Clay mineral characterization through the methylene blue test: comparison with other experimental techniques and applications of the method

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Chiappone ◽  
Stefania Marello ◽  
Claudio Scavia ◽  
Massimo Setti
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Interpretation Criteria ◽  
Methylene Blue Test ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Semiquantitative Evaluation ◽  
Mineral Characterization ◽  
American Society ◽  
Sliding Instability

This article illustrates an experimental study of clay mineral characterization conducted with the aid of the methylene blue "stain" test, which yields a semiquantitative evaluation of the activity of a geomaterial based on the type and quantity of clay minerals contained in it. The properties of clay minerals are described briefly, with special regard to their swelling behaviour in the presence of water. The testing method is described with reference to the procedures and interpretation criteria specified in the Association française de Normalization (AFNOR) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The results are then presented of a testing campaign conducted to assess the applicability of the methylene blue test for the characterization of geomaterials through a comparison with other testing methods. Additional tests were performed on stratigraphic sequences to identify the levels containing higher proportions of active clay minerals, based on their tendency to swell on coming into contact with water. This characterization technique was applied to marly–arenaceous formations of the Langhe region (Piedmont, Italy), where planar sliding instability phenomena have often been observed following abundant rainfall, and marly–arenaceous formations of Monferrato (another region in southeast Piedmont, Italy), where studies of a geological–structural nature have often revealed traces of postsedimentary tectonic phenomena.Key words: methylene blue stain test, marl, clay mineral, swelling phenomenon, planar sliding instability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cretaceous limestones from the Aitoloakarnania province (Western Greece) for their use as road aggregates in terms of their content in swelling clay minerals

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
I. Mpalatsas ◽  
I. Rigopoulos ◽  
B. Tsikouras ◽  
K. Hatzipanagiotou
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Methylene Blue Test ◽  
Engineering Parameters ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals ◽  
Western Greece

The aim of this paper is to assess the suitability of a significant number of carbonate rocks from the Aitoloakarnania province (Western Greece) for their use as road construction aggregates, in terms of their content in swelling clay minerals. The study focuses on Cretaceous limestones from the Olonos-Pindos zone. Detailed petrographic analysis and the sand equivalent and methylene blue tests are carried out, in order to estimate the quantity of swelling clay minerals in aggregate particles. Special emphasis is given on correlating the results of the sand equivalent and methylene blue tests, as well as on the relationships between these engineering parameters and the petrographic data. The results are evaluated in accordance with the Greek and International suitability Standards for road construction aggregates. Although the results of the sand equivalent test indicate the suitability of the studied samples, the results of the methylene blue test imply that they are not suitable for use in all applications of road construction. Hence, it is proved that the methylene blue test is of fundamental importance for the determination of the lithotypes which are suitable for use as road aggregates in various applications.

scholarly journals Does the Methylene Blue Test Give Equally Satisfactory Results in All Studied Igneous Rocks Relative to the Identification of Swelling Clay Minerals?

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou ◽  
Petros Petrounias ◽  
Aikaterini Rogkala ◽  
Paraskevi Lampropoulou ◽  
Eleni Gianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Methylene Blue Test ◽  
Swelling Clay Minerals

The presence or the absence of swelling clay minerals in rocks, which are used in various construction applications, constitutes a determinant factor for their strength, and consequently, in their general behavior in various construction applications, as they have the ability to swell up to 400 times of their usual volume, causing failures to any application in which they participate. The aim of this study is to respond to the question of whether the empirical method of methylene blue yields equally safe and correct results in different types of igneous rocks and if not, which is the determining factor affecting the results. The answer to this complex question is feasible by investigating the microscopic structure and the mineralogy of the studied rocks, and particularly, using the content of specific phyllosilicate minerals which may be related or not with the methylene blue values. According to the results, the methylene blue test seems to work correctly for the intermediate (Group I) and mafic (Group II) examined rocks, but it seems to be wrong for the highly serpentinized ultramafic rocks (up to 70% of serpentine) (Group III).

Methylene Blue Test in Assessing Disease Free Margins in Lingual Carcinoma Resection

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2879-2880
Author(s):  
Razvan Hainarosie ◽  
Viorel Zainea ◽  
Mura Hainarosie ◽  
Catalina Pietrosanu ◽  
Irina Ionita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Resection Margins ◽  
Methylene Blue Test ◽  
Lingual Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Free

Lingual squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most frequent localization of the oral carcinomas. The tongue neoplasia represents nearly 40% of the oral carcinomas. Recent studies showed an increasing trend of lingual carcinoma in young patients. Several staining tests have been described to early detect the disease. After detection, disease free margins resection will increase the survival rate. This study aims to analyze the methylene blue staining test in achieving disease free resection margins in lingual squamous cell carcinoma.

scholarly journals DFT Study of Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Kaolinite, Muscovite, and Montmorillonite

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Layla Shafei ◽  
Puja Adhikari ◽  
Wai-Yim Ching
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Bond Order ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Structure Properties

Clay mineral materials have attracted attention due to their many properties and applications. The applications of clay minerals are closely linked to their structure and composition. In this paper, we studied the electronic structure properties of kaolinite, muscovite, and montmorillonite crystals, which are classified as clay minerals, by using DFT-based ab initio packages VASP and the OLCAO. The aim of this work is to have a deep understanding of clay mineral materials, including electronic structure, bond strength, mechanical properties, and optical properties. It is worth mentioning that understanding these properties may help continually result in new and innovative clay products in several applications, such as in pharmaceutical applications using kaolinite for their potential in cancer treatment, muscovite used as insulators in electrical appliances, and engineering applications that use montmorillonite as a sealant. In addition, our results show that the role played by hydrogen bonds in O-H bonds has an impact on the hydration in these crystals. Based on calculated total bond order density, it is concluded that kaolinite is slightly more cohesive than montmorillonite, which is consistent with the calculated mechanical properties.

Volcanogenic clays in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata of England and the North Sea Basin

Clay Minerals ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Jeans ◽  
D. S. Wray ◽  
R. J. Merriman ◽  
M. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Thermal Doming

AbstractThe nature and origin of authigenic clay minerals and silicate cements in the Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments of England and the North Sea are discussed in relation to penecontemporaneous volcanism in and around the North Sea Basin. Evidence, including new REE data, suggests that the authigenic clay minerals represent the argillization of volcanic ash under varying diagenetic conditions, and that volcanic ash is a likely source for at least the early silicate cements in many sandstones. The nature and origin of smectite-rich, glauconite-rich, berthierine-rich and kaolin-rich volcanogenic clay mineral deposits are discussed. Two patterns of volcanogenic clay minerals facies are described. Pattern A is related to ash argillization in the non-marine and marine environments. Pattern B is developed by the argillization of ash concentrated in the sand and silt facies belts in the seas bordering ash-covered islands and massifs. It is associated with regression/ transgression cycles which may be related to thermal doming and associated volcanism, including the submarine release of hydrothermal fluids rich in Fe. The apparent paucity of volcanogenic clay deposits in the Jurasssic and Early Cretaceous sediments of the North Sea is discussed.

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