Solution charts for the consolidation of double soil layers

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guofu Zhu ◽  
Jian-Hua Yin
Keyword(s):  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Consolidation Settlement ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Independent Parameters

This technical note presents solution charts for determining the average degree of consolidation of double soil layers for both one-way and two-way drainage. The influence of two newly introduced independent parameters on the average degree of consolidation is examined. The solution procedure is described clearly. When the compressibility, permeability, and thickness of the material making up each layer are given, the charts can be used to obtain the average degree of consolidation of the double soil layers for consolidation settlement calculations.Key words: consolidation, double soil layers, solution charts, drainage, settlement, soil.

Solution charts for the consolidation of circular footings embedded in a finite stratum

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Wei Zhang ◽  
Guofu Zhu ◽  
Ren Wang ◽  
Qingshan Meng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Time Factors ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Present Solution ◽  
Consolidation Settlement ◽  
Soil Skeleton ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Biot’S Consolidation

This technical note used the finite element method to investigate the consolidation behaviour of circular footings embedded in a finite stratum based on Biot’s consolidation theory. The influence of three factors on the degree of consolidation settlement was examined: (1) the ratio of the buried depth to the thickness of the stratum, (2) the ratio of the footing radius to the thickness of the stratum, and (3) the Poisson’s ratio of the soil skeleton. Based on the results of analysis, new normalized time factors are suggested. It is shown that the degree of consolidation exhibits very good normalized behaviour using the time factors. The authors also present solution charts for determining the degree of consolidation settlement of circular footings embedded in a finite stratum. These charts can provide engineers with a quick answer to the design issues. The maximum error caused by using the solution charts is within 3%.

scholarly journals Fundamentals of Physics-Informed Neural Networks Applied to Solve the Reynolds Boundary Value Problem

Lubricants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Andreas Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Meshless Method ◽  
Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Linear Ordinary Differential Equations

This paper presents a complete derivation and design of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) applicable to solve initial and boundary value problems described by linear ordinary differential equations. The objective with this technical note is not to develop a numerical solution procedure which is more accurate and efficient than standard finite element- or finite difference-based methods, but to give a fully explicit mathematical description of a PINN and to present an application example in the context of hydrodynamic lubrication. It is, however, worth noticing that the PINN developed herein, contrary to FEM and FDM, is a meshless method and that training does not require big data which is typical in machine learning.

Radial consolidation with vertical drains and general time-dependent loading

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Conte ◽  
Antonello Troncone
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Vertical Drains ◽  
Excess Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
Consolidation Settlement ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
General Time

A simple-to-use analytical solution for radial consolidation with vertical drains under equal strain conditions is presented in this paper. This solution accounts for the effects of soil smear, drain hydraulic resistance, and general time-dependent loading. A number of comparisons with other theoretical methods are shown to assess the accuracy of the proposed solution, both in terms of excess pore-water pressure and degree of consolidation settlement. Moreover, two case histories documented in the literature are analysed to evaluate the main parameters affecting radial consolidation in the presence of vertical drains.

Determination of time factor in a combined vertical and radial consolidation

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Murti
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Time Factor ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Drain Time ◽  
Explicit Formulae ◽  
Free Strain

Two explicit formulae for calculating the time factor for a given average degree of a combined vertical and radial consolidation have been successfully derived by manipulating some approximate and explicit forms of time factor for the vertical consolidation part and are presented in this technical note. Since these formulae have different accuracies and are meant to be complementary to each other, the regions where each is best suited have also been established. Key words: vertical consolidation, radial consolidation, sand drain, time factor, free strain, equal strain.

Consolidation of a soil layer subsequent to cessation of deposition

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-682
Author(s):  
Guofu Zhu ◽  
Jian-Hua Yin
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Excess Pore Pressure ◽  
Triangular Distribution ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Pore Pressures ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Excess Pore Pressures ◽  
Excess Pore

It is necessary in certain cases to estimate the progress of consolidation in a soil layer that has ceased increasing in thickness over time. In this paper, the existing excess pore pressures for two time–thickness relations are used as the "initial" pore pressures for analysing the consolidation of soil subsequent to the cessation of deposition. Average degrees of consolidation of the soil layer are presented for one-way drainage and two-way drainage boundary conditions. The average degrees of consolidation are compared with those for uniform and triangular initial excess pore pressure distributions. It is found that the average degree of consolidation for one-way drainage boundaries can be estimated using the value for the triangular distribution. The average degree of consolidation for two-way drainage boundaries is bound by the averages for both the uniform and the triangular initial excess pore pressure distributions.Key words: consolidation, deposition, drainage, settlement, soil.

