Influence of rainfall regime on hydraulic conditions and movement rates in the overconsolidated clayey slope of the Orvieto hill (central Italy)

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Tommasi ◽  
Paola Pellegrini ◽  
Daniela Boldini ◽  
Renato Ribacchi
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Cumulative Rainfall ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Present Complex ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Overconsolidated Clays ◽  
Ground Profile ◽  
Clayey Slope

The medieval town of Orvieto is built on the top of a pyroclastic slab overlying a gentle slope of overconsolidated clays. The clayey slope has been constantly affected by landslide phenomena in the form of slow movements and failure events, which in turn have periodically caused instability of the marginal areas of the pyroclastic slab. Since 1982 a number of Casagrande-type piezometers and inclinometers were installed in the northern slope of the Orvieto hill within the area that was involved in the huge Porta Cassia landslide in 1900. In this paper, after a brief description of the geology and the geotechnical properties of the slope, data obtained through the monitoring system are illustrated. Piezometric data are utilized to develop a conceptual model of the hydraulic conditions in the clayey slope, and inclinometer measurements are interpreted and correlated with the geotechnical ground profile and slope morphology to understand the present complex evolution of the clayey slope. Finally, the strong correlation among the rainfall regime, the piezometric levels, and the rate of movements is discussed, and the recurrence periods of critical cumulative rainfall on displacement trends are estimated on the basis of statistical methods.Key words: overconsolidated clays, slope movements, piezometric levels, rainfall.

Private 1968 and the margins: The Vicolo Cassini’s community in Macerata, Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Sofia Serenelli
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Public ◽  
Marche Region ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Set Up

The collective memory of the Italian 1968 has been defined as a ‘possessive memory’, shaped by its most influential protagonists from the main urban centres, who also became its most influential historians. The ‘marginal’ areas of the Italian movement, which was characterised by its length and breadth in geography and society, have for long time been left aside. Furthermore, persistent ‘dark sides’ and historiographical gaps still remain to be explored. One of these is the ‘private side’ of 1968, in particular, with regard to the ‘family’ and its alternative everyday lifestyles, strikingly within a movement whose main historical characteristic has been defined as ‘the emergence of subjectivity in the public sphere’. This article addresses these two main neglected aspects of the Italian 1968, the geographical margins and the ‘private side’ of the family and alternative lifestyles, by concentrating on a provincial area of the Marche region (Macerata), in Central Italy. Exploring memories and raw material through oral history and micro-historical focus, it concentrates on a group of militants attempting to set up an alternative ‘hippy’ community and to experience alternative lifestyles. By looking at their collective memory and experience of 1968 in contention as well as in dialogue with codified histories and master-narratives, it will be shown that dominant categories and the codified historiography of the Italian movement either do not apply or have a different meaning. In doing so, I will argue that memory can shed light on the relevance of ‘place’, as well as on the relationship between the ‘global’ and the ‘local’, in the historical understanding of the essence and legacy of 1968.

scholarly journals GDS (Geomagnetic Depth Sounding) in Italy: applications and perspectives

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Di Mauro ◽  
E. Armadillo ◽  
E. Bozzo ◽  
V. Cerv ◽  
A. De Santis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Geomagnetic Variations ◽  
Conductivity Distribution ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Mountain Chain ◽  
Conducting Bodies ◽  
Depth Sounding

The analysis of geomagnetic field variations is a useful tool to detect electrical conductivity contrasts within the Earth. Lateral resolution of outlined patterns depends on the array dimensions and density of measurement sites over the investigated area. The inspection depth is constrained by the period of geomagnetic variations considered in data processing. Regions with significant geological features such as boundaries of continental plates, marginal areas of contact between tectonic units or other geodynamical processes, are of primary interest for the application of the MagnetoVariational (MV) method. In the last ten years, in the frame of the ElectroMagnetic (EM) sounding techniques in applied geophysics, this method has been applied in Italy by researchers of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica, Rome, the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universitá di Genova and the Czech Science Academy of Prague. The Ivrea body in the Northwestern Alps and their junction with the Apennine chain, the micro-plate of the Sardinian-Corsican system and, recently, the central part of the peninsula along Tyrrhenian-Adriatic lithospheric transects were investigated. Studies in time and frequency-domain used in the first investigations, have been followed by more refined analysis involving tests on the induced EM field dimension, computations of single site Transfer Functions (TFs) through Parkinson arrows' and Fourier maps in the Hypothetical Event technique (HE). It was possible to describe the electrical conductivity distribution in the inner part of the SW Alpine arc and to confirm the presence of lithospheric and asthenospheric anomalies obtained by other geophysical methods. For the Sardinia-Corsica system, 2D and 3D inversion models highlighted the existence of two major conducting bodies, one north of Corsica, and the other south of Sardinia. In Central Italy, the regional electrical conductivity distribution pointed out a deep conductive structure beneath the Apennines and a very resistive root for this part of the mountain chain.

