A simplified method to estimate saturated and unsaturated seepage through dikes under steady-state conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P Chapuis ◽  
Michel Aubertin
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Seepage Flow ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
The Core ◽  
Downstream Slope ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Filter Layer ◽  
Seepage Face ◽  
Unsaturated Seepage

The seepage rate through homogeneous or zoned dikes includes saturated and unsaturated flow. The latter is often neglected but should be considered to obtain the positions of the water table and the seepage face that may develop either on the downstream slope of a homogeneous dike or within the filter layer behind the core of a zoned dike. Different dikes with heights of 5, 10, 20, and 50 m have been analyzed numerically with a two-dimensional finite element code. The cases investigated include the most frequent types of small dikes designed to retain municipal or industrial wastewater. Solutions are proposed to solve numerically two difficulties related to the representation of saturated and unsaturated physical flow conditions. One difficulty is treating a downstream seepage face. The other is treating the passage of water from the core into a draining layer. The paper presents simple expressions to predict the total (saturated and unsaturated) seepage flow rate through a dike and discusses precautions to be taken.Key words: dams, dikes, seepage, saturated soil, unsaturated soil, numerical modeling.

Visual Simulation of Soil-Structure Destruction with Seepage Flows

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Makoto Fujisawa ◽  
Masahiko Mikawa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Seepage Flow ◽  
Momentum Exchange ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Capillary Model ◽  
Seepage Flows ◽  
Dam Breaking ◽  
Soil And Water

This paper introduces a method for simulating soil-structure coupling with water, which involves a series of visual effects, including wet granular materials, seepage flows, capillary action between grains, and dam breaking simulation. We develop a seepage flow based SPH-DEM framework to handle soil and water particles interactions through a momentum exchange term. In this framework, water is seen as a seepage flow through porous media by Darcy's law; the seepage rate and the soil permeability are manipulated according to drag coefficient and soil porosity. A water saturation-based capillary model is used to capture various soil behaviors such as sandy soil and clay soil. Furthermore, the capillary model can dynamically adjust liquid bridge forces induced by surface tension between soil particles. The adhesion model describes the attraction ability between soil surfaces and water particles to achieve various visual effects for soil and water. Lastly, this framework can capture the complicated dam-breaking scenarios caused by overtopping flow or internal seepage erosion that are challenging to simulate.

Unsaturated Seepage and Fluid-Solid Coupling Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration of Slope

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 3488-3492
Author(s):  
Bao Lin Xiong ◽  
Jing Song Tang ◽  
Chun Jiao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Rainfall Infiltration ◽  
Medium Permeability ◽  
Stability Of Slope ◽  
Transient Seepage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Unsaturated Seepage

Rainfall is one of the main factors that influence the stability of slope. Rainfall infiltration will cause soil saturation changing and further influence pore water pressure and medium permeability coefficient. Based on porous media saturation-unsaturated flow theory, the slope transient seepage field is simulated under the conditions of rainfall infiltration. It is shown that change of pore water pressure in slope soil lag behind relative changes in rainfall conditions. As the rainfall infiltrate, unsaturated zone in top half of slope become diminution, the soil suction and shear strength reduce, so stabilization of soil slope is reduced.

Ground Behaviors due to Seepage Force of Groundwater

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Ling Yu Meng ◽  
Haruyuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Seepage Flow ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Seepage Force ◽  
Ground Displacement ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Capillary Zone ◽  
Seepage Theory ◽  
Unsaturated Seepage

Well pumping leads to both horizontal and vertical displacement, and fluctuation of groundwater level can cause serious damage to structures in a lagre affected area. Ground behaviors due to seepage force in traditional methods were rarely considered. This paper presents a numerical solution of ground displacement behaviors due to unsteady groundwater flow in unconfined aquifer by considering the effect of capillary zone based on the saturated-unsaturated seepage theory, and the numerical simulation code implemented by FORTRAN is applied to predict the flow velocity distribution and the results of ground displacement. The model uses the finite element method and finite difference method to study the problem. The analysis shows that the seepage force and the effect of capillary zone play a very important role in both seepage flow and displacement field.

scholarly journals Description and Application of A Model of Seepage under A Weir Including Mechanical Clogging