Feedback Analysis Method and Its Application on Consolidation Settlement of Subgrade

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 1575-1579
Author(s):  
Cheng Hua Fu ◽  
Hong Bo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Feedback Analysis ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Consolidation Settlement ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Basic Content

Subgrade consolidation settlement was the basic content of deformation monitoring and settlement assessment for the railway, controlling settlement deformation was one of the key factors for the project. Based on measured settlement from subgrade, major mechanical parameters about subgrade soil were obtained by finite element method and BP neural network. After obtaining these parameters, finite element calculation would be done for consolidation settlement about subgrade, the deformation from pavement in different periods and post construction settlement and the average degree of consolidation for every stratum would be predicted based on the results, feedback analysis on consolidation settlement for the subgrade would be obtained. The results from it’s application in a railway subgrade project show that: this method may not only obtain rapidly the major mechanical parameters of soil layer, but also predict the consolidation settlement from subgrade reasonably. It can provide a good reference for the design and the operation and the settlement assessment in the railway project.

scholarly journals EVALUASI SETTLEMENT MENGGUNAKAN SURCHARGE PRELOADING DENGAN PVD PADA PROYEK DI BANDUNG SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Michael Christopher Yapriadi ◽  
Inda Sumarli ◽  
Ali Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Excess Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Surcharge Preloading ◽  
Improvement Method ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Excess Pore

The development in Indonesia continues to grow. Hence, the feasible land for construction is drastically decreased. However, some projects must be constructed on that kind of land. One solution to solve this problem is by using a soil improvement. A project in Bandung Selatan chose to apply Surcharge Preloading with PVD soil improvement method. This project used a combination of 9,2 metres surcharge preload and a 28 metres depth PVD, with triangular formation and 1,2 metres spacing. The soil improvement was finished after 548 days. This analysis aims to evaluate the settlement from the soil improvement result, which is 1,297 metres. This analysis uses a finite difference method program. The excess pore water pressure from the analysis result is 0,229 T/m2 on the 548th day. Therefore, these soil layers have possibilities to settle again in future. The 90% degree of consolidation settlement for this soil layers is 2,31 metres, which will be reached on the 813,4th days. It is suspected that there are some mistakes either during the soil improvement designing or the soil improvement process. Pembangunan di Indonesia terus berkembang. Akibatnya jumlah tanah yang baik untuk proyek konstruksi semakin menipis. Kendati demikian, ada kalanya suatu proyek harus dilaksanakan di lokasi tersebut. Salah satu solusi yang dapat ditempuh adalah dengan melakukan perbaikan tanah. Sebuah proyek di Bandung Selatan melakukan perbaikan tanah dengan metode Surcharge Preloading dengan PVD. Proyek ini menggunakan kombinasi antara timbunan setinggi 9,2 meter dan PVD sedalam 28 meter, dengan formasi segitiga yang dipasang dengan jarak antar PVD 1,2 meter. Perbaikan tanah dilakukan selama 548 hari. Analisis ini bertujuan melakukan evaluasi terhadap kurang maksimalnya penurunan di lapangan yang hanya mencapai 1,297 meter. Analisis dilakukan dengan bantuan program beda hingga. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, besarnya excess pore water pressure pada hari ke-548 adalah 0,229 T/m,2, sehingga lapisan tanah tersebut masih memiliki potensi untuk mengalami penurunan. Adapun penurunan konsolidasi 90% yang dapat terjadi sebesar 2,31 meter pada hari ke-813,4. Diduga terdapat kesalahan baik dalam perhitungan perencanaan awal ataupun saat pelaksanaan di lapangan.

scholarly journals 1-D CONSOLIDATION OF SOFT CLAY SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC LOADING USING LEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar El Gendy ◽  
Ibrahim El Arabi ◽  
Ibrahim El Kersh
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Initial Stress ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Equation Method ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Consolidation Settlement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Degree Of Consolidation ◽  
Port Said

In this paper, a numerical modification is carried out on the Layer Equation Method (LEM) of El Gendy and Herrmann to be applicable for analyzing 1-D consolidation of soft clay subjected to cyclic loading. The LEM is applicable for multilayered soil system subjected to variable initial stress along depth. The proposed solution is used for normally and over consolidated clays subjected to different types of cyclic loading considering the basis of the method of Toufigh and Ouria. The LEM is incorporated by the authors into the geotechnical software ELPLA and is verified with two verifications. The results of the verifications are close to the references results. The proposed solution is applied for circular storage tanks as a structure subjected to cyclic loading from filling and discharging cycles. An application was held to study the effect of cyclic loading on two zones located at Port-Said city in Egypt using real soil data from real sites. The results of the average degree of consolidation and consolidation settlement versus time are presented for both zones.

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