Wild plants of organoleptic or nutritional interest and food traditions in central Italy: some interesting cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Maria Guarrera ◽  
Aurelio Manzi
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Wild Food Plants ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Folk Traditions ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics

Thirteen wild plants and their food uses in the folk traditions of some regions of central Italy are described. These uses that can be exploited for human nourishment were collected during field research (1977–2003). Some wild food plants quoted are not very well known. The herbs have been selected for their peculiar organoleptic characteristics (Taraxacum apenninum, T. glaciale, Crepis leontodontoides), for their nutritional interest (Bunium bulbocastanum, Sinapis alba, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum apenninum, T. glaciale) and the possibility of their cultivation in marginal areas (see Chenopodium bonus-henricus, Podospermum canum, P. laciniatum and some of the quoted species).

scholarly journals Impact of Local Global Warming on Rainfall and Annual Cocoa Water Requirements in the Regions of Lôh-Djiboua and Gôh in West-central Côte d'Ivoire

2019 ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Noël Ehounou ◽  
Brou Kouamé ◽  
Mathias G. Tahi ◽  
Emmanuel K. Kassin ◽  
Charles S. Dékoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Cumulative Rainfall ◽  
West Central ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To understand the role of the interannual variability of cumulative rainfall and maximum dry sequences in cocoa production in the Centre-Ouest, one of the cocoa basins in Côte d'Ivoire, in order to propose technical routes more adapted to current rainfall conditions. Study Design: Collection, analysis and processing of daily rainfall data collected by the rain gauges at Divo and Gagnoa stations. Location and Duration of Studies: Divo Cocoa Research Station of the National Center for Agricultural Research, between January 2017 and June 2019. Methodology: The rainfall regime of each locality was determined to assess the impact of rainfall changes on the seasonality of rainfall. The interannual variability of rainfall was studied from the reduced centred rainfall indices. The break years in the time series were detected at both stations from the Khrono Stat software. The interannual cumulative rainfall were analysed for each station and compared to the minimum threshold allowed for cocoa trees. The means of the maximum interannual dry sequences and their probabilities of occurrence were determined using the agrometeorological software called Instat + Version 3.37. Results: The rainfall regime in the area studied (west-central Côte d'Ivoire) has not been modified by the post-rupture rainfall recession as is the case in other parts of the country; it remains a bimodal system characterized by two rainy seasons and two dries during the year. The Divo and Gagnoa regions have been facing a general recession in rainfall since 1966 in Gagnoa and 1972 in Divo. However, the locality of Gagnoa has experienced an increase in rainfall since 2000. Most of the rupture detection tests identified rainfall rupture dates identical to those indicated by the interannual variability highlighted by the rainfall indices. In Gagnoa and Divo, the interannual cumulative rainfalls after the years of rainfall break are reduced compared to those before these rainfall accidents. This situation has led to an increase in the maximum interannual dry sequences in the departments studied. Conclusion: Local climate change has created difficult rainfall conditions after years of rainfall break for cocoa trees as their water needs are increasingly reduced, especially in Divo in Lôh-Djiboua where the downward trend in rainfall has been continuous since 1972. In Gagnoa since the beginning of this century, there has been a new wet period that allows rainfall to adequately meet the cocoa tree's water requirements.

scholarly journals Farm efficiency related to animal welfare performance and management of sheep farms in marginal areas of Central Italy: a two-stage DEA model

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 955-969
Author(s):  
Lucio Cecchini ◽  
Laura Vieceli ◽  
Adriano D’Urso ◽  
Chiara Francesca Magistrali ◽  
Claudio Forte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Farm Efficiency

scholarly journals Rainfall induced landslides in December 2004 in south-western Umbria, central Italy: types, extent, damage and risk assessment

