Earthwork compaction evaluation using soil air voids

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L Mokwa ◽  
Stefan Fridleifsson
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Soil Air ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Field Compaction

The soil air voids method represents an alternate approach to the traditional Proctor method of field compaction control. The air voids evaluation procedure is based on the premise that the future performance of a compacted layer of soil can be evaluated by comparing the measured air voids with a predetermined limiting value. In theory, a field inspector can rapidly determine if a soil layer meets the specified compaction criteria without obtaining a soil sample for laboratory Proctor compaction testing. Recently, there has been renewed interest in this approach by state departments of transportation because of its timesaving benefits and relative simplicity. The results of this study indicate that the air voids method provides an indirect check on the dry density of the compacted layer; however, the soil water content is not directly assessed during the field evaluation. Using results from laboratory and field tests, examples are provided of problems that could occur with certain soil types if inherent water content limits are relied upon during compaction.Key words: compaction, air voids, Proctor compaction, specific gravity.

Field experimental investigation on filling the soda residue soil with liquid soda residue and liquid fly ash

2020 ◽  
pp. 105678952095042
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Bai ◽  
Jiaxiao Ma ◽  
Junwei Liu ◽  
Mingyi Zhang ◽  
Nan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Liquid Mixing ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
Dynamic Penetration

In order to reuse waste soda residue, the feasibility of utilizing liquid soda residue and liquid fly ash to prepare soda residue soil was investigated. The mechanical properties of the soda residue soil were studied and analyzed through laboratory tests and field tests. The raw materials preparation process and liquid-liquid mixing method in the field were determined, and the optimal mixing proportion of the soda residue soil was investigated by compaction test and micro penetration test. And the filling quality of the liquid-liquid mixing and solid-liquid soda residue soil was measured by micro penetration test, light dynamic penetration test, and variable energy dynamic penetration test. The test results showed that the optimal mass ratio of soda residue to fly ash is 7:3. The optimal water content and maximum dry density of the soda residue soil with the optimal mix ratio are 63.5% and 0.88 g/cm3, respectively. After 5 months of natural drying, the soda residue soil filled by liquid soda residue and liquid fly ash has higher strength and better uniformity of hardness. The water content of the soda residue soil is between 160% to 180%, and drainage consolidation is the effective method to reduce the water content and improve the strength of the soda residue soil. Compared with the method of preparing the soda residue soil by solid mixing, the method used in this experiment is simple, efficient and feasible.

Winter earthwork: embankment construction using frozen soil

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard D. Alkire ◽  
Wilbur M. Haas ◽  
James J. Botz
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Granular Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Loss Of Stability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Frozen Soils ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Field Compaction

Construction of embankments using frozen soils can cause excessive settlement and loss of stability after the soil thaws. This paper contains observations and test results obtained during cold weather construction of a small embankment. Included in the construction phase was ripping of a frozen granular soil, placing and compacting frozen embankment material, and installation of settlement plates and thermistors. Field tests were conducted to determine the size and gradation of the frozen chunks used in the embankment, monitor dry density and moisture content during compaction of the fill, and measure settlement and soil temperatures within the embankment. Results from the field tests were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of field compaction of frozen soil and to quantify settlements that occur as the soil thaws. The results provide the basis for recommendations concerning winter earthwork.

Soil Improvement and Stabilization

2015 ◽  
pp. 589-647
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Field Compaction ◽  
Semi Empirical

It is often necessary to improve the properties of the soil whether as a foundation material or as a construction material because it is not suitable for its intended purpose. The fundamental techniques for improving the properties of natural materials are compaction, modification, stabilization, drainage, precompression, vibrocompaction, soil reinforcement, which includes soil nailing, and the use of geotextiles. The principles and methods of compaction are discussed: compaction parameters like maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content, zero-air-voids curve for different degrees of saturation, factors affecting compaction. The chapter further discusses field compaction, compaction control, and compaction equipment. The chapter also considers the other fundamental techniques for improving the properties of soils. Finally, the chapter briefly considers the types and requirements of a pavement and the two essential methods of design namely semi-empirical method and rational method of design.

Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Tropical Clay Treated with Rice Husk Ash

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian O. Eberemu ◽  
Agapitus A. Amadi ◽  
Joseph E. Edeh
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Waste Containment ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Waste Containment Systems

Laboratory study on compacted tropical clay treated with up to 16% rice husk ash (RHA), an agro-industrial waste; to evaluate its hydraulic properties and hence its suitability in waste containment systems was carried out. Soil-RHA mixtures were compacted using standard Proctor, West African Standard and modified Proctor efforts at-2, 0, 2 and 4% of optimum moisture content (OMC). Compacted samples were permeated and the hydraulic behaviour of the material was examined considering the effects of moulding water content, water content relative to optimum, dry density and RHA contents. Results showed decreasing hydraulic conductivity with increasing moulding water content and compactive efforts; it also varied greatly between the dry and wet side of optimum decreasing towards the wet side. Hydraulic conductivity generally decreased with increased dry density for all effort. Hydraulic conductivity increased with rice husk ash treatment at the OMC; but were within recommended values of 1 x 10-7 cm/s for up to 8% rice husk ash treatment irrespective of the compactive effort used. This shows the suitability of the material as a hydraulic barrier in waste containment systems for up to 8% rice husk ash treatment and beneficial reuse of this agro-industrial waste product.

Test Investigation on Mechanical of Unsaturated Loess

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Yun Xu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Test Investigation ◽  
Unsaturated Loess ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Compacted Loess

Compression and collapse of unsaturated compacted loess are studied by using dry density and water content which easily controlled in engineering, the controlling range of dry density and water content are confirmed respectively. Then the deformation of compression and collapse and the frequency of engineering damager occurrence can be decreased. In addition, the mechanical characteristics of loess in different directions may differ because the loess was consolidated only under the condition of its upper weight of soil and load. The conventional mechanical experiments, including one-dimensional compress and collapse test, were conducted with the specimen of loess soil in different angle from the original horizontal plane. The test result shows that the loess is anisotropic

scholarly journals Thermal Conductivity of Compacted GO-GMZ Bentonite Used as Buffer Material for a High-Level Radioactive Waste Repository

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Gui Chen ◽  
Xue-Min Liu ◽  
Xiang Mu ◽  
Wei-Min Ye ◽  
Yu-Jun Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Gmz Bentonite ◽  
High Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
High Level ◽  
Crucial Parameter

In China, Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite serves as a feasible buffer material in the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository, while its thermal conductivity is seen as a crucial parameter for the safety running of the HLW disposal. Due to the tremendous amount of heat released by such waste, the thermal conductivity of the buffer material is a crucial parameter for the safety running of the high-level radioactive waste disposal. For the purpose of improving its thermal conductivity, this research used the graphene oxide (GO) to modify the pure bentonite and then the nanocarbon-based bentonite (GO-GMZ) was obtained chemically. The thermal conductivity of this modified soil has been measured and investigated under various conditions in this study: the GO content, dry density, and water content. Researches confirm that the thermal conductivity of the modified bentonite is codetermined by the three conditions mentioned above, namely, the value of GO content, dry density, and water content. Besides, the study proposes an improved geometric mean model based on the special condition to predict the thermal conductivity of the compacted specimen; moreover, the calculated values are also compared with the experimental data.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art-Review of Collapsible Soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. AL-Rawas
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Collapsible Soils ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Compaction Control

Collapsible soils are encountered in arid and semi-arid regions. Such soils cause potential construction problems due to their collapse upon wetting. The collapse phenomenon is primarily related to the open structure of the soil. Several soil collapse classifications based on parameters such as moisture content, dry density, Atterberg limits and clay content have been proposed in the literature as indicators of the soil collapse potential. Direct measurement of the magnitude of collapse, using laboratory and/or field tests, is essential once a soil showed indications of collapse potential. Treatment methods such as soil replacement, compaction control and chemical stabilization showed significant reduction in the settlement of collapsible soils. The design of foundations on collapsible soils depends on the depth of the soil, magnitude of collapse and economics of the design. Strip foundations are commonly used when collapsing soil extends to a shallow depth while piles and drilled piers are recommended in cases where the soil extends to several meters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of collapsible soils. These include the different types of collapsible soils, mechanisms of collapse, identification and classification methods, laboratory and field testing, treatment methods and guidelines for foundation design.

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