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Sroka ◽  
Zbigniew Walczak ◽  
Bogdan Wosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Seepage Flow ◽  
Euler Method ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Seepage Velocity ◽  
Discrete Form ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Layer Flow

Abstract The paper discusses seepage flow under a damming structure (a weir) in view of mechanical clogging in a thin layer at the upstream site. It was assumed that in this layer flow may be treated as one-dimensional (perpendicular to the layer), while elsewhere flow was modelled as two-dimensional. The solution in both zones was obtained in the discrete form using the finite element method and the Euler method. The effect of the clogging layer on seepage flow was modelled using the third kind boundary condition. Seepage parameters in the clogging layer were estimated based on laboratory tests conducted by Skolasińska [2006]. Typical problem was taken to provide simulation and indicate how clogging affects the seepage rate and other parameters of the flow. Results showed that clogging at the upstream site has a significant effect on the distribution of seepage velocity and hydraulic gradients. The flow underneath the structure decreases with time, but these changes are relatively slow.

scholarly journals Seepage Behavior of Earth Dams Considering Rainfall Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jong-Wook Lee ◽  
Jiseong Kim ◽  
Gi-Chun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Seepage Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Seepage Water ◽  
Earth Dams ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Rock Fill

More than 60% of annual rainfall in Korea is concentrated during the monsoon season from June to August because of the climate characteristics of East Asia. In general, reservoir water levels sharply rise during this period and rock-fill dams are exposed to various types of damages such as soil erosion and piping related to seepage problems. However, the detection of seepage problems is generally more difficult because rainfall directly flows into a V-notch weir according to a downstream shell in which seepage rates can be measured downstream. In this paper, rainfall is filtered out from the measured seepage rates to evaluate the effects of rainfall by using a digital filtering method for two large rock-fill dams (Dams A and B). Seepage behavior for these two large rock-fill dams was estimated as a steady-state condition. It has been proven that with the application of a digital filter which filters out rainfall-induced infiltration into a downstream shell from a measured seepage flow would make analyzing the seepage behavior of dams more effective. This also shows that consideration for any rainfall effect on the seepage behavior of earth dams is very important. The seepage rate of Dam A was not significantly affected by rainfall because the seepage water was collected inside the dam body and was transferred to a V-notch weir located downstream from the dam through a steel pipe. On the contrary, the seepage rate of Dam B was greatly influenced by rainfall in the rainy season. Also, the permeability of the core zones for Dams A and B was estimated at 8.5 × 10−5 cm/sec and 2.7 × 10−5 cm/sec, respectively, by a simplified method.

Contribution of Support Means to Stresses Developed in Sheet Metal Coils

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Lee ◽  
J. A. Wickert
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Drive Shaft ◽  
Support Condition ◽  
The Core ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Stress Components ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Large Wound

Sheet metal is often stored in large wound coils and processed through such manufacturing stages as cleaning, coating, and slitting in a finishing plant or thickness reduction in a rolling mill. During winding and unwinding operations, as well as during storage and transportation, a coil can be supported in a variety of methods. The coil can be formed on a relatively compliant fiber core, or it can be mounted with the core onto a drive shaft or a pair of core chucks. The stresses within the coil develop in response to the sheet metal’s material properties, the process tension, and the type of support condition that is present along the coil’s inner diameter. In this investigation, a two-dimensional finite element model is applied to capture the stress distribution within sheet metal coils. The influence of support condition on the state of stress is investigated for sheet metal on a core alone, and for the cases in which the coil is supported by a drive shaft or core chucks during winding. The radial and width-wise variations of the stress components are calculated and compared in the light of the differences in compliance between the three means of support.

An Analysis of Two-Dimensional Steady Seepage Flow of Earth Dam Based on FEM

2012 ◽  
Vol 446-449 ◽  
pp. 2699-2702
Author(s):  
Chang Chun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Seepage Flow ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Steady Seepage ◽  
Complex Boundaries ◽  
Set Up

Through project examples, this paper set up a two-dimensional finite element seepage flow model with the help of the Auto-BANK software, to solve the soakage line overflow points, seepage quantity and seepage gradient of the earth dam based on the basic equation of steady seepage flow of earth dam and definite conditions. It is found that this method can effectively calculate and analyse multi-media seepage flow field with complex boundaries.

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