An equation to represent grain-size distribution

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray D Fredlund ◽  
D G Fredlund ◽  
G Ward Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curve ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Log Normal

The grain-size distribution is commonly used for soil classification; however, there is also potential to use the grain-size distribution as a basis for estimating soil behaviour. For example, much emphasis has recently been placed on the estimation of the soil-water characteristic curve. Many methods proposed in the literature use the grain-size distribution as a starting point to estimate the soil-water characteristic curve. Two mathematical forms are presented to represent grain-size distribution curves, namely, a unimodal form and a bimodal form. The proposed equations provide methods for accurately representing uniform, well-graded soils, and gap-graded soils. The five-parameter unimodal equation provides a closer fit than previous two-parameter, log-normal equations used to fit uniform and well-graded soils. The unimodal equation also improves representation of the silt- and clay-sized portions of the grain-size distribution curve.Key words: grain-size distribution, sieve analysis, hydrometer analysis, soil classification, probability density function.

scholarly journals Evaluation of prediction models applied to the soil-water characteristic curve of ideal materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Roberto Dutra Alves ◽  
Gilson de F. N. Gitirana ◽  
Sai K. Vanapalli
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curve ◽  
Varying Coefficients ◽  
Semi Empirical

The development of theoretical and semi-empirical models to study capillary mechanisms and predict the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) generally requires the idealization of pore space and pore water, considering simplifying hypotheses. The study of ideal materials comprised of particles with controlled shape and size allows the evaluation of such simplifying hypotheses and the subsequent generalization to actual soils. In this paper, four theoretical and semi-empirical models for the prediction of the SWCC are applied to the prediction of artificial materials comprised of spherical particles. Nineteen grain-size distribution curves, with varying coefficients of uniformity are considered. The dataset is comprised of materials previously published and additional tests carried out by the authors, under highly controlled conditions. The analyses allowed the evaluation of the effect of grain-size distribution curve and shape of the particles. The limitations and advantages of each prediction model was investigated, and a detailed comparison is presented, guiding future implementations of improved models.

Use of the grain-size distribution for estimation of the soil-water characteristic curve

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray D Fredlund ◽  
G Ward Wilson ◽  
Delwyn G Fredlund
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curve ◽  
Mass Properties

The implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics into engineering practice is dependent, to a large extent, upon an ability to estimate unsaturated soil property functions. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), along with the saturated soil properties, has proven to provide a satisfactory basis for estimating the permeability function and shear strength functions for an unsaturated soil. The volume change functions have not been totally defined nor applied in geotechnical engineering. The objective of this paper is to present a procedure for estimating the SWCC from information on the grain-size distribution and the volume–mass properties of a soil. SWCCs represent a continuous water content versus soil suction relationship. The proposed method provides an approximate means of estimating the desorption curve corresponding to a soil initially slurried near the liquid limit. The effects of stress history, fabric, confining pressure, and hysteresis are not addressed. A database of published data is used to verify the proposed procedure. The database contains independent measurements of the grain-size distribution and the SWCC. The level of fit between the estimated and measured SWCCs is analyzed statistically. The proposed procedure is compared to previously proposed methods for predicting the SWCC from the grain-size distribution. The results show that the proposed procedure is somewhat superior to previous methods.Key words: soil-water characteristic curve, grain-size distribution, volume-mass properties, pedo-transfer function, unsaturated soil property functions.

Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Fredlund ◽  
Anqing Xing
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Nonlinear Least Squares ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curve ◽  
Nonlinear Curve Fitting ◽  
Soil Behaviour ◽  
Nonlinear Curve

The soil-water characteristic curve can be used to estimate various parameters used to describe unsaturated soil behaviour. A general equation for the soil-water characteristic curve is proposed. A nonlinear, least-squares computer program is used to determine the best-fit parameters for experimental data presented in the literature. The equation is based on the assumption that the shape of the soil-water characteristic curve is dependent upon the pore-size distribution of the soil (i.e., the desaturation is a function of the pore-size distribution). The equation has the form of an integrated frequency distribution curve. The equation provides a good fit for sand, silt, and clay soils over the entire suction range from 0 to 106 kPa. Key words : soil-water characteristic curve, pore-size distribution, nonlinear curve fitting, soil suction, water content.

scholarly journals Assessment and Analysis of Precambrian Basement Soil Deposits Using Grain Size Distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Gideon Layade ◽  
Charles Ogunkoya ◽  
Victor Makinde ◽  
Kehinde Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Precambrian Basement ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Transportation History

AbstractThe article presents the grain size distribution of soil samples from the Precambrian basement within the purview of the textural properties, deduced transportation history and the numerical assessments using statistical parameters. The fourteen soil samples collected from the study area were subjected to sieve analysis in the laboratory for the determination of their grain size distribution. The statistical parameters’ study includes the graphic mean, skewness, sorting and kurtosis. The result of the analysis of the soil samples ranged from coarse to fine-grained samples, moderately and poorly sorted, positively and negatively skewed and the kurtosis also shows leptokurtic as the most dominant which suggests the samples poorly distributed and moderately sorted at the centre of the grain size distribution. These results also suggest the geological environment of the soil samples could be responsible for the poorly and moderately sorted exhibited by the samples deposited in the location.

scholarly journals Chemical modelling of dust–gas chemistry within AGB outflows – II. Effect of the dust-grain size distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 495 (2) ◽  
pp. 1650-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Van de Sande ◽  
C Walsh ◽  
T Danilovich
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Agb Stars ◽  
Gas Chemistry ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dust Grain ◽  
Grain Surface

ABSTRACT Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are, together with supernovae, the main contributors of stellar dust to the interstellar medium (ISM). Dust grains formed by AGB stars are thought to be large. However, as dust nucleation and growth within their outflows are still not understood, the dust-grain size distribution (GSD) is unknown. This is an important uncertainty regarding our knowledge of the chemical and physical history of interstellar dust, as AGB dust forms ${\sim} 70{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the starting point of its evolution. We expand on our chemical kinetics model, which uniquely includes a comprehensive dust–gas chemistry. The GSD is now allowed to deviate from the commonly assumed canonical Mathis, Rumpl & Nordsieck distribution. We find that the specific GSD can significantly influence the dust–gas chemistry within the outflow. Our results show that the level of depletion of gas-phase species depends on the average grain surface area of the GSD. Gas-phase abundance profiles and their possible depletions can be retrieved from observations of molecular emission lines when using a range of transitions. Because of degeneracies within the prescription of GSD, specific parameters cannot be retrieved, only (a lower limit to) the average grain surface area. None the less, this can discriminate between dust composed of predominantly large or small grains. We show that when combined with other observables such as the spectral energy distribution and polarized light, depletion levels from molecular gas-phase abundance profiles can constrain the elusive GSD of the dust delivered to the ISM by AGB outflows.

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