biofilms with respect to nitrification. The hypothesis is that nitrification can be enhanced in stabilization ponds by increasing the surface area for nitrifier attachment. In order to achieve this, transparent pond reactors representing water columns in algae WSP have been used. To discriminate between bulk and biofilm activity, 5-day batch activity tests were carried out with bulk water and biofilm sampled. The observed value for Rnitrbulk was 2.7 × 10−1 mg-N L−1 d−1 and for Rbiofilm was 1,495 mg-N m−2 d −1. During the 5 days of experiment with the biofilm, ammonia reduction was rapid on the first day. Therefore, a short-term biofilm activity test was performed to confirm this rapid decrease. Results revealed a nitrification rate, Rbiofilm, of 2,125 mg-N m−2 d−1 for the first 5 hours of the test, which is higher than the 1,495 mg-N m−2 d−1, observed on the first day of the 7-day biofilm activity test. Rbiofilm and Rnitrbulk values obtained in the batch activity tests were used as parameters in a mass balance model equation. The model was calibrated by adjusting the fraction of the pond volume and biofilm area that is active (i.e. aerobic). When assuming a depth of 0.08 m active upper layer, the model could describe well the measured effluent values for the pond reactors. The calibrated model was validated by predicting effluent Kjeldahl nitrogen of algae ponds in Palestine and Colombia. The model equation predicted well the effluent concentrations of ponds in Palestine.

Statistical characterization of the spatial variability of soil moisture in a cutover peatland

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Petrone ◽  
J. S. Price ◽  
S. K. Carey ◽  
J. M. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Statistical Characterization

CHARACTERIZATION OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND CONE INDEX USING COULTER AND PENETROMETER-TYPE SENSORS

Soil Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 171 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay David Jabro ◽  
Robert G. Evans ◽  
Yunseup Kim ◽  
William B. Stevens ◽  
William M. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cone Index

scholarly journals Laboratory characterization of firebrands involved in spot fires

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ganteaume ◽  
Mercedes Guijarro ◽  
Marielle Jappiot ◽  
Carmen Hernando ◽  
Corinne Lampin-Maillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
Spot Fires
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