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cardinali ◽  
M. Galli ◽  
F. Guzzetti ◽  
F. Ardizzone ◽  
P. Reichenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
Cumulative Rainfall ◽  
Landslide Hazards ◽  
Umbria Region ◽  
Risk Scenario ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Town

Abstract. The autumn of 2004 was particularly wet in Umbria, with cumulative rainfall in the period from October to December exceeding 600 mm. On 4–6 December and on 25–27 December 2004, two storms hit the Umbria Region producing numerous landslides, which were abundant near the town of Orvieto where they affected volcanic deposits and marine sediments. In this work, we document the type and abundance of the rainfall-induced landslides in the Orvieto area, in south-western Umbria, we study the rainfall conditions that triggered the landslides, including the timing of the slope failures, we determine the geotechnical properties of the failed volcanic materials, and we discuss the type and extent of damage produced by the landslides. We then use the recent event landslide information to test a geomorphological assessment of landslide hazards and risk prepared for the village of Sugano, in the Orvieto area. Based on the results of the test, we update the existing landslide hazards and risk scenario for extremely rapid landslides, mostly rock falls, and we introduce a new landslide scenario for rapid and very rapid landslides, including soil slides, debris flows and debris avalanches.

scholarly journals Space-Time Characterization of Rainfall Field in Tuscany

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Kendall Test ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
North West ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Cumulative Rainfall ◽  
North Eastern

Precipitation during 2001-2016 over the northern and central part of Tuscany was studied in order to characterize the rainfall regime. The dataset consisted of hourly cumulative rainfall series recorded by a network of 801 rain gauges. The territory was divided into 30x30 km square areas, the annual, seasonal and daily Average Cumulative Rainfall (ACR) in all areas was estimated along with its uncertainty. The trend analysis of ACR time series was performed by means of the Mann-Kendall test. Four climatic zones were identified: the north-western was the rainiest, followed by the north-eastern, north-central and south-central. An overall increase in precipitation was identified, more intense in the north-west, and determined mostly by the increase in winter precipitation. On the entire territory, the ACR, number of rainy days, mean precipitation intensity and sum of daily ACR in four intensity groups were evaluated at annual and seasonal scale. The main result was a magnitude of the ACR trend evaluated as 35 mm/year, due mainly to an increase in light and extreme precipitations. This result is in contrast with the decreasing rainfall detected in the past decades.

Analysis of heavy-rainfall-induced fast soil erosion: examples the NE Abruzzo clayey hills (Central Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Marsala ◽  
Tommaso Piacentini ◽  
Alberto Galli
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Cumulative Rainfall ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events

<p>Soil erosion induced by heavy rainfall deeply affects landscape changes and human activities. It depends on rainfall distribution (e.g., intensity, duration, cumulative) and is controlled by the interaction among several factors including lithology, orography, hydrography, land-use, and vegetation. The Abruzzo piedmont-coastal area features a clayey hilly landscape that is historically affected by heavy rainfalls. In the last decades, it was affected by several heavy rainfall events in close sequence. In this work, we investigated some~1-day heavy rainfall (>35 mm/h and 100-220 mm/d) events occurred in 2007, 2011, and 2012 that affected the clayey hilly-coastal NE Abruzzo area. We analyzed cumulative rainfall, intensity and duration, mapping triggered geomorphological effects (soil erosion and accumulation) and evaluating average erosion.</p><p>The analysis provides contributions to the soil erosion assessment on clayey landscapes that characterizes the Adriatic hilly area, to the estimation of rainfall triggering thresholds for heavy soil erosion, and to a comparison of erosion in single events with rates known in the Mediterranean area. Comparing the different areas and cases investigated, the triggering threshold for heavy soil erosion shows an expected value ~100–110 mm. The estimated average soil erosion is from moderate to high (0.08–3.08 cm in ~1-day heavy rainfall events). The investigated relationships show a good correlation of sol erosion with cumulative rainfall, which results to be the most effective triggering factor, and a poor correlation with peak rainfall intensity. Finally, this work outlines the strong impact of soil erosion on the landscape changes in clayey hilly landscapes largely present in Mediterranean environments, such as in the Abruzzo and Adriatic hilly areas.</p>

Modelling herbicide treatment impact on groundwater quality in a central Italy area

Agronomie ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Daniela Businelli ◽  
Enrico Tombesi ◽  
Marco Trevisan
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Herbicide Treatment
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